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Molecular basis for inhibiting human glucose transporters by exofacial inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2632. [PMID: 35552392 PMCID: PMC9098912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glucose transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for cellular uptake of hexoses. Elevated expression of GLUTs, particularly GLUT1 and GLUT3, is required to fuel the hyperproliferation of cancer cells, making GLUT inhibitors potential anticancer therapeutics. Meanwhile, GLUT inhibitor-conjugated insulin is being explored to mitigate the hypoglycemia side effect of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. Reasoning that exofacial inhibitors of GLUT1/3 may be favored for therapeutic applications, we report here the engineering of a GLUT3 variant, designated GLUT3exo, that can be probed for screening and validating exofacial inhibitors. We identify an exofacial GLUT3 inhibitor SA47 and elucidate its mode of action by a 2.3 Å resolution crystal structure of SA47-bound GLUT3. Our studies serve as a framework for the discovery of GLUTs exofacial inhibitors for therapeutic development. Human glucose transporters (GLUTs), particularly GLUT1 and GLUT3, are potential anticancer therapy targets. Here, Nan Wang et al. use an engineered GLUT 3 variant to identify an exofacial GLUT3 inhibitor, SA47, and elucidate the drug’s inhibitory mechanism.
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Zhang R, Abdel-Motaal H, Zou Q, Guo S, Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Meng L, Xu T, Jiang J. A Novel MFS-MDR Transporter, MdrP, Employs D223 as a Key Determinant in the Na + Translocation Coupled to Norfloxacin Efflux. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 32547505 PMCID: PMC7272687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) were previously believed to drive the extrusion of multiple antimicrobial drugs through the coupling to proton translocation. Here, we present the identification of the first Na+-coupled MFS-MDR transporter, MdrP, which also can achieve H+-coupled drug efflux independently of Na+. Importantly, we propose that MdrP can extrude norfloxacin in a mode of drug/Na+ antiport, which has not yet been reported in any MFS member. On this basis, we further provide the insights into a novel Na+ and H+ coupling mechanism of MFS-MDR transporters, even for all secondary transporters. The most important finding lies in that D223 should mainly act as a key determinant in the Na+ translocation coupled to norfloxacin efflux. Furthermore, our results partially modify the knowledge of the conformational stability-related residues in the motif A of MFS transporters and imply the importance of a new positively charged residue, R361, for the stabilization of outward-facing conformation of MFS transporters. These novel findings positively contribute to the knowledge of MFS-MDR transporters, especially about Na+ and H+ coupling mechanism. This study is based mainly on measurements in intact cells or everted membranes, and a biochemical assay with a reconstituted MdrP protein should be necessary to come to conclusion to be assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Heba Abdel-Motaal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiao Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiutao Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenglai Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Juquan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Xu T, Chen H, Li J, Hong S, Shao L, Zheng X, Zou Q, Wang Y, Guo S, Jiang J. Implications for Cation Selectivity and Evolution by a Novel Cation Diffusion Facilitator Family Member From the Moderate Halophile Planococcus dechangensis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 30967858 PMCID: PMC6440370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, the transported substrates are confined to divalent metal ions, such as Zn2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+. However, this study identifies a novel CDF member designated MceT from the moderate halophile Planococcus dechangensis. MceT functions as a Na+(Li+, K+)/H+ antiporter, together with its capability of facilitated Zn2+ diffusion into cells, which have not been reported in any identified CDF transporters as yet. MceT is proposed to represent a novel CDF group, Na-CDF, which shares significantly distant phylogenetic relationship with three known CDF groups including Mn-CDF, Fe/Zn-CDF, and Zn-CDF. Variation of key function-related residues to “Y44-S48-Q150” in two structural motifs explains a significant discrimination in cation selectivity between Na-CDF group and three major known CDF groups. Functional analysis via site-directed mutagenesis confirms that MceT employs Q150, S158, and D184 for the function of MceT as a Na+(Li+, K+)/H+ antiporter, and retains D41, D154, and D184 for its facilitated Zn2+ diffusion into cells. These presented findings imply that MceT has evolved from its native CDF family function to a Na+/H+ antiporter in an evolutionary strategy of the substitution of key conserved residues to “Q150-S158-D184” motif. More importantly, the discovery of MceT contributes to a typical transporter model of CDF family with the unique structural motifs, which will be utilized to explore the cation-selective mechanisms of secondary transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiutao Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiao Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Juquan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Hao L, McIlroy SJ, Kirkegaard RH, Karst SM, Fernando WEY, Aslan H, Meyer RL, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Dueholm MS. Novel prosthecate bacteria from the candidate phylum Acetothermia. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2225-2237. [PMID: 29884828 PMCID: PMC6092417 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the candidate phylum Acetothermia are globally distributed and detected in various habitats. However, little is known about their physiology and ecological importance. In this study, an operational taxonomic unit belonging to Acetothermia was detected at high abundance in four full-scale anaerobic digesters by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The first closed genome from this phylum was obtained by differential coverage binning of metagenomes and scaffolding with long nanopore reads. Genome annotation and metabolic reconstruction suggested an anaerobic chemoheterotrophic lifestyle in which the bacterium obtains energy and carbon via fermentation of peptides, amino acids, and simple sugars to acetate, formate, and hydrogen. The morphology was unusual and composed of a central rod-shaped cell with bipolar prosthecae as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We hypothesize that these prosthecae allow for increased nutrient uptake by greatly expanding the cell surface area, providing a competitive advantage under nutrient-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Jon McIlroy
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hansen Kirkegaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Michael Karst
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Hüsnü Aslan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Rapp M, Schein J, Hunt KA, Nalam V, Mourad GS, Schultes NP. The solute specificity profiles of nucleobase cation symporter 1 (NCS1) from Zea mays and Setaria viridis illustrate functional flexibility. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:611-23. [PMID: 26022088 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The solute specificity profiles (transport and binding) for the nucleobase cation symporter 1 (NCS1) proteins, from the closely related C4 grasses Zea mays and Setaria viridis, differ from that of Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii NCS1. Solute specificity profiles for NCS1 from Z. mays (ZmNCS1) and S. viridis (SvNCS1) were determined through heterologous complementation studies in NCS1-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The four Viridiplantae NCS1 proteins transport the purines adenine and guanine, but unlike the dicot and algal NCS1, grass NCS1 proteins fail to transport the pyrimidine uracil. Despite the high level of amino acid sequence similarity, ZmNCS1 and SvNCS1 display distinct solute transport and recognition profiles. SvNCS1 transports adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, and allantoin and competitively binds xanthine and uric acid. ZmNCS1 transports adenine, guanine, and cytosine and competitively binds, 5-fluorocytosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. The differences in grass NCS1 profiles are due to a limited number of amino acid alterations. These amino acid residues do not correspond to amino acids essential for overall solute and cation binding or solute transport, as previously identified in bacterial and fungal NCS1, but rather may represent residues involved in subtle solute discrimination. The data presented here reveal that within Viridiplantae, NCS1 proteins transport a broad range of nucleobase compounds and that the solute specificity profile varies with species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Rapp
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Jessica Schein
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Kevin A Hunt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Vamsi Nalam
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - George S Mourad
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Neil P Schultes
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Abstract
The ancient and ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily (MFS) represents the largest secondary transporter family and plays a crucial role in a multitude of physiological processes. MFS proteins transport a broad spectrum of ions and solutes across membranes via facilitated diffusion, symport, or antiport. In recent years, remarkable advances in understanding the structural biology of the MFS transporters have been made. This article reviews the history, classification, and general features of the MFS proteins; summarizes recent structural progress with a focus on the sugar porter family transporters exemplified by GLUT1; and discusses the molecular mechanisms of substrate binding, alternating access, and cotransport coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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Boyarskiy S, Tullman-Ercek D. Getting pumped: membrane efflux transporters for enhanced biomolecule production. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 28:15-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shi Y, Stevens RC. Asia growth in membrane protein structure. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:481-2. [PMID: 23890727 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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