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Rathaur VS, Gokhale NA, Panda S. pH effects on capture efficiency and deposition patterns in sessile droplet immunoassays: An XDLVO analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:054103. [PMID: 39280193 PMCID: PMC11401646 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunosensors are crucial for various applications, with capture efficiency and detection time as key performance parameters. Sessile droplets on functionalized substrates have demonstrated potential as micro-reactors for antibody-antigen binding, reducing detection time and analyte volume due to the presence of convective currents. Tuning the surface charges by adjusting buffer pH can modulate antigen capture efficiency. While the impact of pH has been studied on antibody-antigen binding in flow and non-flow systems, the use of sessile droplets and the specific impact of buffer pH on the capture efficiency of surface-functionalized antibodies remains understudied. Understanding how pH affects capture and deposition patterns is vital for optimizing immunosensor design. Additionally, the mechanisms governing internal flow within the droplet and dominant driving forces require further investigation. We investigated the effect of varying buffer pH on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) capture by anti-PSA functionalized polydimethylsiloxane substrates. Capture efficiency was measured using the Brown-Anson model applied to cyclic voltammetry, validated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. pH significantly influenced PSA capture by surface-immobilized anti-PSA IgG. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory explained the interplay between pH and internal flow. Micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) confirmed internal flow, primarily driven by Marangoni flow from solute concentration gradients. Controlling buffer pH in biosensors offers higher capture efficiency and desired deposition patterns. These insights advance immunosensor design and hold potential for biomedical and diagnostic applications.
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Imran H, Lee HJ, Alam A, An J, Ko M, Lim S. Ultrasensitive detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA using a graphene-based sensor modified with biotin and gold nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101123. [PMID: 38988817 PMCID: PMC11234158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins orchestrate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation-demethylation dynamics by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and are frequently inactivated in various cancers. Due to the significance of 5hmC as an epigenetic biomarker for cancer diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment, its rapid and precise quantification is essential. Here, we report a highly sensitive electrochemical method for quantifying genomic 5hmC using graphene sheets that were electrochemically exfoliated and functionalized with biotin and gold nanoparticles (Bt-AuNPs) through a single-step electrical method. The attachment of Bt-AuNPs to graphene enhances the specificity of 5hmC-containing DNA and augments the oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine in DNA. When coupled to a gold electrode, the Bt-AuNP-graphene-based sensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity and specificity for detecting 5hmC, with a detection limit of 63.2 fM. Furthermore, our sensor exhibits a remarkable capacity to measure 5hmC levels across a range of biological samples, including preclinical mouse tissues with varying 5hmC levels due to either TET gene disruption or oncogenic transformation, as well as human prostate cancer cell lines. Therefore, our sensing strategy has substantial potential for cancer diagnostics and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibulla Imran
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Asrar Alam
- Mycronic AB, Nytorpsvägen 9, Täby, 183 53 Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Jungeun An
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Garcia-Melo LF, Morales-Rodríguez M, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-González JA, Pineda Cruces RN, Campoy Ramírez JA, Damian-Matsumura P, Tellez-Plancarte A, Batina N, Álvarez-González I. Development of a Nanostructured Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of the K-ras Gene. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:6575140. [PMID: 36299712 PMCID: PMC9592225 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6575140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the scientific literature, it has been documented that electrochemical genosensors are novel analytical tools with proven clinical diagnostic potential for the identification of carcinogenic processes due to genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as infectious diseases due to viruses or bacteria. In the present work, we describe the construction of an electrochemical genosensor for the identification of the k12p.1 mutation; it was based on use of Screen-Printed Gold Electrode (SPGE), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), for the monitoring the electron transfer trough the functionalized nanostructured surface and corresponding morphological changes. The sensitivity of the genosensor showed a linear response for the identification of the k12p.1 mutation of the K-ras gene in the concentration range of 10 fM to 1 μM with a detection limit of 7.96 fM in the presence of doxorubicin (Dox) as DNA intercalating agent and indicator of the hybridization reaction. Thus, the electrochemical genosensor developed could be useful for the identification of diseases related with the K-ras oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Garcia-Melo
- Division de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Av. Mexiquense s/n esquina Av. Universidad Politécnica, Tultitlan Estado de México, CP 54910, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular Área Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, México City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Morales-Rodríguez
- Division de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Av. Mexiquense s/n esquina Av. Universidad Politécnica, Tultitlan Estado de México, CP 54910, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomás, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomás, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa Natali Pineda Cruces
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular Área Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, México City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfredo Campoy Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular Área Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, México City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Damian-Matsumura
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), México City, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Tellez-Plancarte
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nikola Batina
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular Área Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, México City, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Construction of a ternary nano-architecture based graphene oxide sheets, toward electrocatalytic determination of tumor-associated anti-p53 autoantibodies in human serum. Talanta 2021; 230:122276. [PMID: 33934760 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Almost 13% of all death in the world is related to cancer. One of the major reasons for failing cancer treatment is the late diagnosis of the tumors. Thus, diagnosis at the early stages could be vital for the treatment. Serum autoantibodies, as tumor markers, are becoming interesting targets due to their medical and biological relevance. Among them, anti-p53 autoantibody in human sera is found to be involved in a variety of cancers. Regarding this issue, a novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor for detection of anti-p53 autoantibody has been developed. For this purpose, a nanocomposite including thionine (as an electron transfer mediator)/chitosan/nickel hydroxide nanoparticles/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (Th-CS-Ni(OH)2NPs-ERGO) as a support platform was fabricated on the surface of glassy carbon electrode via a layer-by-layer manner and characterized through common electrochemical and imaging techniques. Then, p53-antigen was immobilized on the nanocomposite and used in an indirect immunoassay with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody and H2O2 as the substrate, following the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Under optimized condition, two techniques, including differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a label free technique, applied for the biomarker detection. The linear ranges and LODs were obtained 0.1-500 pg mL-1 and 0.001 pg mL-1 using DPV and 5-150 pg mL-1 and 0.007 pg mL-1 using EIS, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor displayed satisfying stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. According to the results, the presented protocol is promising to develop other electrochemical biosensors.
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Farjadian F, Abbaspour S, Sadatlu MAA, Mirkiani S, Ghasemi A, Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi M, Mozaffari N, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Abbaspour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology Iran
| | | | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Canada
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG) Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine department School of Paramedical Sciences Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Naeimeh Mozaffari
- Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Iran Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre Tehran Medical Science Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Employed in the Development of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Screen-Printing Technique—A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to revise research on carbonaceous nanomaterials used in developing sensors. In general, nanomaterials are known to be useful in developing high-performance sensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, descriptions were made for various structural features, properties, and manner of functionalization of carbon-based nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors. Of the commonly used technologies in manufacturing electrochemical sensors, the screen-printing technique was described, highlighting the advantages of this type of device. In addition, an analysis was performed in point of the various applications of carbon-based nanomaterial sensors to detect analytes of interest in different sample types.
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Abstract
Protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions are involved in many cellular processes. Therefore, determining their complex structures at the atomic level is valuable to gain insights into these interactions. Because of the technical difficulties and high cost in experimental methods, computational approaches like molecular docking have been developed to predict the structures of macromolecular complexes in the last decades. To automatically integrate the available binding information from the PDB, we have developed HDOCK, a protein-protein/nucleic acid docking web server by combining template-based and free docking. In this chapter, we first briefly introduce our HDOCK server and then give a step-by-step description of docking bovine chymotrypsinogen A against its inhibitor (PDB ID: 1CGI). Two case studies of realistic examples are also discussed. The HDOCK server is freely available at http://hdock.phys.hust.edu.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yan
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng-You Huang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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