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Fakhri MA, Salim ET, Tariq SM, Ibrahim RK, Alsultany FH, Alwahib AA, Alhasan SFH, Gopinath SCB, Salim ZT, Hashim U. A gold nanoparticles coated unclad single mode fiber-optic sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5680. [PMID: 37029253 PMCID: PMC10082208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decays, the fiber-optic was employed in the field of sensing because of its benefits in contrast to other types of sensors such as small size, easy to fabricate, high response, and flexibility. In this study, unclad single mode fiber-optic sensor is proposed to operate at 650 nm wavelength. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 finite element method (FEM) is used to design the sensor and tested it theoretically. The middle portion of the fiber cladding is removed and replaced by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of 50 nm thickness. Analytic layer of 3 μm thickness was immersed in different liquids in range of refractive index (RI) from 1.000281 to 1.39. These liquids are NaCl Deionized (DI) water solution, sucrose-Deionized (DI) water solution, and glycerol solution Deionized (DI) water. It was found that the highest obtained sensitivity and resolution are for glycerol-DI water solution with value of 3157.98 (nm/RIU) and 3.16 × 10-5 (RIU), respectively. Furthermore, it is easy to fabricate and of low cost. In experiments, pulsed laser ablation (PLA) was used to prepare Au NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shown that the peak of the intensity grew as the ablated energy increased as well as the structure crystallization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an average diameter of 30 nm at the three ablated energies, while X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum has indicated the presence of Au NPs in the prepared solution. The photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet-visible UV-Vis transmission were used to study the optical properties of the prepared Au NPs. An optical spectrum analyzer was used to obtain the sensor's output results. It has shown that best intensity was obtained for sucrose which confined with theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram A Fakhri
- Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Evan T Salim
- Applied science department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Sara M Tariq
- Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Forat H Alsultany
- Department of Medical Physics, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Ali A Alwahib
- Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (CoExNano), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Zaid T Salim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - U Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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