1
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Relevance of interactions between dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3583-3591. [PMID: 35681081 PMCID: PMC9712151 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and glutamate neurotransmission are strongly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. While most studies focus on contributions of neurons that release only DA or glutamate, neither DA nor glutamate models alone recapitulate the full spectrum of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Similarly, therapeutic strategies limited to either system cannot effectively treat all three major symptom domains of schizophrenia: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests extensive interactions between the DA and glutamate systems and more effective treatments may therefore require the targeting of both DA and glutamate signaling. This offers the possibility that disrupting DA-glutamate circuitry between these two systems, particularly in the striatum and forebrain, culminate in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Yet, the mechanisms behind these interactions and their contributions to schizophrenia remain unclear. In addition to circuit- or system-level interactions between neurons that solely release either DA or glutamate, here we posit that functional alterations involving a subpopulation of neurons that co-release both DA and glutamate provide a novel point of integration between DA and glutamate systems, offering a key missing link in our understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying DA/glutamate co-release from these neurons may therefore shed new light on schizophrenia pathophysiology and lead to more effective therapeutics.
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2
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Bhat S, El-Kasaby A, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Functional and Biochemical Consequences of Disease Variants in Neurotransmitter Transporters: A Special Emphasis on Folding and Trafficking Deficits. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107785. [PMID: 33310157 PMCID: PMC7612411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetyl choline, glycine and the monoamines, facilitate the crosstalk within the central nervous system. The designated neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) both release and take up neurotransmitters to and from the synaptic cleft. NTT dysfunction can lead to severe pathophysiological consequences, e.g. epilepsy, intellectual disability, or Parkinson’s disease. Genetic point mutations in NTTs have recently been associated with the onset of various neurological disorders. Some of these mutations trigger folding defects in the NTT proteins. Correct folding is a prerequisite for the export of NTTs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the subsequent trafficking to their pertinent site of action, typically at the plasma membrane. Recent studies have uncovered some of the key features in the molecular machinery responsible for transporter protein folding, e.g., the role of heat shock proteins in fine-tuning the ER quality control mechanisms in cells. The therapeutic significance of understanding these events is apparent from the rising number of reports, which directly link different pathological conditions to NTT misfolding. For instance, folding-deficient variants of the human transporters for dopamine or GABA lead to infantile parkinsonism/dystonia and epilepsy, respectively. From a therapeutic point of view, some folding-deficient NTTs are amenable to functional rescue by small molecules, known as chemical and pharmacological chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Pietrancosta N, Djibo M, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Erickson JD. Molecular, Structural, Functional, and Pharmacological Sites for Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3118-3142. [PMID: 32474835 PMCID: PMC7261050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades. VGLUTs contain two independent transport modes that facilitate glutamate packaging into synaptic vesicles and phosphate (Pi) ion transport into the synaptic terminal. While a transmembrane proton electrical gradient established by a vacuolar-type ATPase powers vesicular glutamate transport, recent studies indicate that binding sites and flux properties for chloride, potassium, and protons within VGLUTs themselves regulate VGLUT activity as well. These intrinsic ionic binding and flux properties of VGLUTs can therefore be modulated by neurophysiological conditions to affect levels of glutamate available for release from synapses. Despite their extraordinary importance, specific and high-affinity pharmacological compounds that interact with these sites and regulate VGLUT function, distinguish between the various modes of transport, and the different isoforms themselves, are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiologic sites for VGLUT regulation that could modulate glutamate release in an over-active synapse or in a disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahamadou Djibo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, LCBPT, UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle, Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Erickson
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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4
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The importance of long non-coding RNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:127-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Vrettou M, Nilsson KW, Tuvblad C, Rehn M, Åslund C, Andershed AK, Wallén-Mackenzie Å, Andershed H, Hodgins S, Nylander I, Comasco E. VGLUT2 rs2290045 genotype moderates environmental sensitivity to alcohol-related problems in three samples of youths. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1329-1340. [PMID: 30805764 PMCID: PMC6785645 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-mediated neurotransmission has been highlighted in studies on addiction-related phenotypes. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2290045 in VGLUT2 has been associated with alcohol dependence, but it is unknown whether or how this association is affected by environmental factors. The present study determined whether the association of alcohol-related problems with the rs2290045 in the VGLUT2 gene was modified by negative and positive environmental factors. Three samples were included: a clinical sample of 131 adolescents followed from age 17 to 22; a general population sample of 1794 young adults; and a general population sample of 1687 adolescents followed from age 14 to 17. DNA was extracted from saliva and the rs2290045 (T/C) was genotyped. Alcohol-related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Stressful life events (SLE) and parenting were assessed by questionnaires. Gene-environment interactions were investigated using a dual statistical approach. In all samples (effect sizes 0.6-6.2%), and consistent with the differential susceptibility framework, T carriers exposed to SLE reported more alcohol-related problems if they had experienced poor parenting, and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting. T carriers not exposed to SLE reported higher alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received poor parenting. Among CC carriers, alcohol-related problems did not vary as a function of negative and positive environmental factors. In conclusion, in three samples of youths, alcohol-related problems were associated with an interaction of VGLUT2 rs2290045, SLE, and parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrettou
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mattias Rehn
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Andershed
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Andershed
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ingrid Nylander
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Characterization of a Human Point Mutation of VGLUT3 (p.A211V) in the Rodent Brain Suggests a Nonuniform Distribution of the Transporter in Synaptic Vesicles. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4181-4199. [PMID: 28314816 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0282-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) is expressed by subpopulations of neurons using acetylcholine, GABA, or serotonin as neurotransmitters. In addition, VGLUT3 is expressed in the inner hair cells of the auditory system. A mutation (p.A211V) in the gene that encodes VGLUT3 is responsible for progressive deafness in two unrelated families. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the p.A211V mutation in cell cultures and in the CNS of a mutant mouse. The mutation substantially decreased VGLUT3 expression (-70%). We measured VGLUT3-p.A211V activity by vesicular uptake in BON cells, electrophysiological recording of isolated neurons, and its ability to stimulate serotonergic accumulation in cortical synaptic vesicles. Despite a marked loss of expression, the activity of the mutated isoform was only minimally altered. Furthermore, mutant mice displayed none of the behavioral alterations that have previously been reported in VGLUT3 knock-out mice. Finally, we used stimulated emission depletion microscopy to analyze how the mutation altered VGLUT3 distribution within the terminals of mice expressing the mutated isoform. The mutation appeared to reduce the expression of the VGLUT3 transporter by simultaneously decreasing the number of VGLUT3-positive synaptic vesicles and the amount of VGLUT3 per synapses. These observations suggested that VGLUT3 global activity is not linearly correlated with VGLUT3 expression. Furthermore, our data unraveled a nonuniform distribution of VGLUT3 in synaptic vesicles. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for this complex vesicular sorting will be critical to understand VGLUT's involvement in normal and pathological conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT VGLUT3 is an atypical member of the vesicular glutamate transporter family. A point mutation of VGLUT3 (VGLUT3-p.A211V) responsible for a progressive loss of hearing has been identified in humans. We observed that this mutation dramatically reduces VGLUT3 expression in terminals (∼70%) without altering its function. Furthermore, using stimulated emission depletion microscopy, we found that reducing the expression levels of VGLUT3 diminished the number of VGLUT3-positive vesicles at synapses. These unexpected findings challenge the vision of a uniform distribution of synaptic vesicles at synapses. Therefore, the overall activity of VGLUT3 is not proportional to the level of VGLUT3 expression. These data will be key in interpreting the role of VGLUTs in human pathologies.
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Schweizer N, Viereckel T, Smith-Anttila CJ, Nordenankar K, Arvidsson E, Mahmoudi S, Zampera A, Wärner Jonsson H, Bergquist J, Lévesque D, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Andersson M, Dumas S, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 Gene Expression Levels throughout the Mouse Subthalamic Nucleus Cause Cell Loss and Structural Disorganization Followed by Increased Motor Activity and Decreased Sugar Consumption. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0264-16.2016. [PMID: 27699212 PMCID: PMC5041164 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0264-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a central role in motor, cognitive, and affective behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN is the most common surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), and STN has lately gained attention as target for DBS in neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. Animal studies using STN-DBS, lesioning, or inactivation of STN neurons have been used extensively alongside clinical studies to unravel the structural organization, circuitry, and function of the STN. Recent studies in rodent STN models have exposed different roles for STN neurons in reward-related functions. We have previously shown that the majority of STN neurons express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene (Vglut2/Slc17a6) and that reduction of Vglut2 mRNA levels within the STN of mice [conditional knockout (cKO)] causes reduced postsynaptic activity and behavioral hyperlocomotion. The cKO mice showed less interest in fatty rewards, which motivated analysis of reward-response. The current results demonstrate decreased sugar consumption and strong rearing behavior, whereas biochemical analyses show altered dopaminergic and peptidergic activity in the striatum. The behavioral alterations were in fact correlated with opposite effects in the dorsal versus the ventral striatum. Significant cell loss and disorganization of the STN structure was identified, which likely accounts for the observed alterations. Rare genetic variants of the human VGLUT2 gene exist, and this study shows that reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 gene expression levels exclusively within the STN of mice is sufficient to cause strong modifications in both the STN and the mesostriatal dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schweizer
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Viereckel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Nordenankar
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Arvidsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Souha Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Hanna Wärner Jonsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, BMC - Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Malin Andersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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D'haene E, Jacobs EZ, Volders PJ, De Meyer T, Menten B, Vergult S. Identification of long non-coding RNAs involved in neuronal development and intellectual disability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28396. [PMID: 27319317 PMCID: PMC4913242 DOI: 10.1038/srep28396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of causal mutations in 16–31% of patients with intellectual disability (ID), leaving the underlying cause for many patients unidentified. In this context, the noncoding part of the human genome remains largely unexplored. For many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) a crucial role in neurodevelopment and hence the human brain is anticipated. Here we aimed at identifying lncRNAs associated with neuronal development and ID. Therefore, we applied an integrated genomics approach, harnessing several public epigenetic datasets. We found that the presence of neuron-specific H3K4me3 confers the highest specificity for genes involved in neurodevelopment and ID. Based on the presence of this feature and GWAS hits for CNS disorders, we identified 53 candidate lncRNA genes. Extensive expression profiling on human brain samples and other tissues, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicates that at least 24 of these lncRNAs are indeed implicated in processes such as synaptic transmission, nervous system development and neurogenesis. The bidirectional or antisense overlapping orientation relative to multiple coding genes involved in neuronal processes supports these results. In conclusion, we identified several lncRNA genes putatively involved in neurodevelopment and CNS disorders, providing a resource for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D'haene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Z Jacobs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Volders
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Dept. of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Basmanav FB, Forstner AJ, Fier H, Herms S, Meier S, Degenhardt F, Hoffmann P, Barth S, Fricker N, Strohmaier J, Witt SH, Ludwig M, Schmael C, Moebus S, Maier W, Mössner R, Rujescu D, Rietschel M, Lange C, Nöthen MM, Cichon S. Investigation of the role of TCF4 rare sequence variants in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:354-62. [PMID: 26010163 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is one of the most robust of all reported schizophrenia risk loci and is supported by several genetic and functional lines of evidence. While numerous studies have implicated common genetic variation at TCF4 in schizophrenia risk, the role of rare, small-sized variants at this locus-such as single nucleotide variants and short indels which are below the resolution of chip-based arrays requires further exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between rare TCF4 sequence variants and schizophrenia. Exon-targeted resequencing was performed in 190 German schizophrenia patients. Six rare variants at the coding exons and flanking sequences of the TCF4 gene were identified, including two missense variants and one splice site variant. These six variants were then pooled with nine additional rare variants identified in 379 European participants of the 1000 Genomes Project, and all 15 variants were genotyped in an independent German sample (n = 1,808 patients; n = 2,261 controls). These data were then analyzed using six statistical methods developed for the association analysis of rare variants. No significant association (P < 0.05) was found. However, the results from our association and power analyses suggest that further research into the possible involvement of rare TCF4 sequence variants in schizophrenia risk is warranted by the assessment of larger cohorts with higher statistical power to identify rare variant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buket Basmanav
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heide Fier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Sandra Barth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Fricker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Schmael
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainald Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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10
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Naert A, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Moechars D, Meert T, D'Hooge R. Vglut2 haploinsufficiency enhances behavioral sensitivity to MK-801 and amphetamine in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1316-21. [PMID: 21514350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed mouse models have implicated the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity, a behavioral assay that is often applied to evaluate mouse behavior related to positive schizophrenia (SCZ) symptomatology. In present research, we wanted to evaluate further the role of subtle VGLUT2 impairment as a factor underlying SCZ symptomatology. To this end, we evaluated Vglut2 haploinsufficient (Vglut2⁺/⁻) mice and their wildtype littermates in a test battery assessing behaviors related to positive, negative and cognitive SCZ symptom domains. We found in Vglut2⁺/⁻ mice an increased locomotor response to amphetamine and an increased sensitivity to the startle-disrupting effects of MK-801, but no impairment in sensorimotor gating. Further on, minor alterations in tests assessing cognitive and negative symptom-related behavior were observed. Possible neurobiological mechanisms of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Naert
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Cheng XR, Yang Y, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. Expression of VGLUTs contributes to degeneration and acquisition of learning and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 95:361-75. [PMID: 21295146 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), which include VGLUT1, VGLUT2 and VGLUT3, are responsible for the uploading of L-glutamate into synaptic vesicles. The expression pattern of VGLUTs determines the level of synaptic vesicle filling (i.e., glutamate quantal size) and directly influences glutamate receptors and glutamatergic synaptic transmission; thus, VGLUTs may play a key role in learning and memory in the central nervous system. To determine whether VGLUTs contribute to the degeneration or acquisition of learning and memory, we used an animal model for the age-related impairment of learning and memory, senescence-accelerated mouse/prone 8 (SAMP8). KM mice were divided into groups based on their learning and memory performance in a shuttle-box test. The expression of VGLUTs and synaptophysin (Syp) mRNA and protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were investigated with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. Our results demonstrate that, in the cerebral cortex, protein expression of VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VGLUT3 and Syp was decreased in SAMP8 with age and increased in KM mice, which displayed an enhanced capacity for learning and memory. The protein expression of VGLUT2 and Syp was decreased in the hippocampus of SAMP8 with aging. The expression level of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 proteins were highest in KM mouse group with a 76-100% avoidance score in the shuttle-box test. These data demonstrate that protein expression of VGLUT1, VGLUT2 and Syp decreases age-dependently in SAMP8 and increases in a learning- and memory-dependent manner in KM mice. Correlation analysis indicated the protein expression of VGLUT1, VGLUT2 and Syp has a positive correlation with the capacity of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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