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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The high mortality and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is maintained by poor diet. This narrative review summarizes recent literature to provide a reflection of current eating habits, dietary preferences, and nutritional status of SSD patients. Elucidating these factors provides new insights for potential lifestyle treatment strategies for SSD. RECENT FINDINGS Only 10.7% of the SSD patients had a healthy dietary pattern, against 23% of the general population. The dietic component of the Keeping the Body in Mind Xtend lifestyle program increased diet quality with 10% for young people with first-episode psychosis, compared to baseline, which was predominantly driven by increased vegetable variety and amounts. SUMMARY Recent findings render poor dietary habits as potential targets for treatment of SSD patients. Further studies into anti-inflammatory diets and associations with gut-brain biomarkers are warranted. When proven, structured and supervised diet interventions may help SSD patients escape from this entrapment, as only supplementing nutrients or providing dietary advice lacks the impact to significantly reduce the risk of chronic physical illnesses.
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Jáuregui A, Pacheco-Miranda S, Argumedo-García G, Marrón-Ponce JA, G.-Olvera A, Vargas-Meza J, Ayvar-Gama YY, Velázquez D, David Quezada A, Bonvecchio-Arenas A. Comprehensive evaluation of Salud Escolar a health school program in Mexico: Rationale, design and methods. Prev Med Rep 2022; 25:101662. [PMID: 35127349 PMCID: PMC8800016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Mexican children and adolescents is high (greater than 30%) and lifestyle behaviors are far from achieving health recommendations. Salud Escolar is a complex cross-sectoral multi-level policy-based program in Mexico aiming to support schoolchildren healthy behaviors. We describe the rationale, design and methods for the comprehensive evaluation of Salud Escolar during its first phase of implementation. Using a mixed-methods approach and the logic model of Salud Escolar as a guide, a comprehensive evaluation involving 3 types of evaluations was designed: 1) A design evaluation before program implementation, to determine the consistency between the design of Salud Escolar and the problem to be addressed (i.e., childhood obesity), 2) An implementation evaluation to assess potential execution bottlenecks, and 3) An outcomes evaluation, to measure short-term (i.e., knowledge, attitudes and practices related to healthy eating, drinking plain water and doing regular physical activity) and intermediate outcomes (i.e., fruit and vegetable intake, water consumption and daily moderate to vigorous physical activity). This evaluation will provide essential knowledge about program design and implementation processes, which are vital for drawing robust conclusions about the effectiveness of the program. Results and lessons learned from this comprehensive evaluation will provide evidence to improve Salud Escolar program and facilitate its upscaling process and may provide relevant information for school-based programs in other places sharing socio-contextual conditions.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- GEE, Generalized Estimating Equations
- HR, Hour
- IS, Implementation Science
- ISAT, ISCOLE School Audit Tool
- LMIC, Low-Middle Income Countries
- MIR, Results Indicators Matrix
- MVPA, Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
- Obesity
- PA, Physical activity
- Program evaluation
- SOFIT, System for Observing Fitness Time
- SSBs, Sugar sweetened beverages
- School-based intervention
- Schoolchildren
- TRM, Terms of Reference Model
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Selene Pacheco-Miranda
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Argumedo-García
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Joaquín A Marrón-Ponce
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Armando G.-Olvera
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vargas-Meza
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ylenia Yatziri Ayvar-Gama
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Daniel Velázquez
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Amado David Quezada
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys, Research National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Anabelle Bonvecchio-Arenas
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Costa R, Teasdale S, Abreu S, Bastos T, Probst M, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Corredeira R. Dietary Intake, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle-Related Factors in People with Schizophrenia. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:851-860. [PMID: 31339786 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1642426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary intake of both inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia in the Portuguese population as a potential key contributing factor to the poor physical health profiles, and understand the relationship of diet quality to other lifestyle factors. Participants of this cross-sectional study completed a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was determined by adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. In addition participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short-Form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Tobacco smoking was assessed through a series of general questions. A total of 100 patients (50% inpatients and 28% female) with schizophrenia were included in the final analysis. Patients reported a high consumption of caffeine, while deficits were evident for fibre and folate intakes, when compared to the European Food Safety Authority recommendations. Both inpatients and outpatients reported poor to moderate diet quality. Smokers reported poorer diet quality when compared to non-smokers (p < 0.001). Dietary intake, and its relationship to other lifestyle components, should be considered for intervention, in order to improve physical health of people living with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Scott Teasdale
- Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District , Bondi Junction , Australia.,School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney , Australia
| | - Sandra Abreu
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tânia Bastos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI , Maia , Portugal
| | - Michel Probst
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney , Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney , Randwick , Australia
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney , Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District & Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research , Liverpool , Australia
| | - Rui Corredeira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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