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Fernandes C, Jesudoss M N, Nizam A, Krishna SBN, Lakshmaiah VV. Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by the Extract of Terminalia catappa Fruit Pericarp and Its Multifaceted Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39315-39328. [PMID: 37901498 PMCID: PMC10601049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were biosynthesized by using the pericarp aqueous extract from Terminalia catappa Linn. These NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and XRD studies of the nanoparticles reported mean size as 12.58 nm nanocrystals with highest purity. Further SEM analysis emphasized the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape. The functional groups responsible for capping and stabilizing the NPs were identified with FTIR studies. DLS studies of the synthesized NPs reported ζ potential as -10.1 mV and exhibited stable colloidal solution. These characterized ZnO-NPs were evaluated for various biological applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, genotoxic, biocompatibility, and larvicidal studies. To explore its multidimensional application in the field of medicine. NPs reported a potential antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 200 μg/mL against bacterial strains in the decreasing order of Streptococcus pyogenes > Streptococcus aureus > Streptococcus typhi > Streptococcus aeruginosa and against the fungi Candida albicans. In vitro studies of RBC hemolysis with varying concentrations of NPs confirm their biocompatibility with IC50 value of 211.4 μg/mL. The synthesized NPs' DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined to extend their antioxidant applications. The antiproliferation and genetic toxicity were studied with meristematic cells of Allium cepa reported with mitotic index (MI index) of 1.2% at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. NPs exhibited excellent Larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with the highest mortality rate as 98% at 4 mg/L. Our findings elicit the therapeutic potentials of the synthesized zinc oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannon
Antony Fernandes
- Department
of Life Sciences. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Nameeta Jesudoss M
- Department
of Life Sciences. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department
of Chemistry. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Technology. Durban
University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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2
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Jha S, Rani R, Singh S. Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1-16. [PMID: 37359387 PMCID: PMC10118236 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has inscribed novel perception into the material science and one of the most extensively used nanomaterials is Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with healthcare and biomedical applications. Because of its outstanding biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost, ZnO NPs have become one of the most prominent metal oxide NPs in biological applications. This review highlights the different aspects of ZnO NPs, like their green synthesis as a substitute of conventional route due to avoidance of threat of hazardous, costly precursors and subsequent mostly therapeutic applications. Due to their wide bandwidth and high excitation binding energy, ZnO NPs have undergone extensive research. In addition to their potential applications as antibiotics, antioxidants, anti-diabetics, and cytotoxic agents, ZnO NPs also hold a promising future as an antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Zn has antiviral properties and may be effective against a variety of respiratory virus species, particularly SARS-CoV-2. This review includes a variety of topics, including the virus's structural properties, an overview of infection mechanism, and current COVID-19 treatments. Nanotechnology-based techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Ritu Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
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3
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Kumar Mandal R, Ghosh S, Pal Majumder T. Comparative study between degradation of dyes (MB, MO) in monotonous and binary solution employing synthesized bimetallic (Fe-CdO) NPs having antioxidant property. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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4
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Mutukwa D, Taziwa RT, Khotseng L. Antibacterial and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Using Lamiaceae-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12244469. [PMID: 36558321 PMCID: PMC9785588 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plant extracts has been receiving tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. The Lamiaceae plant family is one of the largest herbal families in the world and is famous for its aromatic and polyphenolic biomolecules that can be utilised as reducing and stabilising agents during the synthesis of ZnO NPs. This review will go over the synthesis and how synthesis parameters affect the Lamiaceae-derived ZnO NPs. The Lamiaceae-mediated ZnO NPs have been utilised in a variety of applications, including photocatalysis, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, solar cells, and so on. Owing to their optical properties, ZnO NPs have emerged as potential catalysts for the photodegradation of organic dyes from wastewater. Furthermore, the low toxicity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity of ZnO against various bacteria have led to the application of ZnO NPs as antibacterial agents. Thus, this review will focus on the application of Lamiaceae-mediated ZnO NPs for the photodegradation of organic dyes and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Mutukwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd., Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Raymond T. Taziwa
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Old King William Town Road, Potsdam Site, East London 5200, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Khotseng
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd., Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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5
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Yusof HM, Rahman NA, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Samsudin AA. Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: Desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Chinnathambi A, Ali Alharbi S, Joshi D, Lenin H. Anticancer and Free Radical Scavenging Competence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aqueous Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus acidus. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9493816. [PMID: 38623354 PMCID: PMC11018370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9493816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesizing efficiency of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus acidus. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of synthesized ZnONPs were also investigated through the in-vitro approach. The obtained results show that the aqueous extract of P. acidus can synthesize ZnONPs, as evidenced by a sharp absorbance peak at 375 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the aqueous extract contained significant numbers of functional groups, which were involved in reducing zinc nitrate into ZnONPs. Also, they participate in the capping and stabilization of synthesized ZnONPs and their size ranged from 27.14-35.74 nm with a spherical shape . The results obtained in ABTS radical scavenging activity 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroxyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 2,2'-Azino-Bis(3-ethylbenzene thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays declared has excellent in-vitro radicals scavenging activity with reasonable IC50 values. Interestingly, these green synthesized ZnONPs have an excellent anticancer activity against human epidermoid carcinoma (Hep3) cell line in an in-vitro approach. These findings imply that an aqueous leaf extract of P. acidus can be used to synthesize pharmaceutically valuable ZnONPs. To consider such nanomaterials as potential therapeutic agents, optimization and in-vivo biomedical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Haiter Lenin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, WOLLO University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
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Effect of Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on Bacteria and the Root-Knot Nematode. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3973841. [PMID: 35979185 PMCID: PMC9377944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3973841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematode was examined using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) made from strawberries. The biologically synthesized MgO-NPs were characterized by UV, SEM, FTIR, EDS, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Nanoparticles (NPs) were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and shown to be spherical to hexagonal nanoparticles with an average size of 100 nm. MgO-NPs were tested on the root-knot nematode M. incognita (Meloidogynidae) and the plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. The synthesized MgO-NPs showed a significant inhibition of R. solanacearum and the root-knot nematode. MgO-NPs cause mortality and inhibit egg hatching of second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita under the in vitro assay. This study aims to examine the biological activity of biogenic MgO-NPs. The findings marked that MgO-NPs may be utilized to manage R. solanacearum and M. incognita and develop effective nematicides. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of MgO-NPs was determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH).
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Kotakadi VS, Gaddam SA, Kotha P, Allagadda R, Rao Ch. A, D. V. R. SG. Bio-inspired multifunctional zinc oxide nanoparticles by leaf extract of Andrographis serpilifolia and their enhanced antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activity—a 3-in-1 system. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2021.1966145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peddana Kotha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Appa Rao Ch.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Sai Gopal D. V. R.
- DST-PURSE Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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9
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Dey A, Somaiah S. Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of
Thryallis glauca
(
Cav.
) Kuntze and their role as antioxidant and antibacterial. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2835-2847. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Dey
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | - Sundarapandian Somaiah
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry India
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10
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Ssekatawa K, Byarugaba DK, Angwe MK, Wampande EM, Ejobi F, Nxumalo E, Maaza M, Sackey J, Kirabira JB. Phyto-Mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Photocatalytic Performances. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:820218. [PMID: 35252130 PMCID: PMC8889028 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.820218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge of the current generation and generations to come is antimicrobial resistance, as different pathogenic bacteria have continuously evolved to become resistant to even the most recently synthesized antibiotics such as carbapenems. Resistance to carbapenems limits the therapeutic options of MDR infections as they are the only safe and effective drugs recommended to treat such infections. This scenario has complicated treatment outcomes, even to the commonest bacterial infections. Repeated attempts to develop other approaches have been made. The most promising novel therapeutic option is the use of nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study examined the efficacy of Camellia sinensis extract (CSE) and Prunus africana bark extract (PAE) green synthesized Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) against carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the photocatalytic and antioxidant activities of CuONPs were evaluated to determine the potential of using them in a wide range of applications. CuONPs were biosynthesized by CSE and PAE. UV vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. CuONPs susceptibility tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. The photocatalytic and antioxidant activities of the CuONPs were determined by the methylene blue and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, respectively. UV vis absorbance spectra registered surface plasmon resonance peaks between 272 and 286 nm, confirming the presence of CuONPs. The XRD array had nine strong peaks at 2θ values typical of CuONPs. FTIR spectra exhibited bands associated with organic functional groups confirming capping and functionalization of the CuONPs by the phytochemicals. DLS analysis registered a net zeta potential of +12.5 mV. SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical and clustered with a mean diameter of 6 nm. Phytosynthesized CuONPs exhibited the highest growth suppression zones of 30 mm with MIC ranging from 30 to 125 μg/ml against MDR bacteria. Furthermore, the CuONPs achieved a methylene blue dye photocatalysis degradation efficiency of 85.5% and a free radical scavenging activity of 28.8%. PAE and CSE successfully bio-reduced copper ions to the nanoscale level with potent antimicrobial, photocatalysis, and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ssekatawa
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin Kamilo Angwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ejobi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edward Nxumalo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juliet Sackey
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Baptist Kirabira
- Africa Center of Excellence in Materials, Product Development and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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11
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Gharpure S, Yadwade R, Ankamwar B. Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1914-1933. [PMID: 35071882 PMCID: PMC8771956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As traditional cancer therapy is toxic to both normal and cancer cells, there is a need for newer approaches to specifically target cancer cells. ZnO nanoparticles can be promising due their biocompatible nature. However, ZnO nanoparticles have also shown cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in some cases, because of which there is a need for newer synthesis approaches for biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles to be used as carrier molecules in drug delivery applications. Here, we report the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using different plant parts (leaf, seed, and seed coat) of Bixa orellana followed by different characterizations. The UV-visible spectra of ZnO showed absorption maxima at 341 and 353 nm, 378 and 373 nm, and 327 and 337 nm, respectively, before and after calcination corresponding to the band gap energy of 3.636 and 3.513 eV, 3.280 and 3.324 eV, and 3.792 and 3.679 eV for L-ZnO, S-ZnO, and Sc-ZnO, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structures. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra revealed the presence of stretching vibrations of C-C, C=C, C=O, and NH3 + groups along with C-H deformation involving biomolecules from extracts responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed spherical and almond-like morphologies of L-ZnO and Sc-ZnO with spherical morphologies, whereas S-ZnO showed almond-like morphologies. The presence of antibacterial activity was observed in L-ZnO against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, in S-ZnO nanoparticles only against Escherichia coli, and in Sc-ZnO only against Staphylococcus aureus. Uncalcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed weak antibacterial activities, whereas calcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed a non-antibacterial nature. The antifungal activity against different fungi (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani) and cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cells were not observed before and after calcination in all three ZnO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial nature and biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles were influenced by different parameters of the nanoparticles along with microorganisms and the human cells. Non-antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles can be treated as a pre-requisite for its biocompatibility due to its inert nature. Thus, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed a nontoxic nature, which can be exploited as promising alternatives in biomedical applications.
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Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on Casuarina equisetifolia-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111977. [PMID: 34834392 PMCID: PMC8622962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a simple, safe, sustainable, reliable and eco-friendly protocol. Among different types of NPs, green-synthesized zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) show various promising biological uses due to their interesting magnetic, electrical, optical and chemical characteristics. Keeping in view the dependence of the therapeutic efficacy of NPs on their physico-chemical characteristics, the green synthesis of ZnONPs using Casuarina equisetifolia leaf extract under UV-A and UV-C light was carried out in this study. UV-irradiation helped to control the size and morphology of ZnONPs by exciting the electrons in the photoactive compounds of plant extracts to enhance the bio-reduction of ZnO into ZnONPs. C. equisetifolia leaf extract was found enriched with phenolic (2.47 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (0.88 ± 0.28 mg QE/g DW) contributing to its 74.33% free-radical scavenging activity. FTIR spectra showed the involvement of polyphenols in the bio-reduction, stabilization and capping of ZnONPs. Moreover, SEM-EDX and XRD analyses showed great potential of UV-C light in yielding smaller (34–39 nm) oval-shaped ZnONPs, whereas UV-A irradiation resulted in the formation of fairly spherical 67–71 nm ZnONPs and control ZnONPs were of mixed shape and even larger size (84–89 nm). Green-synthesized ZnONPs, notably CE-UV-C-ZnONPs, showed promising anti-bacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, ZnONPs also enhanced ROS production which led to a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspase-3 gene expression and caspase-3/7 activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. CE-UV-C-ZnONP treatment reduced HepG2 cell viability to as low as 36.97% owing to their unique shape and smaller size. Lastly, ZnONPs were found to be highly biocompatible towards brine shrimp and human red blood cells suggesting their bio-safe nature. This research study sheds light on the plausible role of UV radiation in the green synthesis of ZnONPs with reasonable control over their size and morphology, thus improving their biological efficacy.
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Murali M, Kalegowda N, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Shilpa N, Singh SB, Thriveni MC, Aiyaz M, Angaswamy N, Lakshmidevi N, Adil SF, Hatshan MR, Amruthesh KN. Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1662. [PMID: 34683954 PMCID: PMC8540056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn2+) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles' research and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Hittanahallikoppal G. Gowtham
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sudarshana B. Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraju Angaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Syed F. Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Mohammad R. Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
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Murali M, Anandan S, Ansari MA, Alzohairy MA, Alomary MN, Asiri SMM, Almatroudi A, Thriveni MC, Singh SB, Gowtham HG, Aiyaz M, Srinivasa C, Urooj A, Amruthesh KN. Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Phyto-Fabricated from the Obscure Morning Glory Plant Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. Molecules 2021; 26:891. [PMID: 33567661 PMCID: PMC7915295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potentialities of phyto-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract. The UV-visible spectral analysis of the ZnO-NPs showed an absorption peak at 304 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.54 eV, which are characteristics of zinc nanoparticles. Moreover, the particles were of nano-size (~24.26 nm) with 88.11% purity and were agglomerated as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs offered radical scavenging activity (RSA) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.45 mg mL-1. In addition, the genotoxicity studies of ZnO-NPs carried out on onion root tips revealed that the particles were able to significantly inhibit the cell division at the mitotic stage with a mitotic index of 39.49%. Further, the cytotoxic studies on HT-29 cells showed that the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs could arrest the cell division as early as in the G0/G1 phase (with 92.14%) with 73.14% cells showing early apoptotic symptoms after 24 h of incubation. The results of the study affirm the ability of phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs from aqueous leaf extract of I. obscura is beneficial in the cytotoxic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Satish Anandan
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.U.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar 563101, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (S.B.S.); (H.G.G.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (S.B.S.); (H.G.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Chandrashekar Srinivasa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India;
| | - Asna Urooj
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (S.A.); (A.U.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India;
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Fierascu I, Fierascu IC, Brazdis RI, Baroi AM, Fistos T, Fierascu RC. Phytosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles-between Nanomedicine and Toxicology. A Brief Review of 2019's Findings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E574. [PMID: 31991830 PMCID: PMC7040630 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytosynthesized nanoparticles represent a continuously increasing field of research, with numerous studies published each year. However, with the emerging interest in this area, the quality of the published works is also continuously increasing, switching from routine antioxidant or antimicrobial studies on trivial microbial lines to antibiotic-resistant strains or antitumoral studies. However, this increasing interest has not been not reflected in the studies regarding the toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs); this should be a subject of greatest interest, as the increasing administration of NPs in general (and phytosynthesized NPs in particular) could lead to their accumulation in the environment (soil, water and living organisms). The present review aims to present the most recent findings in the application of phytosynthesized NPs as antimicrobial and antitumoral agents, as well as the results regarding their toxicological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.I.B.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioana Catalina Fierascu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu Str., 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Zentiva Romania S.A., 50 Theodor Pallady Blvd., 032266 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Ioana Brazdis
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.I.B.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Anda Maria Baroi
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.I.B.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Toma Fistos
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.I.B.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.I.B.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.)
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