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Naiel MAE, Abd El-Hameed SAA, Ahmed AI, Ismaiel NEM. The effect of dietary administration of Saussurea lappa root on performance, blood biochemical indices, redox status, innate immune response, intestinal microbial population and resistance against A. hydrophila infections of Tilapia Fingerlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38851860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to identify the influence of dietary Saussurea lappa root (SLR) on the performance and general health status of Nile Tilapia fingerlings (O. niloticus). Four formulated diets with different SLR levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively, were afforded to fingerling fish (15.42 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. The feed efficiency ratio (FER), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio varied with dietary SLR level in a linear model and a high feed efficiency rate was recorded at the 10 g/kg group, while FI and FCR exhibited an opposite trend (P < 0.001). Dietary SLR level influenced serum protein constituents, liver and renal function enzymes, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose (P < 0.001). Serum Catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkedly increased with dietary SLR level and attained a level at 10 g/kg. Furthermore, serum lysozyme, complement C3 (C3), IgA and IgD were stimulated by 10 g/kg SLR. Intestinal digestive enzymes (lipase and amylase) increased with SLR level up to 10 g/kg. As the dietary SLR level raised, the cumulative survival percentage aginst A. hydrophila challenge increased and then reached a maximum at 10 g/kg SLR group. Moreover, gene expression of pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-2a, IL-1β, and IL-10) in liver and kidney transcriptomes demonstrated effective immunostimulant capabilities of greater SLR inclusion levels in fish diet. Meanwhile, intestinal microbial investigation, revealed that high levels of SLR in tilapia fish feed significantly suppressed total bacterial count, and pathogenic bacterial count (such as, E. coli, Coliform, Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp.), and stimulated lactic acid bacteria development. Finally, it is recommended to include a high level of SLR (5 or 10 g/kg) in the diet of O. niloticus fingerlings to enhance feed efficiency, antioxidant characteristics, and immunological response against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah A A Abd El-Hameed
- Fish health and diseases Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany I Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla E M Ismaiel
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Khalil RH, Shehata AI. Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109493. [PMID: 38461877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Nasirin C, Najm MAA, Chen TC, Dhamija A, Lionardo A, Bokov DO, Shahbazi Naserabad S. The protective effects of quercetin on the physiological responses in malathion-exposed common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:22. [PMID: 36547736 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on the biochemical parameters, immunity, and growth performance in malathion-exposed common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The methods six experimental groups, including the control group, fish exposed to concentrations of 1.04 and 2.08 mg/l malathion, fish supplemented with quercetin (200 mg/kg diet), and fish treated with quercetin + malathion for 21 days, were considered for the experiment. After the feeding period, in results the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly decreased in the hepatocyte, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in response to malathion. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and glucose, cortisol, and urea levels significantly increased after exposure to malathion. Exposure of fish to malathion-induced decreases in protease, lysozyme, and alternative complement (ACH50) activities and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) in the mucosa. Changes in other parameters were different depending on malathion concentrations. The supplementation of fish with quercetin had no ameliorating effect on the malathion-related alternations of mucosal lysozyme and protease activities. However, quercetin ameliorated the depressing effects of malathion on biochemical and immunological parameters. Changes in the growth performance and hematological parameters indicated the toxic effect of malathion. In conclusion, quercetin could efficiently reduce the toxic effects of malathion on the biochemical, immune, and hematological parameters of the common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Tzu-Chia Chen
- CAIC, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky Pr, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
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Ettehad-Marvasti F, Ejtahed HS, Siadat SD, Soroush AR, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B. Effect of garlic extract on weight loss and gut microbiota composition in obese women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007506. [PMID: 36352899 PMCID: PMC9638143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective From a nutritional perspective, garlic extract could be a prebiotic product, which is useful for obese subjects, and one of its health-promoting underlying mechanisms is modulating gut microbiota composition. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, the goal was to determine the effect of Allium (garlic extract) on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in obese women following a low-calorie diet. Materials and methods Forty-three obese women were randomly divided into garlic extract (400 mg Allium sativum powder containing 1,100 mcg allicin/tablet) or placebo groups. During the 2 months of the study, each participant took two tablets per day. At the beginning and at the end of the clinical trial, anthropometric measurements were done and blood and fecal samples were collected. We evaluated the gut microbiota composition using quantitative real-time PCR. Results In total, 16 subjects in each group completed the 2-month trial. Allium and placebo groups’ participants had mean ages of 37.8 ± 7.4 and 34.2 ± 6.8 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Baseline body mass index (BMI) was significantly different between groups, subjects in the placebo group had lower BMI compared with the Allium group (P < 0.05). Allium and placebo caused a 1.7% and 2.7% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Fasting insulin level significantly decreased in the both groups (P < 0.01). Level of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) has decreased significantly in the Allium group (P = 0.007). The frequency of Akkermansia had decreasing trend while the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium showed increasing trend in the Allium group. Conclusion In the both groups, a decrease in BMI and other anthropometric indices has been observed. Despite weight loss after following a low-calorie diet and taking Allium, slight changes have been shown in the composition of gut microbiota in obese women. Trial registration This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT090420001825N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ettehad-Marvasti
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed,
| | | | - Ahmad-Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar,
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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