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Nam US, Suh HN, Sung SK, Seo C, Lee JH, Lee JY, Kim S, Lee J. Rapid and High-Density Antibody Immobilization Using Electropolymerization of Pyrrole for Highly Sensitive Immunoassay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30611-30621. [PMID: 38857116 PMCID: PMC11194765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy) is a biologically compatible polymer that is used as a matrix, in which drugs and enzymes can be incorporated by doping. Here, we suggest an inventive application of Ppy as a biorecognition film encapsulated with an antibody (Ab) as an alternative strategy for the on-site multistep functionalization of thiol-based self-assembled monolayers. The fabrication steps of the recognition films were followed by dropping pyrrole and Ab mixed solutions onto the electrode and obtaining a thin film by direct current electropolymerization. The efficiency of Ab immobilization was studied by using fluorescence microscopy and electrochemical (EC) methods. Finally, the Ab density was increased and immobilized in 1 min, and the sensing performance as an EC immunosensor was demonstrated using α-fetoprotein with a limit of detection of 3.13 pg/mL and sensing range from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL. This study demonstrates the potential for electrochemical functionalization of biomolecules with high affinity and rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- USun Nam
- Department
of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Suh
- Korea
Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Sung
- Digital
Healthcare Research Center, Gumi Electronics
and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, Republic
of Korea
| | - ChaeWon Seo
- Department
of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department
of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Institute
for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- The Laboratory
of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54531, Republic
of Korea
| | - SangHee Kim
- Department
of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - JuKyung Lee
- Digital
Healthcare Research Center, Gumi Electronics
and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, Republic
of Korea
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Dembaremba TO, Majodina S, Walmsley RS, Ogunlaja AS, Tshentu ZR. Perspectives on strategies for improving ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid fuels through hydrotreatment: Catalyst improvement and feedstock pre-treatment. Front Chem 2022; 10:807225. [PMID: 35936099 PMCID: PMC9354497 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.807225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliance on crude oil remains high while the transition to green and renewable sources of fuel is still slow. Developing and strengthening strategies for reducing sulfur emissions from crude oil is therefore imperative and makes it possible to sustainably meet stringent regulatory sulfur level legislations in end-user liquid fuels (mostly less than 10 ppm). The burden of achieving these ultra-low sulfur levels has been passed to fuel refiners who are battling to achieve ultra-deep desulfurization through conventional hydroprocessing technologies. Removal of refractory sulfur-containing compounds has been cited as the main challenge due to several limitations with the current hydroprocessing catalysts. The inhibitory effects of nitrogen-containing compounds (especially the basic ones) is one of the major concerns. Several advances have been made to develop better strategies for achieving ultra-deep desulfurization and these include: improving hydroprocessing infrastructure, improving hydroprocessing catalysts, having additional steps for removing refractory sulfur-containing compounds and improving the quality of feedstocks. Herein, we provide perspectives that emphasize the importance of further developing hydroprocessing catalysts and pre-treating feedstocks to remove nitrogen-containing compounds prior to hydroprocessing as promising strategies for sustainably achieving ultra-deep hydroprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendai O. Dembaremba
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
| | - Siphumelele Majodina
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
| | - Ryan S. Walmsley
- Research and Development Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Zenixole R. Tshentu
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
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Reville EK, Sylvester EH, Benware SJ, Negi SS, Berda EB. Customizable molecular recognition: advancements in design, synthesis, and application of molecularly imprinted polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01472b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are unlocking the door to synthetic materials that are capable of molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn K. Reville
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 03824, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Sarah J. Benware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 54706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shreeya S. Negi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 93410, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 03824, Durham, NH, USA
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