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Pramadewandaru RK, Lee YW, Hong JW. Synergistic effect of bimetallic Pd-Pt nanocrystals for highly efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalysts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27046-27053. [PMID: 37693086 PMCID: PMC10486200 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanocrystals (NCs) with controlled compositional and distributional structures have gained increasing attention due to their unique properties and broad applications, particularly in fuel cell systems. However, despite the significant importance of composition in metal NCs and their electrocatalytic behavior, comprehensive investigations into the relationship between atomic distribution and electrocatalytic activity remain scarce. In this study, we present the development of four types of nanocubes with similar sizes and controlled compositions (Pd-Pt alloy, Pd@Pt core-shell, Pd, and Pt) to investigate their influence on electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The electrocatalytic activity and stability of these nanocubes exhibited variations based on their compositional structures, potentially affecting the interaction between the surface-active sites of the nanocrystals and reactive molecules. As a result, leveraging the synergistic effect of their alloy nanostructure, the Pd-Pt alloy nanocubes exhibited exceptional performance in MOR, surpassing the catalytic activity of other nanocubes, including Pd@Pt core-shell nanocubes, monometallic Pd and Pt nanocubes, as well as commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Wook Lee
- Department of Education Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan Ulsan 44776 Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhang Z, Yang G, Wang H, Cao Y, Peng F, Yu H. Controllable Surfactant‐free Synthesis of Colloidal Platinum Nanocuboids Enabled by Bromide Ions and Carbon Monoxide. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhan Zhang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guangxing Yang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yonghai Cao
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Feng Peng
- Guangzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hao Yu
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 381 Wushan Rd. 510640 Guangzhou CHINA
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3
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Wang TJ, Sun HY, Xue Q, Zhong MJ, Li FM, Tian X, Chen P, Yin SB, Chen Y. Holey platinum nanotubes for ethanol electrochemical reforming in aqueous solution. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2079-2089. [PMID: 36654266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic/electrocatalytic performance of platinum (Pt) nanostructures highly relates to their morphology. Herein, we propose a facile self-template pyrolysis strategy at high temperature to synthesize one-dimensionally holey Pt nanotubes (Pt-hNTs) using PtII-dimethylglyoxime complex (PtII-DMG) nanorods as the reaction precursor. The coordination capability of DMG results in the generation of PtII-DMG nanorods, whereas the reducibility of DMG at high temperature leads to the reduction of PtII species in PtII-DMG nanorods. During the reaction process, the inside-out Ostwald ripening phenomenon leads to the hollow morphology of Pt-hNTs. Benefiting from the physical characteristics of hollow and holey structure, Pt-hNTs with clean surface show superior electroactivity and durability for catalyzing ethanol electrooxidation as well as hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media. Under optimized experimental conditions, the constructed symmetric Pt-hNTs||Pt-hNTs ethanol electrolyzer only requires an electrolysis voltage of 0.40 V to achieve the electrochemical hydrogen production, demonstrating a highly energy saving strategy relative to traditional water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hui-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fu-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xinlong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Shi-Bin Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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4
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Tong Y, Yan X, Liang J, Dou SX. Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electro-Oxidation: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1904126. [PMID: 31608601 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are among the most promising portable power supplies because of their unique advantages, including high energy density/mobility of liquid fuels, low working temperature, and low emission of pollutants. Various metal-based anode catalysts have been extensively studied and utilized for the essential methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) due to their superior electrocatalytic performance. At present, especially with the rapid advance of nanotechnology, enormous efforts have been exerted to further enhance the catalytic performance and minimize the use of precious metals. Constructing multicomponent metal-based nanocatalysts with precisely designed structures can achieve this goal by providing highly tunable compositional and structural characteristics, which is promising for the modification and optimization of their related electrochemical properties. The recent advances of metal-based electrocatalytic materials with rationally designed nanostructures and chemistries for MOR in DMFCs are highlighted and summarized herein. The effects of the well-defined nanoarchitectures on the improved electrochemical properties of the catalysts are illustrated. Finally, conclusive perspectives are provided on the opportunities and challenges for further refining the nanostructure of metal-based catalysts and improving electrocatalytic performance, as well as the commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyu Tong
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiao Yan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Ji Liang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Peres L, Axet MR, Yi D, Serp P, Soulantica K. Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde by unsupported and few layer graphene supported platinum concave nanocubes exposing {110} facets stabilized by a long-chain amine. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Yuda A, Ashok A, Kumar A. A comprehensive and critical review on recent progress in anode catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1802811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afdhal Yuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anchu Ashok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Song T, Gao F, Zhang Y, Chen C, Wang C, Li S, Shang H, Du Y. Efficient polyalcohol oxidation electrocatalysts enabled by PtM (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) nanocubes surrounded by (200) crystal facets. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9842-9848. [PMID: 32342072 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high-density (200) crystal planes and abundant active sites, cubic platinum nanomaterials have become outstanding electrocatalysts in promoting fuel cell reactions. However, because of the fact that the facet-controlled synthesis is difficult, it is still a grand challenge to synthesize a sequence of Pt-based nanocubes via a universal method. Herein, we report a general and simple eco-friendly solvothermal method to prepare (200)-enclosed PtM nanocubes. Different from the other nanomaterials, nanocubes are conducive to mass transfer. Moreover, the synergistic and electronic effects between M and Pt are profitable to improve the utilization of precious metals. We used (200)-encapsulated nanocrystals to evaluate their electrocatalytic performance towards glycerol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions in an alkaline medium. In particular, Pt4Co nanocubes showed superior mass activities in glycerol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions, which are 6.2- and 5.0-fold higher than those obtained for commercial Pt/C catalysts, respectively. Meanwhile, Pt4M catalysts manifested excellent stability in the endurance test, which is attributed to the alloying effect promoting the electrooxidation of intermediates. Our study provides an ideal method for the construction of Pt-based bimetallic nanocubes, which can be used for anode reactions of polyol fuel cells and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Yangping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Shujin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Hongyuan Shang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
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Kim HJ, Ahn YD, Kim J, Kim KS, Jeong YU, Hong JW, Choi SI. Surface elemental distribution effect of Pt-Pb hexagonal nanoplates for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hu C, Chen Z, Han F, Lin Z, Yang X. Surface engineering of ultrasmall supported Pd xBi nanoalloys with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for selective alcohol oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13566-13569. [PMID: 31650993 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall and homogeneous bimetallic PdxBi nanoalloys are well distributed on a Vulcan carbon support by a facile, low-cost synthetic strategy. The electrochemical activity of the as-prepared homogeneous PdxBi nanoalloy/carbon black nanocomposites is closely related to the content of Bi, revealing their excellent electrocatalytic performance for selective oxidation of monohydric alcohols and vicinal diols in alkali medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyao Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fengyan Han
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Zixia Lin
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
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10
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Hong Y, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Kim J, Choi SI. Ni(OH) 2 Decorated Pt-Cu Octahedra for Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction. Front Chem 2019; 7:608. [PMID: 31552225 PMCID: PMC6733919 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of 9 nm Ni(OH)2 decorated Pt-Cu octahedra (Ni(OH)2-PtCu) in one-pot synthesis for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) electrocatalysis in acidic electrolyte. To prepare Ni(OH)2-PtCu octahedra, CO gas was directly introduced in a reaction process as selective capping agents on the PtCu(111) facet. Ni(OH)2 was naturally deposited on the Pt-Cu octahedra during the synthesis. Carbon supported Ni(OH)2-PtCu (Ni(OH)2-PtCu/C) as an EOR catalyst showed enhanced CO tolerance due to the existence of oxophilic Ni(OH)2 on the surface of Pt-Cu, facilitating water dissolution to produce OH adsorption and to promote complete CO oxidation to CO2. In addition, Pt-Cu alloy composition also showed improvement of CO tolerance because of modified d-band structure of the Pt atoms, thereby weakening the binding strength of CO on the catalysts. Therefore, the Ni(OH)2-PtCu/C showed enhanced EOR activity and durability compared to the Pt-Cu octahedra and commercial Pt/C counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sang-Il Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Park J, Kim HJ, Oh A, Kwon T, Baik H, Choi SI, Lee K. RuO x-decorated multimetallic hetero-nanocages as highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the methanol oxidation reaction. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21178-21185. [PMID: 30417184 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct methanol fuel cell technology awaits the development of highly efficient and robust nanocatalysts driving the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in a CO poisoning-free fashion. Thus far, various Pt-based alloy nanoparticles have been studied as electrocatalysts toward the MOR, and it has been found that the introduction of dopants such as Ru and Cu to Pt has been particularly successful in mitigating the CO poisoning problem. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of Ru-branched RuPtCu nanocages that involves in situ formation of Ru-doped PtCu nanoparticles and subsequent outgrowth of Ru branches by insertion of additional Ru precursors. We show that the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ru branched RuPtCu ternary nanocages toward the MOR are greatly improved compared to those of PtCu/C and RuPtCu/C counterparts and state-of-the-art PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, mainly due to the synergy between the CO-tolerant RuOx phase and the highly open and robust RuPtCu nanoframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsik Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Shang X, Dong B, Chai YM, Liu CG. In-situ electrochemical activation designed hybrid electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:853-876. [PMID: 36658965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Developing transition metal-based electrocatalysts with rich active sites for water electrolysis plays important roles in renewable energy fields. So far, some strategies including designing nanostructures, incorporating conductive support or foreign elements have been adopted to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we summarize recent progresses and propose in-situ electrochemical activation as a new pretreating technique for enhanced catalytic performances. The activation techniques mainly comprise facile electrochemical processes such as anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, etching, lithium-assisted tuning and counter electrode electro-dissolution. During these electrochemical treatments, the catalyst surfaces are modified from bulk phase, which can tune local electronic structures, create more active species, enlarge surface area and thus improve the catalytic performances. Meanwhile, this technique can couple the atomic, electronic structures with electrocatalysis mechanisms for water splitting. Compared to traditional chemical treatment, the in-situ electrochemical activation techniques have superior advantages such as facile operation, mild environment, variable control, high efficiency and flexibility. This review may provide guidance for improving water electrolysis efficiencies and hold promising for application in many other energy-conversion fields such as supercapacitors, fuel cells and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Gu Z, Li S, Xiong Z, Xu H, Gao F, Du Y. Rapid synthesis of platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed on carbon support as improved electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 521:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Q, Du G, Dong Y, Cao Z, Xie Z, Zheng L. Surfactant dependent evolution of Au-Pd alloy nanocrystals from trisoctahedron to excavated rhombic dodecahedron and multipod: a matter of crystal growth kinetics. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1359-1364. [PMID: 36659370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In wet chemical syntheses of noble metal nanocrystals, surfactants play crucial roles in regulating their morphology. To date, more attention has been paid to the effect of the surfactant on the surface energy of crystal facets, while less attention has been paid to its effect on the growth kinetics. In this paper, using the growth of Au-Pd alloy nanocrystals as an example, we demonstrate that different concentration of surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) may cause the different packing density of CTA+ bilayers on different sites (face, edge or vertex) of crystallite surface, which would change the crystal growth kinetics and result in preferential crystal growth along the edge or vertex of crystallites. The unique shape evolution from trisoctahedron to excavated rhombic dodecahedron and multipod structure for Au-Pd alloy nanocrystals was successfully achieved by simply adjusting the concentration of CTAC. These results help to understand the effect of surfactants on the shape evolution of nanocrystals and open up avenues to the rational synthesis of nanocrystals with the thermodynamically unfavorable morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guifen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongdi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lansun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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