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Ravindran S, Lahon A. Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview. Cytokine 2023; 170:156327. [PMID: 37579710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells for further dissemination to other areas of the host body that lead to a range of immune responses via different pathways. The immune responses generated by both viruses have similar characteristics with varying degrees of inflammation and activation of immune cells. However, the overall response of immune cells is not fully explored in the context of ZIKV and CHIKV infection. The knowledge of cellular tropism and the immune response is the key to understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity and pathogenesis, which may allow to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these viral infections. This review aims to discuss recent advancements and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanism of cellular tropism and immune response of CHIKV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravindran
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India.
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Maucourant C, Nonato Queiroz GA, Corneau A, Leandro Gois L, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Tarantino N, Bandeira AC, Samri A, Blanc C, Yssel H, Rios Grassi MF, Vieillard V. NK Cell Responses in Zika Virus Infection Are Biased towards Cytokine-Mediated Effector Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1333-1343. [PMID: 34408012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has emerged as a global concern because of its impact on human health. ZIKV infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects in the developing fetus and there have been reports of the occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome in areas affected by ZIKV. NK cells are activated during acute viral infections and their activity contributes to a first line of defense because of their ability to rapidly recognize and kill virus-infected cells. To provide insight into NK cell function during ZIKV infection, we have profiled, using mass cytometry, the NK cell receptor-ligand repertoire in a cohort of acute ZIKV-infected female patients. Freshly isolated NK cells from these patients contained distinct, activated, and terminally differentiated, subsets expressing higher levels of CD57, NKG2C, and KIR3DL1 as compared with those from healthy donors. Moreover, KIR3DL1+ NK cells from these patients produced high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, in the absence of direct cytotoxicity, in response to in vitro stimulation with autologous, ZIKV-infected, monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In ZIKV-infected patients, overproduction of IFN-γ correlated with STAT-5 activation (r = 0.6643; p = 0.0085) and was mediated following the recognition of MHC class 1-related chain A and chain B molecules expressed by ZIKV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells, in synergy with IL-12 production by the latter cells. Together, these findings suggest that NK cells contribute to the generation of an efficacious adaptive anti-ZIKV immune response that could potentially affect the outcome of the disease and/or the development of persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelien Corneau
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Plateforme de Cytométrie, UMS30-LUMIC, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and
| | - Luana Leandro Gois
- FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aida Meghraoui-Kheddar
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | | | - Assia Samri
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Plateforme de Cytométrie, UMS30-LUMIC, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France;
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