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Jiang H, Guo H, Sun Z, Yan X, Zha J, Zhang H, Li S. Urban-rural disparities of carbon storage dynamics in China's human settlements driven by population and economic growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162092. [PMID: 36775148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced a rapid expansion of human settlement in both urban and rural areas over the past three decades. Regarding the impacts on carbon storage, previous studies that only focus on certain ecosystems cannot reflect urban-rural disparities, resulting in the carbon storage changes in human settlement remaining unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore China's urban-rural disparities in human settlement expansion and direct impacts on carbon storage by using the big Earth data technology. The results showed that from 1990 to 2018, the total amount of China's human settlement expansion reached 175,703.80 km2, and the inner-city, peri-urban, and rural components accounted for 21.00 %, 20.18 %, and 58.82 %, respectively. Along with the general tendency of impervious surface area (ISA) growth, there was more soil organic carbon (SOC) (1254.33 TgC) being sealed beneath ISA (0-100 cm depth), compared to a huge reduction in vegetation biomass carbon (VBC) (91.44 TgC) during the study period. The results further indicated that the change density of either VBC or SOC presented a slightly rising trend along the urban-rural gradient, due to the increasingly common encroachment on vegetation and soil types with higher carbon content. We also found that socioeconomic drivers had a greater influence in urban areas than rural areas, and the related correlation exhibited a descending trajectory in both urban and rural areas. There is thus an urgent need to preserve lands with abundant carbon storage and contain the waste of land resources in rural areas. All stakeholders should pay more attention to concerted and targeted regulation policies for well-planned and eco-friendly human settlement expansion such as enhancing rural land use efficiency and promoting large-scale afforestation and continuous urban greening, which will be critical not only for guiding sustainable urbanization all over China but also for mitigating climate change for the entire world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Huadong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Zhongchang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China; Key Laboratory for Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Research Institute, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572029, China.
| | - Xiongfeng Yan
- College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinlin Zha
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer over the Low-Latitude Plateau Region, Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sijia Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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2
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Li W, Chen W, Bian J, Xian J, Zhan L. Impact of Urbanization on Ecosystem Services Balance in the Han River Ecological Economic Belt, China: A Multi-Scale Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14304. [PMID: 36361184 PMCID: PMC9654531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization intensification seriously interferes with the supply capacity and demand level of ecosystem services (ESs); therefore, it affects the balance state of ESs. Coordination of urbanization development and ecosystem protection in the ecological economic belt is vital for ecological protection and high-quality development of the ecological economic belt. However, previous studies lacked multi-scale analysis of the impact of urbanization elements on the ESs balance index (ESBI) in the ecological economic belt. In this study, a geographically weighted regression model was employed to measure the spatial non-stationary patterns associated with the impact of urbanization elements on the ESBI at 5 km and 10 km in the Han River Ecological Economic Belt (HREEB) in China based on land use data. The main findings were shown as follows. The supply capacity and demand level of ESs in the HREEB increased from 2000 to 2020 simultaneously, while the ESBI showed a decreasing trend. In mountainous areas, the ESBIs were evidently higher than those in the plain areas. During the study period, the urbanization level in the HREEB improved evidently, and the urbanization levels of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River were relatively high. Significant spatial dependence between urbanization elements and the ESBI was identified. Urbanization had significant positive and negative impacts on ESBI, and there were significant differences among different scales. The findings of this study can act as a decision-making reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the HREEB and can also provide a perspective for exploring the impact of urbanization on the ESBI of the ecological economic belt in other similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Li
- Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Wanxu Chen
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiaojiao Bian
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Xian
- Experimental Teaching Centre, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Li Zhan
- School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
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3
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Shao Q, Tao R, Luca MM. The Effect of Urbanization on Health Care Expenditure: Evidence From China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:850872. [PMID: 35242736 PMCID: PMC8885621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact and non-linear effects of urbanization on health care expenditure in China. The results indicate that urbanization in both Eastern and Central regions can significantly increase health care expenditure. But the impact of urbanization is not significant, which is related to the backward economic development level and low urbanization rate in the Western region. Taking population aging into consideration, the results of the panel threshold regression model imply that the positive relationship between urbanization and health care expenditure becomes greater when the level of population aging exceeds 10.72% in the Eastern region and 7.00% in the Western region. Therefore, in the urbanization process, the government should pay attention to the positive effect of urbanization on health care expenditure, provide more financial support for the construction of medical facilities, and expand the coverage of medical services and security for residents, especially for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- China Center for Human Capital and Labor Market Research, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Magda Mihaela Luca
- Department of Dentistry, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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4
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Liu D, Xu Z, Fan C, Zhou Y. Development of fire risk visualization tool based on heat map. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Is Urbanization Good for the Health of Middle-Aged and Elderly People in China?—Based on CHARLS Data. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to test whether improved healthcare services can mitigate health hazards resulting from environmental pollution in the urbanization process. Specifically, using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data and official statistics, this paper constructs comprehensive urbanization indicators and healthcare service indicators by applying the fully arrayed polygonal graphical indication method. Then, we introduce healthcare service indicators, urbanization indicators, environmental pollution indicators, and the interaction term between environmental pollution and healthcare into an ordered-logistics regression model. Our results indicate that improvement in health conditions can decrease the health risks from multiplied emissions of industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot and dust, and industrial effluents, but it cannot counteract the adverse health effects of PM2.5. Furthermore, heterogeneity tests show that, when considering the multidimensionality of urbanization, the positive influence of healthcare is the greatest in residential surroundings urbanization and economic urbanization, which reduces the prevalence of chronic diseases by 18.4% and 14.9%, respectively. Among the diverse city types, mixed-economy cities have the most obvious positive effects, where healthcare has the greatest mitigating effect on the health damage caused by industrial sulfur dioxide and industrial soot and dust, decreasing the prevalence of chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly by 27.3% and 16.4%, respectively. When considering the regional impacts of urbanization, there is a large difference in the positive effects brought about by medical care, which is reflected mainly in eastern and western China. In eastern China, although healthcare does not offset the health damage of PM2.5, the increase in chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly is only 0.5%, while in western China, the increase rises to 22.4%.
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Land cover mapping toward finer scales. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1604-1606. [PMID: 36659035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Applying Real-Time Travel Times to Estimate Fire Service Coverage Rate for High-Rise Buildings. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Frequent high-rise building fires have posed serious threats to urban public safety. In this study, real-time travel times extracted from online maps were applied to estimate fire service coverage rates for high-rise buildings. Firstly, the minimum fire apparatus requirement for high-rise building “at least 1 water fire truck and 1 aerial fire truck should arrive at the fire scene of high-rise building within 240 s” was proposed. Then, a dynamic estimation model of fire service coverage rate for high-rise buildings was established. To validate the model, 5146 high-rise buildings, 61 water fire trucks, and 56 aerial fire trucks in Changsha were selected as case studies. The results show that the total effective coverage rate and total average travel time in Changsha are 20.43% and 421.95 s, respectively. There are 10,840 water fire trucks and 6192 aerial fire trucks in China. Based on the average number of water fire trucks and aerial fire trucks per high-rise building, it can be estimated that the total effective coverage rate in China may not exceed 60.00%. Due to limited fire resources and frequent traffic congestion, only partial high-rise buildings can be effectively covered by fire services, whether in Changsha or China.
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Yang Q, Huang X, Tang Q. Global assessment of the impact of irrigation on land surface temperature. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1440-1443. [PMID: 36747400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiquan Yang
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Qiuhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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He Y, Wang K. Contrast patterns and trends of lapse rates calculated from near-surface air and land surface temperatures in China from 1961 to 2014. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1217-1224. [PMID: 36659151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The near-surface lapse rate reflects the atmospheric stability above the surface. Lapse rates calculated from land surface temperature (γTs) and near-surface air temperature (γTa) have been widely used. However, γTs and γTa have different sensitivity to local surface energy balance and large-scale energy transport and therefore they may have diverse spatial and temporal variability, which has not been clearly illustrated in existing studies. In this study, we calculated and compared γTa and γTs at ~ 2200 stations over China from 1961 to 2014. This study finds that γTa and γTs have a similar multiyear national average (0.53 °C/100 m) and seasonal cycle. Nevertheless, γTs shows steeper multiyear average than γTa at high latitudes, and γTs in summer is steeper than γTa, especially in Northwest China. The North China shows the shallowest γTa and γTs, then inhibiting the vertical diffusion of air pollutants and further reducing the lapse rates due to accumulation of pollutants. Moreover, the long-term trend signs for γTa and γTs are opposite in northern China. However, the trends in γTa and γTs are both negative in Southwest China and positive in Southeast China. Surface incident solar radiation, surface downward longwave radiation and precipitant frequency jointly can account for 80% and 75% of the long-term trends in γTa and γTs in China, respectively, which provides an explanation of trends of γTa and γTs from perspective of surface energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kaicun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Gu C, Ye X, Cao Q, Guan W, Peng C, Wu Y, Zhai W. System dynamics modelling of urbanization under energy constraints in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9956. [PMID: 32561760 PMCID: PMC7305140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid urbanization in China has been associated with a growing hunger for energy consumption and steadily-increasing CO2 emissions. In this paper, an integrated system dynamics model composed of four sub-models is developed to simulate the urbanization and energy consumption in China from 1998 to 2050. Three scenarios are provided: accelerated economic development, emission reduction constraint, and low-carbon oriented. The result reveals that rapid economic growth and sufficient energy supply will foster China's urbanization in all three scenarios. Under the low carbon transition scenario, China's urbanization rate is expected to reach 76.41% in 2050, both reducing carbon emissions and promoting eco-friendly development. All three scenarios witness a dramatic growth of residential energy consumption and a steady increase of industrial energy consumption. China still has a long way to achieve the low-carbon transition goal. China should promote renewable resources and energy, pursue a low-carbon lifestyle, and reduce energy intensity over the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Gu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- Department of Informatics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Qiwen Cao
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weihua Guan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing Normal University and Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Hubei Urbanization Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Hubei Urbanization Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Gu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, California State University Northridge, International Institute for Innovation and Development (I3D), Northridge, CA 91326, USA
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Academy of Wuhan Metropolitan Area, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-restoration, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-restoration, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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13
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Lu L, Guo H, Corbane C, Li Q. Urban sprawl in provincial capital cities in China: evidence from multi-temporal urban land products using Landsat data. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:955-957. [PMID: 36659804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Huadong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Christina Corbane
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Space, Security & Migration, Ispra I-21027, Italy
| | - Qingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11141673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yan’an new district (YND) is one of the largest civil engineering projects for land creation in Loess Plateau, of which the amount of earthwork exceeds 600 million m3, to create 78.5 km2 of flat land. Such mega-scale engineering activities and complex geological characteristics have induced wide land deformation in the region. Small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method and 55 Sentinel-1A (S-1A) images were utilized in the present work to investigate the urban surface deformation in the Yan’an urban area and Yan’an new airport (YNA) from 2015 to 2019. The results were validated by the ground leveling measurements in the YNA. It is found that significant uneven surface deformation existed in both YND and YNA areas with maximum accumulative subsidence of 300 and 217 mm, respectively. Moreover, the average subsidence rate of the YND and YNA areas ranged from −70 to 30 mm/year and −50 to 25 mm/year, respectively. The present work shows that the land deformation suffered two periods (from 2015 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2019) and expanded from urban center to surrounding resettlement area, which are highly relevant with urban earthwork process. It is found that more than 60% of land subsidence occurs at filled areas, while more than 65% of surface uplifting occurs at excavation areas. The present work shows that the subsidence originates from the earth filling and the load of urban buildings, while the release of stress is the major factor for the land uplift. Moreover, it is found that the collapsibility of loess and concentrated precipitation deteriorates the degree of local land subsidence. The deformation discovered by this paper shows that the city may suffer a long period of subsidence, and huge challenges may exist in the period of urban maintaining buildings and infrastructure facilities.
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