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Ren Y, Zhou Q, Hua D, Huang Z, Li Y, Jia Q, Gumbsch P, Greiner C, Wang H, Liu W. Wear-resistant CoCrNi multi-principal element alloy at cryogenic temperature. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:227-236. [PMID: 38072707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Traditional high strength engineering alloys suffer from serious surface brittleness and inferior wear performance when servicing under sliding contact at cryogenic temperature. Here, we report that the recently emerging CoCrNi multi-principal element alloy defies this trend and presents dramatically enhanced wear resistance when temperature decreases from 273 to 153 K, surpassing those of cryogenic austenitic steels. The temperature-dependent structure characteristics and deformation mechanisms influencing the cryogenic wear resistance of CoCrNi are clarified through microscopic observation and atomistic simulation. It is found that sliding-induced subsurface structures show distinct scenarios at different deformation temperatures. At cryogenic condition, significant grain refinement and a deep plastic zone give rise to an extended microstructural gradient below the surface, which can accommodate massive sliding deformation, in direct contrast to the strain localization and delamination at 273 K. Meanwhile, the temperature-dependent cryogenic deformation mechanisms (stacking fault networks and phase transformation) also provide additional strengthening and toughening of the subsurface material. These features make the CoCrNi alloy particularly wear resistant at cryogenic conditions and an excellent candidate for safety-critical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; IAM-ZM MicroTribology Center µTC, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Dongpeng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhuobin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; IAM-ZM MicroTribology Center µTC, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Qian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peter Gumbsch
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Christian Greiner
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; IAM-ZM MicroTribology Center µTC, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Chu W, Yu J, Ren N, Wang Z, Hu L. A fractal structural feature related to dynamic crossover in metallic glass-forming liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4151-4160. [PMID: 36655679 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic crossover in supercooled liquids initially predicted by model coupling theory has been widely accepted, but its underlying structural origin is still an open issue for glass-forming liquids. By molecular dynamics simulations of binary CuZr liquids, the present work verifies that high pressure could enhance this crossover, facilitating the studies on the structural features at the crossover temperature Tc. We discover that the topological connectivity of icosahedral clusters is responsible for this dynamic crossover, rather than all clusters. Tc is the temperature at which the connectivity degree between these clusters reaches a maximum and the dynamic heterogeneity begins to keep stable. Below Tc, the fractal topological structures appear in the medium-range order scale. The icosahedral clusters with a certain connectivity pattern can be regarded as a fractal structural unit. By employing the established fractal analysis method, the fractal dimension D of the icosahedral network is calculated. Our results indicate that the D value increases monotonically with increasing pressure and the fractal behavior of the icosahedral network is an inherent feature of metallic glasses. We also find similar fractal behavior in clusters with high local five-fold symmetry. Our findings shed light on the origin of a dynamic crossover in the deep supercooled region of metallic glasses and also demonstrate the important role of icosahedral clusters in uncovering the fractal behavior of metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Nannan Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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Abstract
The topographies of various surfaces have been studied in many fields due to the significant influence that surfaces have on the practical performance of a given sample. A comprehensive evaluation requires the assistance of fractal analysis, which is of significant importance for modern science and technology. Due to the deep insights of fractal theory, fractal analysis on surface topographies has been widely applied and recommended. In this paper, the remarkable uprising in recent decades of fractal analysis on the surfaces of thin films, an essential domain of surface engineering, is reviewed. By summarizing the methods used to calculate fractal dimension and the deposition techniques of thin films, the results and trends of fractal analysis are associated with the microstructure, deposition parameters, etc. and this contributes profoundly to exploring the mechanism of film growth under different conditions. Choosing appropriate methods of surface characterization and calculation methods to study diverse surfaces is the main challenge of current research on thin film surface topography by using fractal theory. Prospective developing trends are proposed based on the data extraction and statistics of the published literature in this field.
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Luo P, Zhu F, Lv YM, Lu Z, Shen LQ, Zhao R, Sun YT, Vaughan GBM, di Michiel M, Ruta B, Bai HY, Wang WH. Microscopic Structural Evolution during Ultrastable Metallic Glass Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40098-40105. [PMID: 34375527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By decreasing the rate of physical vapor deposition, ZrCuAl metallic glasses with improved stability and mechanical performances can be formed, while the microscopic structural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with scanning transmission electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we found that the metallic glass deposited at a higher rate exhibits a heterogeneous structure with compositional fluctuations at a distance of a few nanometers, which gradually disappear on decreasing the deposition rate; eventually, a homogeneous structure is developed approaching ultrastability. This microscopic structural evolution suggests the existence of the following two dynamical processes during ultrastable metallic glass formation: a faster diffusion process driven by the kinetic energy of the depositing atoms, which results in nanoscale compositional fluctuations, and a slower collective relaxation process that eliminates the compositional and structural heterogeneity, equilibrates the deposited atoms, and strengthens the local atomic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Miao Lv
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- World Premier International Research Centers Initiative (WPI), Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Lai-Quan Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi-Tao Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gavin B M Vaughan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Marco di Michiel
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Beatrice Ruta
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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