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Liu J, Liang Z, Sun W, Hua W, Huang S, Wen F. The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus: a review of its historical evolution, global distribution, adaptive mutations and receptor binding properties. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103913. [PMID: 38914042 PMCID: PMC11254717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) exhibits a wide host range and is commonly found in migratory waterfowl. Recent studies have revealed that the H4N6 AIV can infect guinea pigs via aerosol transmission without prior adaptation. Additionally, the Q226L/G228S substitutions in the receptor-binding site have led to structural changes in globular head of H4 AIV, resulting in a configuration similar to that of pandemic H2N2 and H3N2 human influenza viruses. This article provides an updated review of the historical evolution, global distribution, adaptive mutations, receptor-binding preferences, and host range of H4 AIV. The insights presented herein will help in assessing the potential risk of future H4 AIV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoping Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weiping Hua
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.
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Españo E, Shim SM, Song EJ, Nam JH, Jeong SH, Padasas BT, Kim SH, Kim JK. Surveillance of avian influenza viruses from 2014 to 2018 in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8410. [PMID: 37225865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAVs) among migratory waterfowl is a first step in understanding the ecology, biology, and pathogenicity of IAVs. As part of the nationwide surveillance effort for IAVs in fowl in South Korea, we collected environmental fecal samples in different migratory bird stopover sites in South Korea during the winter seasons within November 2014 through January 2018. We collected a total of 6758 fecal samples, 75 of which were positive for IAV (1.11% positivity). Prevalence of IAVs varied per site and per year. Based on sequencing, the most prevalent hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes were H1, H6, and H5, and the most prevalent neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were N1, N3, and N2. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the genes we isolated clustered with reported isolates collected from other locations along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. All the H5 and H7 isolates collected in this study were of low pathogenicity. None of the N1 and N2 genes carried amino acid markers of resistance against NA inhibitors. The winter 2016-2017 subset were primarily borne by migratory geese (Anser spp.). These results suggest that majority of the IAVs circulating among migratory wild fowl in South Korea in 2014-2018 were of low pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Españo
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mu Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Division of Acute Viral Diseases, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Bill Thaddeus Padasas
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Yin S, Xu Y, Xu M, de Jong MCM, Huisman MRS, Contina A, Prins HHT, Huang ZYX, de Boer WF. Habitat loss exacerbates pathogen spread: An Agent-based model of avian influenza infection in migratory waterfowl. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009577. [PMID: 35981006 PMCID: PMC9426877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat availability determines the distribution of migratory waterfowl along their flyway, which further influences the transmission and spatial spread of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The extensive habitat loss in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) may have potentially altered the virus spread and transmission, but those consequences are rarely studied. We constructed 6 fall migration networks that differed in their level of habitat loss, wherein an increase in habitat loss resulted in smaller networks with fewer sites and links. We integrated an agent-based model and a susceptible-infected-recovered model to simulate waterfowl migration and AIV transmission. We found that extensive habitat loss in the EAAF can 1) relocate the outbreaks northwards, responding to the distribution changes of wintering waterfowl geese, 2) increase the outbreak risk in remaining sites due to larger goose congregations, and 3) facilitate AIV transmission in the migratory population. In addition, our modeling output was in line with the predictions from the concept of "migratory escape", i.e., the migration allows the geese to "escape" from the location where infection risk is high, affecting the pattern of infection prevalence in the waterfowl population. Our modeling shed light on the potential consequences of habitat loss in spreading and transmitting AIV at the flyway scale and suggested the driving mechanisms behind these effects, indicating the importance of conservation in changing spatial and temporal patterns of AIV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yin
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- The Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mingshuai Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mart C. M. de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mees R. S. Huisman
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Contina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Herbert H. T. Prins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem F. de Boer
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wang C, Ma L, Zhang Y, Chen N, Wang W. Spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands and their driving factors based on PLS-SEM: A case study in Wuhan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151310. [PMID: 34743873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, wetlands have been severely damaged due to natural environment and human activities. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands and their driving forces is essential for their effective protection. This study proposes a research framework to explore the interaction between the natural environment and human activities and its impact on wetland changes, by introducing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, then applying the methodology in Wuhan, a typical wetland city in China. The validity and reliability evaluation indicated that the PLS-SEM model is reasonable. The results showed that the area of wetlands in Wuhan decreased by 10.98% in 1990-2018 and four obvious direct pathways of influence were found. Positive soil and terrain conditions are conducive to maintaining wetlands, while rapid urbanization drastically reduce the distribution of wetlands. It is remarkable that the impact of climate on wetlands is gradually shifting from positive to negative. Furthermore, four potential indirect impact pathways affecting wetland distribution shown that urbanization and climate enhance the negative impact of terrain on wetland distribution, while their impacts on soil weaken soil's direct positive impact. This study provides a quantitative methodology for determining the causes of wetland loss; it can also be applied to other cities or regions, which is essential for applying more effective measures to protect wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Nengcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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