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Zhong K, Sun P, Xu H. Advances in Defect Engineering of Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310677. [PMID: 38686700 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction technology, capable of converting low-density solar energy into high-density chemical energy, stands as a promising approach to alleviate the energy crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Semiconductor metal oxides, characterized by their abundant reserves, good stability, and easily tunable structures, have found extensive applications in the field of photocatalysis. However, the wide bandgap inherent in metal oxides contributes to their poor efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Defect engineering presents an effective strategy to address these challenges. This paper reviews the research progress in defect engineering to enhance the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of metal oxides, summarizing defect classifications, preparation methods, and characterization techniques. The focus is on defect engineering, represented by vacancies and doping, for improving the performance of metal oxide photocatalysts. This includes advancements in expanding the photoresponse range, enhancing photogenerated charge separation, and promoting CO2 molecule activation. Finally, the paper provides a summary of the current issues and challenges faced by defect engineering, along with a prospective outlook on the future development of photocatalytic CO2 reduction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
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Dong X, Shi X, Cui Z, Dai W, Dong F. Dynamic Hydroxylation Enhances Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from Water for Nitrogen Fixation Revealed by Isotope Labeling in Situ Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9670-9677. [PMID: 38516986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Employing water as a hydrogen source to participate in the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process is a low-cost and carbon-free process demonstrating great economic and environmental potential in catalysis. However, the low efficiency of hydrogen atom abstraction from water leads to slow kinetics of HAT for most hydrogenative reactions. Here, we prepared ultrathin Bi4O5Cl2 nanosheets where the surface can be in situ reconstructed via hydroxylation under light illumination to facilitate the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from pure water for efficient nitrogen fixation. Consequently, the isotope labeling in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) involving H2O and D2O has clearly revealed that the hydroxyl groups tend to be adsorbed on the chloride vacancy sites on the Bi4O5Cl2 surface to form hydroxylated surfaces, where the hydroxylated photocatalyst surface enables partial dehydrogenation of water into H2O2, allowing the utilization of H atoms for efficient of N2 hydrogenation via HAT steps. This work elucidates the in-depth reaction mechanism of hydrogen atom extraction from H2O molecules via the light-generated chloride vacancy to promote photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, ultimately enabling the inspiration and providing crucial rules for the design of important functional materials that can efficiently deliver active hydrogen for chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing'an Dong
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Weidong Dai
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Fan S, Liang T, Wei J, Zhu T, Shen Y, Yu Z, Zhu H, Wang S, Hou Y. Sn and dual-oxygen-vacancy in the Z-scheme Bi 2Sn 2O 7/Sn/NiAl-layered double hydroxide heterojunction synergistically enhanced photocatalytic activity toward carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1126-1137. [PMID: 37657213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high value-added chemicals is an attractive yet challenging process, primarily due to the readily recombination of hole-electron pairs in photocatalysts. Herein, dual-oxygen-vacancy mediated Z-scheme Bi2Sn2O7/Sn/NiAl-layered double hydroxide (VO,O-20BSL) heterojunctions were hydrothermally synthesized and subsequently modified with Sn monomers to enhance photocatalytic activity toward CO2 reduction. The abundance of oxygen vacancies endowed the VO,O-20BSL with extended optical adsorption, enhanced charges separation, and superior CO2 adsorption and activation. The interfacial charges transfer of the VO,O-20BSL was demonstrated to follow a Z-scheme mechanism via photochemical deposition of metal/metal oxide. Under visible light irradiation, the VO,O-20BSL exhibited the highest yields of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4), with values of 72.03 and 0.85 umol·g-1·h-1, respectively, which were 2.66 and 1.57 times higher than that of the VO-NiAl-layered double hydroxide (VO-1LDH). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) revealed that carboxylic acid groups (COOH*) and aldehyde groups (CHO*) were the predominant intermediates during CO2 reduction, and accordingly, possible CO2 reduction pathways and mechanism were proposed. This study presents a feasible approach to incorporate dual vacancies into Z-scheme heterojunctions for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Songyu Fan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ting Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jingwen Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuxiang Shen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, 12 Kexin Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China.
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Ren Q, He Y, Wang H, Sun Y, Dong F. Rapid Energy Exchange between In Situ Formed Bromine Vacancies and CO 2 Molecules Enhances CO 2 Photoreduction. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0244. [PMID: 37808179 PMCID: PMC10557117 DOI: 10.34133/research.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels provides a prospective tactic for regulating the global carbon balance utilizing renewable solar energy. However, CO2 molecules are difficult to activate and reduce due to the thermodynamic stability and chemical inertness. In this work, we develop a novel strategy to promote the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules via the rapid energy exchange between the photoinduced Br vacancies and CO2 molecules. Combining in situ continuous wave-electron paramagnetic resonance (cw-EPR) and pulsed EPR technologies, we observe that the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of BiOBr is decreased by 198 ns during the CO2 photoreduction reaction, which is further confirmed by the broadened EPR linewidth. This result reveals that there is an energy exchange interaction between in situ formed Br vacancies and CO2 molecules, which promotes the formation of high-energy CO2 molecules to facilitate the subsequent reduction reaction. In addition, theoretical calculations indicate that the bended CO2 adsorption configuration on the surface of BiOBr with Br vacancies caused the decrease of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the CO2 molecule, which makes it easier for CO2 molecules to acquire electrons and get activated. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy further shows that the activated CO2 molecules are favorably converted to key intermediates of COOH*, resulting in a CO generation rate of 9.1 μmol g-1 h-1 and a selectivity of 100%. This study elucidates the underlying mechanism of CO2 activation at active sites and deepens the understanding of CO2 photoreduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ren
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ye He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Wang Y, Ban C, Meng J, Ma J, Zou H, Feng Y, Ding J, Duan Y, Gan L, Zhou X. Charge Localization Induced by Fe Doping in Porous Bi5O7I Micro-flower for Enhanced Photoreduction of CO2 to CO. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Flower-like microspheres Z-scheme Bi2Sn2O7/NiAl-LDH heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:604-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ren Q, He Y, Wang H, Sun Y, Dong F. Photo-Switchable Oxygen Vacancy as the Dynamic Active Site in the Photocatalytic NO Oxidation Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ren
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan611731, China
| | - Ye He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan611731, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan611731, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan611731, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan611731, China
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Yang F, Qu J, Zheng Y, Cai Y, Yang X, Li CM, Hu J. Recent advances in high-crystalline conjugated organic polymeric materials for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15217-15241. [PMID: 36218062 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high-value-added fuels is a meaningful strategy to achieve carbon neutrality and alleviate the energy crisis. However, the low efficiency, poor selectivity, and insufficient product variety greatly limit its practical applications. In this regard, conjugated organic polymeric materials including carbon nitride (g-C3N4), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) exhibit enormous potential owing to their structural diversity and functional tunability. Nevertheless, their catalytic activities are largely suppressed by the traditional amorphous or weakly crystalline structures. Therefore, constructing relevant high-crystalline materials to ameliorate their inherent drawbacks is an efficient strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance of conjugated organic polymeric materials. In this review, the advantages of high-crystalline organic polymeric materials including reducing the concentration of defects, enhancing the built-in electric field, reducing the interlayer hydrogen bonding, and crystal plane regulation are highlighted. Furthermore, the strategies for their synthesis such as molten-salt, solid salt template, and microwave-assisted methods are comprehensively summarized, while the modification strategies including defect engineering, element doping, surface loading, and heterojunction construction are elaborated for enhancing their photocatalytic activities. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities of high-crystalline conjugated organic polymeric materials in photocatalytic CO2 conversion are prospected to give some inspiration and guidance for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yahui Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chang Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jundie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Shi X, Dong F. The dynamic chlorine defects enable the Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>Cl with 100% selective photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shi X, Dong X, Sun Y, Zhang S, Dong F. Dynamic Active Sites in Bi 5O 7I Promoted by Surface Tensile Strain Enable Selective Visible Light CO 2 Photoreduction. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9818792. [PMID: 36320637 PMCID: PMC9590270 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9818792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surface defects with abundant localized electrons on bismuth oxyhalide catalysts are proved to have the capability to capture and activate CO2. However, bismuth oxyhalide materials are susceptible to photocorrosion, making the surface defects easily deactivated and therefore losing their function as active sites. Construction of deactivation-resistant surface defects on catalyst is essential for stable CO2 photoreduction, but is a universal challenge. In this work, the Bi5O7I nanotubes with surface tensile strain are synthesized, which are favorable for the visible light-induced dynamic I defects generation. The CO2 molecules absorbed on I defects are constantly reduced by the incoming photogenerated electrons from I-deficient Bi5O7I nanotubes and the successive protonation of CO2 molecules is thus highly promoted, realizing the selective CO2 conversion process via the route of CO2-COOH--CO. The efficient and stable photoreduction of CO2 into CO with 100% selectivity can be achieved even under visible light (λ >420 nm) irradiation benefited from the dynamic I defects as active sites. The results presented herein demonstrate the unique action mechanism of light-induced dynamic defects during CO2 photoreduction process and provide a new strategy into rational design of deactivation-resistant catalysts for selective CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xing'an Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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