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Herrera-Escudero TM, Toro DA, Parada-Sanchez MT. How teeth can be used to estimate sexual dimorphism? A scoping review. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 360:112061. [PMID: 38824866 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teeth are biological structures with a high degree of hardness, density, calcification, and capacity to adapt to extrinsic factors at physical, biological, and physiological levels. Subsequently, they resist for a longer period in deteriorating environmental conditions. With dental analysis, it is possible to acquire biographical data about a person. The aim of this scoping review was to identify publications using human teeth tissues to estimate sexual dimorphism. METHODS The scoping review was carried out in the following databases: Jstor, Scielo, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, using ten search strategies in English and guaranteeing completeness and reproducibility of the phases stipulated in the PRISMA guide. RESULTS 143 studies on sexual dimorphism based on dental tissue traits were included, of which 40.6% (n = 58) were done in Asia and 27.2% (n = 39) in America. 80% of the studies (equivalent to 114 articles) focused their observations and measurements on the dental crown; 4.2% in enamel, dentin, and pulp together; 3.5% in dental pulp; 2.1% in the entire tooth; 2.8% in enamel, root, and the enamel-cementum junction, and only 0.7% in dentin and pulp. In addition, 92.3% of the studies used metric methods, while only 4.9% and 2.8% used biochemical and non-metric method respectively. CONCLUSION For sexual dimorphism establishment, enamel has been the most analyzed dental tissue in permanent canines and molars mainly. Likewise, the most widely and accurately used methods for this purpose are the metrics, with the odontometry as the most implemented (intraoral or by using dental plaster models, digital scanning or software) with prediction percentages ranging from 51% to 95.9%. In contrast to biochemical methods, that can achieve the highest precision (up to 100%), the non-metric methods, to a less extent, reported prediction percentages of 58%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Herrera-Escudero
- Grupo Estudios Biosociales del Cuerpo, EBSC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - David Arboleda Toro
- Grupo Estudios Biosociales del Cuerpo, EBSC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Monica T Parada-Sanchez
- Grupo Estudios Biosociales del Cuerpo, EBSC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Hlad M, Veselka B, Steadman DW, Herregods B, Elskens M, Annaert R, Boudin M, Capuzzo G, Dalle S, De Mulder G, Sabaux C, Salesse K, Sengeløv A, Stamataki E, Vercauteren M, Warmenbol E, Tys D, Snoeck C. Revisiting metric sex estimation of burnt human remains via supervised learning using a reference collection of modern identified cremated individuals (Knoxville, USA). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:777-793. [PMID: 33720412 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to increase the rate of correctly sexed calcined individuals from archaeological and forensic contexts. This is achieved by evaluating sexual dimorphism of commonly used and new skeletal elements via uni- and multi-variate metric trait analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two skeletal traits were evaluated in 86 individuals from the William M. Bass donated cremated collection of known sex and age-at-death. Four different predictive models, logistic regression, random forest, neural network, and calculation of population specific cut-off points, were used to determine the classification accuracy (CA) of each feature and several combinations thereof. RESULTS An overall CA of ≥ 80% was obtained for 12 out of 22 features (humerus trochlea max., and lunate length, humerus head vertical diameter, humerus head transverse diameter, radius head max., femur head vertical diameter, patella width, patella thickness, and talus trochlea length) using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed an increase of CA (≥ 95%) for certain combinations and models (e.g., humerus trochlea max. and patella thickness). Our study shows metric sexual dimorphism to be well preserved in calcined human remains, despite the changes that occur during burning. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the potential of machine learning approaches, such as neural networks, for multivariate analyses. Using these statistical methods improves the rate of correct sex estimations in calcined human remains and can be applied to highly fragmented unburnt individuals from both archaeological and forensic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hlad
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Veselka
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marc Elskens
- Research Unit Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rica Annaert
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Flemish Heritage Agency, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Boudin
- Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Capuzzo
- Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dalle
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy De Mulder
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sabaux
- Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Salesse
- Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,UMR 5199: "PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie", University of Bordeaux, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Amanda Sengeløv
- Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisavet Stamataki
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Vercauteren
- Research Unit Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugène Warmenbol
- Center de Recherches en Archéologie et Patrimoine, Department of History, Arts, and Archaeology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dries Tys
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Snoeck
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of History, Archaeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Brussels, Belgium.,G-Time Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Curate F, Mestre F, Garcia SJ. Sex assessment with the radius in Portuguese skeletal populations (late 19th - early to mid 20th centuries). Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 48:101790. [PMID: 33036877 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of sex is of immense relevance in the analysis of human skeletal remains, as other parameters of the biological profile are usually sex-specific (e.g., age at death or stature). The radius can be used to estimate sex when more dimorphic bones are not available or in the case of incomplete and fragmentary remains. Ten radius measurements collected in a sample of 364 individuals (166 females and 198 males) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (late 19th - early 20th centuries) were employed to generate univariable and multivariable models for sex estimation. All models were evaluated with a 10-fold cross-validation method and an independent holdout sample from the Luís Lopes Collection (late 19th - mid 20th centuries) encompassing 50 individuals (25 females and 25 males). Univariable models show an accuracy ranging from 77.7% to 89.8% (cross-validation), and from 70% to 86% (test sample), while accuracy in the multivariable models varies from 88.7% to 93.4% (cross-validation), and 84.0% to 90.0% (test sample). Results suggest that measurements of the radius are useful to develop standard guidelines for sex estimation of anonymous skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Curate
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Tomar, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Mestre
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana J Garcia
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; National Museum of Natural History and Science, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Viciano J, Tanga C, D'Anastasio R, Belcastro MG, Capasso L. Sex estimation by odontometrics of nonadult human remains from a contemporary Italian sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:59-80. [PMID: 32869297 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop an odontometric technique for sex estimation based on dental measurements from adult individuals, and to evaluate its applicability and reliability for diagnosis of sex of nonadult skeletal remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on the permanent dentition of 132 individuals (70 males, 62 females) from the identified human skeletal collection of the Certosa Cemetery (Bologna, Italy) of the University of Bologna. Binary logistic regression equations were developed based on dental measurements of the permanent teeth of the adult individuals, and these equations were subsequently applied to the permanent dentition of nonadult individuals to estimate their sex. RESULTS These data show that the canine teeth of both the maxilla and mandible are the most sexually dimorphic teeth in adults, followed by the mandibular second molar, maxillary and mandibular second and first premolars, and mandibular first molar. These data provided correct assignment of sex in 80.4-94.9% of cases, which depended on the measurements used. Of the 26 nonadult individuals of the experimental sample, sex diagnosis was possible for 22, which represented an applicability rate of 84.6% of the individuals. Comparing the sex of these 22 nonadult individuals estimated by odontometrics with the known biological sex, correct assignment was obtained in 90.9% of cases. CONCLUSION As a method of sex estimation, odontometric analysis of permanent dentition can be used successfully for nonadult human skeletal remains in both forensic and archeological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Viciano
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Tanga
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero D'Anastasio
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Capasso
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Gonçalves D, Vassalo AR, Makhoul C, Piga G, Mamede AP, Parker SF, Ferreira MT, Cunha E, Marques MPM, Carvalho LAEB. Chemosteometric regression models of heat exposed human bones to determine their pre‐burnt metric dimensions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:734-747. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Gonçalves
- Archaeosciences Laboratory Directorate General for Cultural Heritage (LARC/CIBIO/InBIO) Lisbon Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS) University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ana R. Vassalo
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS) University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Calil Makhoul
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Giampaolo Piga
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Adriana P. Mamede
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - Maria T. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS) University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Eugenia Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria P. M. Marques
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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