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Fitri AMN, Mahfufah U, Aziz SBA, Sultan NAF, Mahfud MAS, Saputra MD, Elim D, Bakri NF, Arjuna A, Sari YW, Domínguez-Robles J, Pamornpathomkul B, Mir M, Permana AD. Enhancement of skin localization of β-carotene from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) using solid dispersion-thermoresponsive gel delivered via polymeric solid microneedles. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124307. [PMID: 38852748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) boasts high β-carotene (BC) content, often consumed orally. However, absorption issues and low bioavailability due to food matrix interaction have led to transdermal delivery exploration. Nevertheless, BC has a short skin retention time. To address these limitations, this study formulates a β-carotene solid dispersion (SD-BC) loaded thermoresponsive gel combined with polymeric solid microneedles (PSM) to enhance in vivo skin bioavailability. Characterization of SD-BC includes saturation solubility, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro release. Characterization of SD-BC thermoresponsive gel includes gelation temperature, viscosity, rheological behaviour, pH, bio-adhesiveness, spreadability, and extrudability. PSM's mechanical properties and insertion capability were assessed. Ex vivo and in vivo dermato-pharmacokinetic studies, drug content, hemolysis, and skin irritation assessments were conducted to evaluate overall performance. Results confirm amorphous SD-BC formation, enhancing solubility. Both SD-BC thermoresponsive gel and PSM exhibit favourable characteristics, including rheological properties and mechanical strength. In vitro release studies showed a seven-fold increase in BC release compared to plain hydrogel. SD-BC thermoresponsive gel combined with PSM achieves superior ex vivo permeation (Cmax = 305.43 ± 32.07 µg.mL-1) and enhances in vivo dermato-pharmacokinetic parameters by 200-400 %. Drug content, hemolysis, and skin irritation studies confirmed its safety and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulfah Mahfufah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Diany Elim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nur Fadillah Bakri
- Department of Pharmacy, Cendrawasih University, Jayapura 99224, Indonesia
| | - Andi Arjuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Yessie Widya Sari
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | | | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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2
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Abd Rashid N, Salim YS, Abdul Halim SI, Harun MK, Ong CH, Chan CH. FTIR conformity analysis and performance testings of fresh, aged and expired polymeric paints under different storage conditions. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to correlate the molecular structure consistency of unmixed paints and the performance of 2-pack three-layer protective dried coatings (mixed and cured paints) in various aging conditions (fresh, aged and expired paints) stored under different conditions. All the physical tests (density, solid content, viscosity and sag resistance) of paints fulfil the required specifications. However, these tests cannot tell if the chemical formulation of retained paints (aged and expired) has undergone changes due to storage. The conformity analysis by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with squared derivative algorithm was employed for molecular structure analysis comparison of the fresh and retained paints. FTIR results show high degree of similarity (r), with r ≥ 0.900 for the properly stored retained paints when compared against its fresh paints using high sensitivity compare algorithm. This finding is validated with a paired Student’s t-test and it turns out that the r values of properly stored paints are not statistically different from the fresh paints. Moreover, the performance test (pull off adhesion and salt-spray) of dried coatings indicates good durability when the properly stored retained paints with high degree of structural similarity are applied on the substrate according to end user specifications. This approach offers a practical solution for the paint manufacturer and user to employ a rapid and non-destructive FTIR structural analysis for the confirmation of structural consistency of retained paints before application instead of disposing the polymeric paint without verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsyazlin Abd Rashid
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Yoga Sugama Salim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | | | - Mohamad Kamal Harun
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Chong Hup Ong
- Norimax Sdn. Bhd. , 2, Jalan TPP 5/17, Taman Perindustrian Puchong, Seksyen 5 , 47160 Puchong , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Chin Han Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
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3
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Nurul Fitri AM, Elim D, Sya'ban Mahfud MA, Fitri Sultan NA, Saputra MD, Afika N, Friandini RA, Natsir Djide NJ, Permana AD. Polymeric hydrogel forming microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of sildenafil citrate from direct-compressed tablet reservoir for potential improvement of pulmonary hypertension therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122549. [PMID: 36572265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease affecting patient's life. Sildenafil citrate (SC), the first-line treatment, is present in oral and injectable forms with some drawbacks, primarily poor patient's comfort and low oral bioavailability. To counter these limitations, stratum corneum-penetrating hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFM) was created, making it easier to distribute SC transdermally. HFM was fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and two variations of polyvinyl pyrrolidone's (PVP) concentration as polymers and citric acid (CA) as crosslinking agent. The crosslinking time was also variated. The assessment of swelling, insertion characteristics, and mechanical resistance revealed that it possessed swelling capacities up to 470 % and strong insertion capabilities. This HFM was integrated with a tablet reservoir prepared using several concentrations of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) as super disintegrant. The tablet reservoir's hardness, dissolution rate, XRD, and FTIR profiles were evaluated and the results showed that 4 % of SSG was the option for enhancing SC's solubility. According to ex vivo study, this system released 24.12 ± 0.92 % of SC. For the first time, SC was successfully incorporated into a system of HFM and tablet reservoir and was non-toxic, showing promise in terms of improving PAH therapy's efficacy following comprehensive in vivo studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diany Elim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Nur Afika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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4
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Singh J, White RL. Discrimination of commercial ibuprofen tablets by using a button sample holder and mid-infrared spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1214-1220. [PMID: 35234219 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectra obtained from commercial ibuprofen tablets are categorized by using principal component analysis. A stainless steel abrasive button is used to sample the coatings and interiors of ibuprofen tablets with three different formulations. Rubbing the button wire mesh surface across tablet surfaces removes material for analysis. Small fragments are retained within mesh void spaces and larger fragments are swept away prior to analyses. Infrared spectra for tablet coatings exhibit significant differences and can be used for identification. Tablet interior compositions consisting primarily of ibuprofen from different manufacturers are more distinguishable from pre-processed spectra than from spectrum second derivatives. The speed and sensitivity afforded by this methodology suggests that rapid detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals based on mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements of microgram quantities of material removed with a button sample holder is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Robert L White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Ming Kenneth Ho H, Xiong Z, Ying Wong H, Buanz A. The Era of Fake Medicines: Investigating counterfeit medicinal products for erectile dysfunction disguised asherbal supplements. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121592. [PMID: 35182703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sales of substandard and falsified medical products (SF) are rising rapidly everywhere around the globe. The wide and easy access to these products is an alarming issue to the global health systems and undermined the health of patients, especially with the thrive of online commerce. To tackle this threat to public health, new ways to access these products should be identified and detection technologies should be strengthened. The overarching aim of this study was to investigate if herbal supplements sold online claiming to be natural alternatives to Viagra® were amongst these SF medical products and how effective different analytical techniques are in providing information about these products. 3 products which claimed to be herbal supplements for men sexual performance were purchased from an e-commerce platform. Two products were received as unregistered generic sildenafil citrate tablets manufactured in India (and thus different to the products information on the website) while one product was received in the same packaging as shown on the website, claiming to be an herbal product. Nevertheless, all products were proven to contain sildenafil citrate, the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Viagra® after the comprehensive analytical tests. The results elucidated that the quality standards for the unregistered generic sildenafil citrate tablets were fulfilled according to the British Pharmacopeia, but the falsified product failed the quality tests and contained approximately 200 mg sildenafil citrate, which is equivalent to 2-fold of the daily maximum dose. Furthermore, physical characterisations, including powder x-ray diffraction and thermal analysis were performed and revealed that the polymorphic forms of sildenafil citrate were different, demonstrating the importance of employing thermal analysis in addition to the conventional analysis techniques for the substandard and falsified medical products. These techniques provided valuable insights into the physical form of the active ingredient in these products. What is more, the ease with which these SF products were obtained and confirmed to be misleading consumers emphasises the need for tighter regulation for e-commerce websites in line with those enforced on online pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ming Kenneth Ho
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zhaoan Xiong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hui Ying Wong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Asma Buanz
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Piorunska-Sedlak K, Stypulkowska K. Selectivity of identification of compounds from the group of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in falsified products from the Polish market using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Sci Justice 2021; 61:714-722. [PMID: 34802645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Falsified drugs are a growing problem and a great threat all over the world. Searching for easy, fast, not expensive and reproducible methods for identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an important issue. The application of ATR-IR technique for identification of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in falsified products from the Polish market has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the strategy of confirmation of the product's originality inaquick and easy way has been developed. The advantages of this application are: exceptional simplicity, very short measurement time, high selectivity inrelation to structurally similar substances and almost no sample preparation. After validation, developed strategy has been successfully introduced into routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Piorunska-Sedlak
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Stypulkowska
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sansone A, Cuzin B, Jannini EA. Facing Counterfeit Medications in Sexual Medicine. A Systematic Scoping Review on Social Strategies and Technological Solutions. Sex Med 2021; 9:100437. [PMID: 34619517 PMCID: PMC8766274 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The counterfeit phenomenon is a largely under-reported issue, with potentially large burden for healthcare. The market for counterfeit drugs used in sexual medicine, most notably type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5i), is rapidly growing. Aims To report the health risks associated with the use of counterfeit medications, the reasons driving their use, and the strategies enacted to contain this phenomenon. Methods A systematic scoping review of the literature regarding counterfeit PDE5i was carried between January and June 2021, then updated in August 2021. Main Outcome Measure We primarily aimed to clarify the main drivers for counterfeit PDE5i use, the health risks associated, and the currently available strategies to fight counterfeiters. Results One hundred thirty-one records were considered for the present scoping review. Production of fake PDE5i is highly lucrative and the lacking awareness of the potential health risks makes it a largely exploitable market by counterfeiters. Adulteration with other drugs, microbial contamination and unreliable dosages make counterfeit medications a cause of worry also outside of the sexual medicine scope. Several laboratory techniques have been devised to identify and quantify the presence of other compounds in counterfeit medications. Strategies aimed at improving awareness, providing antitampering packaging and producing non-falsifiable products, such as the orodispersible formulations, are also described. Clinical implications Improving our understanding of the PDE5i counterfeit phenomenon can be helpful to promote awareness of this issue and to improve patient care. Strengths & Limitations Despite the systematic approach, few clinical studies were retrieved, and data concerning the prevalence of counterfeit PDE5i use is not available on a global scale. Conclusion The counterfeit phenomenon is a steadily growing issue, with PDE5i being the most counterfeited medication with potentially large harmful effects on unaware consumers. Sansone A, Cuzin B, and Jannini EA. Facing Counterfeit Medications in Sexual Medicine. A Systematic Scoping Review on Social Strategies and Technological Solutions. Sex Med 2021;9:100437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Béatrice Cuzin
- Division of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Proof-of-Concept of Detection of Counterfeit Medicine through Polymeric Materials Analysis of Plastics Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132185. [PMID: 34209331 PMCID: PMC8271851 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is always a major challenge, but the early detection of counterfeit medicine in a country will reduce the fatal risk among consumers. Technically, fast laboratory testing is vital to develop an effective surveillance and monitoring system of counterfeit medicines. This study proposed the combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the quick detection of counterfeit medicines, through the polymer analysis of blister packaging materials. A sample set containing three sets of original and counterfeit medicine was analyzed using ATR-FTIR and DSC, while the spectra from ATR-FTIR were employed as a fingerprint for the polymer characterization. Intending to analyze the polymeric material of each sample, DSC was set at a heating rate of 10 °C min-l and within a temperature range of 0- 400 °C, with nitrogen as a purge gas at a flow rate of 20 ml min-an. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed the chemical characteristics of the plastic packaging of fake and original medicines. Further analysis of the counterfeit medicine's packaging with DSC exhibited a distinct difference from the original due to the composition of polymers in the packaging material used. Overall, this study confirmed that the rapid analysis of polymeric materials through ATR-FTIR and comparing DSC thermograms of the plastic in their packaging effectively distinguished counterfeit drug products.
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Reis NFA, Silva LFG, Souza MACE, Fialho SL, Souza Moreira CP, Oliveira Andrade MV, Paula WX, Gloria MBA, Pianetti GA, Fernandes C. UHPLC for quality evaluation of genuine and illegal medicines containing sildenafil citrate and tadalafil. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:30-39. [PMID: 33107906 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the highest incidences of illegal drug products is related to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, used in treatment of erectile dysfunction, including those containing sildenafil citrate and tadalafil. In this context, comprehensive evaluation of the quality of genuine and illegal medicines was performed. A simple and rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-UV) method to quantify sildenafil and tadalafil in the presence of six degradation products was developed and validated. Sildenafil and tadalafil were submitted to forced degradation. The separation was carried out on a Kinetex C18 (50 × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and aqueous triethylamine solution. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 14-126 μg mL-1 for sildenafil citrate and 4-36 μg mL-1 for tadalafil and the method proved to be selective, precise, accurate and robust. Sildenafil degraded in oxidative media, whereas tadalafil degraded in acidic, alkaline and oxidative environment. The chemical structures and the mechanisms for the formation of the main degradation products were proposed by UHPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The UHPLC-UV method was applied in the pharmaceutical analysis of genuine and seized medicines. Some of them did not meet quality standards, mainly due to contents below specifications and the large variation on contents between units within a batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naialy Fernandes Araújo Reis
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Araújo Castro E Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Ligório Fialho
- Serviço de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Farmacêutico, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, 30510010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Paula Souza Moreira
- Serviço de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Farmacêutico, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, 30510010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Oliveira Andrade
- Setor Técnicoe Científico, Superintendência de Polícia Federal, Minas Gerais, Rua Nascimento Gurgel 30, 30430340 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Xavier Paula
- Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil, Minas Gerais, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1833, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Abreu Gloria
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gerson Antônio Pianetti
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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11
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Torres-Martínez EJ, Vera-Graziano R, Cervantes-Uc JM, Bogdanchikova N, Olivas-Sarabia A, Valdez-Castro R, Serrano-Medina A, Iglesias AL, Pérez-González GL, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Villarreal-Gómez LJ. Preparation and characterization of electrospun fibrous scaffolds of either PVA or PVP for fast release of sildenafil citrate. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSildenafil citrate (SC) has proved to be an effective and inexpensive drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to synthesize electrospun, submicron fiber scaffolds of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) loaded with SC for fast drug dissolution and its potential use in the treatment of PAH. These fiber scaffolds were prepared through the electrospinning technique. The chemical composition of the nanofibers was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and polymeric transitions by differential scattering calorimetry. Surface analysis of the nanofibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The wetting and dissolution time of the scaffolds and drug release rate were studied as well. The drug-loaded PVP fibers showed better quality regarding size and homogeneity compared to drug-loaded PVA fibers. These fibers encapsulated approximately 2.5 mg/cm2 of the drug and achieved immediate controlled released rate, which is encouraging for further studies leading to an alternative treatment of PAH in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick José Torres-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Amelia Olivas-Sarabia
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ricardo Valdez-Castro
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Aracely Serrano-Medina
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Ana Leticia Iglesias
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Graciela Lizeth Pérez-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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12
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Song Y, Cong Y, Wang B, Zhang N. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to pharmaceutical preparations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:551-571. [PMID: 32116058 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1737671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Various pharmaceutical preparations are widely used for clinical treatment. Elucidation of the mechanisms of drug release and evaluation of drug efficacy in biological samples are important in drug design and drug quality control.Areas covered: This review classifies recent applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the field of medicine to comprehend drug release and diffusion. Drug release is affected by many factors of preparations, such as drug delivery system and microstructure polymorphism. The applications of FTIR imaging and nano-FTIR technique in biological samples lay a foundation for studying drug mechanism in vivo.Expert opinion: FTIR spectroscopy meets the research needs on preparations to understand the processes and mechanisms underlying drug release. The combination of attenuated total reflectance-FTIR imaging and nano-FTIR accompanied by chemometrics is a potent tool to overcome the deficiency of conventional infrared detection. FTIR shows an enormous potential in drug characterization, drug quality control, and bio-sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Song
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Soares F, Anzanello MJ, Fogliatto FS, Ortiz RS, Mariotti KC, Ferrão MF. Enhancing counterfeit and illicit medicines grouping via feature selection and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:198-205. [PMID: 31174131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel framework to select the most relevant X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) energy values (i.e., features) to enhance the clustering (grouping) of counterfeit and illicit medical tablets. The framework is based on the integration of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Procrustes analysis (PA) multivariate techniques. MDS provides a projection of the original data into a lower dimension, while PA finds a projection matrix from the original data. Such outputs give rise to a feature importance index that guides an iterative feature selection process; after each feature is inserted in the subset, an optimization procedure based on a greedy search method is carried out to maximize the clustering quality assessed through the Silhouette Index (SI). The inorganic chemical fingerprinting of 41 commercial samples (Viagra®, Cialis®, Lazar®, Libiden®, Maxfil®, Plenovit®, Potent 75®, Rigix®, V-50®, Vimax® and Pramil®) and 56 seized counterfeit samples (Viagra and Cialis) was used to validate the proposed framework. From the original 2048 data points in the full spectra, we identified a subset comprised of 41 energy values that substantially improved clustering quality; the obtained groups were assessed by visual inspection of the PCA plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Soares
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção e Transportes - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michel J Anzanello
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção e Transportes - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Brazil.
| | - Flavio S Fogliatto
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção e Transportes - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Ortiz
- Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência da Polícia Federal, Porto Alegre/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Brazil
| | - Kristiane C Mariotti
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco F Ferrão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Brazil
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14
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Comparison of hyperspectral imaging techniques for the elucidation of falsified medicines composition. Talanta 2019; 198:457-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Profile of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and other synthetic drugs in seized materials analysed in a Brazilian forensic laboratory. Forensic Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-018-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Santos A, Dutra L, Menezes L, Santos M, Barison A. Forensic NMR spectroscopy: Just a beginning of a promising partnership. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Pereira LS, Lisboa FL, Coelho Neto J, Valladão FN, Sena MM. Screening method for rapid classification of psychoactive substances in illicit tablets using mid infrared spectroscopy and PLS-DA. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 288:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Králík F, Jirmásek P, Kuchař M, Setnička V. Chiroptical and vibrational spectroscopic study of genuine and counterfeit medicines containing tadalafil. Chirality 2018; 30:560-567. [PMID: 29419887 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The production and distribution of counterfeit pharmaceuticals present a serious problem worldwide. This is true especially in case of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction, where consumers often prefer buying them anonymously from unverified sources. In this study, genuine and counterfeit Cialis® 20 mg tablets were analyzed by electronic circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, and infrared spectroscopy. The characteristic spectral patterns were identified by comparison with the spectra of tadalafil standard as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, and its presence was confirmed in all samples. The amount of tadalafil, however, was markedly lower in the case of counterfeit tablet as the observed band intensities were considerably lower. No other significant differences between the genuine and counterfeit tablets were revealed. Ab initio density functional theory calculations provided a detailed description of the stable conformers of tadalafil in a solution and enabled thorough interpretation of the experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Králík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Jirmásek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Genuine sildenafil tablets sold in Brazil disguised as MDMA. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 283:e8-e12. [PMID: 29295746 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MDMA and sildenafil are two examples among many substances consumed in "raves", as well as in other types of "recreative" social events nowadays. During the first six months of 2017, five cases of supposedly MDMA tablets seized by local law enforcement forces in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and brought to our forensic laboratory for examination, attracted our attention among dozens of others, as the tablets apprehended in these cases were, in fact, colorfully painted versions of genuine, pentagon-shaped, sildenafil tablets, freely available for sale in local pharmacies and drugstores. Physical profiling, together with ATR-FTIR spectral matching, multi-component/deconvolution analysis and correlation were employed to prove that these tablets were genuine sildenafil tablets from a specific manufacturer, painted in a colorful way so that they could be marketed as MDMA tablets to unsuspecting buyers.
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