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Interpol review of fire debris analysis and fire investigation 2019-2022. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 6:100310. [PMID: 36578979 PMCID: PMC9791831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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That LFLN, Xu B, Pandohee J. Could foodomics hold the key to unlocking the role of prebiotics in gut microbiota and immunity? Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sudol PE, Ochoa GS, Cain CN, Synovec RE. Tile-based variance rank initiated-unsupervised sample indexing for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boegelsack N, Hayes K, Sandau C, Withey JM, McMartin DW, O'Sullivan G. Method development for optimizing analysis of ignitable liquid residues using flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1656:462495. [PMID: 34537663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and composition of matrix compounds in fire debris samples undergoing ignitable liquid residue analysis frequently leads to inconclusive results, which can be diminished by applying comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). Method development must be undertaken to fully utilize the potential of GC × GC by maximizing separation space and resolution.. The three main areas to consider for method development are column selection, modulator settings and parameter optimization. Seven column combinations with different stationary phase chemistry, column dimensions and orthogonality were assessed for suitability based on target compound selectivity, retention, resolution, and peak shapes, as well as overall peak capacity and area use. Using Box-Behnken design of experimentation (DoE), the effect of modulator settings such as flow ratio and loop fill capacity were evaluated using carbon loading potential, dilution effect, as well as target peak amplitude and skewing effect. The run parameters explored for parameter optimization were oven programming, inlet pressure (column flow rate), and modulation period. Comparing DoE approaches, Box-Behnken and Doehlert designs assessed sensitivity, selectivity, peak capacity, and wraparound; alongside target peak retention, resolution, and shape evaluation. Certified reference standards and simulated wildfire debris were used for method development and verification, and wildfire debris case samples scrutinized for method validation. The final method employed a low polarity column (5% diphenyl) coupled to a semi-polar column (50% diphenyl) and resulted in an average Separation Number (SN) exceeding 1 in both dimensions after optimization. Separation Numbers of 18.16 for first and 1.46 for second dimension without wraparound for compounds with at least four aromatic rings signified successful separation of all target compounds from varied matrix compositions and allowed for easy visual comparison of extracted ion profiles. Mass spectrometry (MS) was required during validation to differentiate ions where no baseline separation between target compounds and extraneous matrix compounds was possible. The resulting method was evaluated against ASTM E1618 and found to be an ideal routine analysis method providing great resolution of target compounds from interferences and excellent potential for ILR classification within a complex sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Boegelsack
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB Canada, T3E 6K6; Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK Canada, S7N 5A9.
| | - Kevin Hayes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB Canada, T3E 6K6; Manchester Metropolitan University, Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Chester Street, Manchester, U.K., M1 5GD
| | - Court Sandau
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB Canada, T3E 6K6; Chemistry Matters Inc., 104-1240 Kensington Rd NW Suite 405, Calgary, AB Canada, T2N 3P7
| | - Jonathan M Withey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB Canada, T3E 6K6
| | - Dena W McMartin
- Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK Canada, S7N 5A9
| | - Gwen O'Sullivan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB Canada, T3E 6K6
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Young GM, Lurie IS. Recent forensic applications of enhanced chromatographic separation methods. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:369-381. [PMID: 34535950 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews the recent applications of enhanced separation methods employed in forensic analysis utilizing gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography published between 2015 to 2020, except papers previously covered in relevant review articles. Applications of enhanced chromatographic separation methods to arson investigations, environmental forensics, sexual assault investigations, drug analysis, and toxicology are discussed. Future directions for enhanced chromatographic separation methods in forensic science are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genetta M Young
- Department of Forensic Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ira S Lurie
- Department of Forensic Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Adutwum LA, Kwao JK, Harynuk JJ. Unique ion filter-A data reduction tool for chemometric analysis of raw comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2773-2784. [PMID: 33932270 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in the analysis of complex samples. Chemometric analysis of raw chromatographic data is more useful in one- and two-dimensional separations relative to peak tables. The data volume from such experiments generally necessitates the use of data reduction tools. Such tools often sacrifice some of the multivariate information in the mass to charge ratio dimension. The unique ion filter reduces the over-redundancy in two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data by limiting the data to a few unique/pseudo-unique ions, sub-peaks/slices in the first dimension, and spectra in the second dimension. We explore the performance of this algorithm through careful inspection of two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data before and after application of the filter. A reduction (99%) in the number of variables in a two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatogram passed on to subsequent analysis was observed. Feature selection times for model optimization reduced from 229 (±13) to 6.8 (±0.5) min when the filter was applied. An estimate of two unique/pseudo-unique ions, one sub-peak in the first dimension and five spectra in the second dimension were considered to provide a true representation of each chromatogram and provided enough information to achieve 100% model prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Adutwum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanna Koryo Kwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - James J Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sauzier G, van Bronswijk W, Lewis SW. Chemometrics in forensic science: approaches and applications. Analyst 2021; 146:2415-2448. [PMID: 33729240 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigations are often reliant on physical evidence to reconstruct events surrounding a crime. However, there remains a need for more objective approaches to evidential interpretation, along with rigorously validated procedures for handling, storage and analysis. Chemometrics has been recognised as a powerful tool within forensic science for interpretation and optimisation of analytical procedures. However, careful consideration must be given to factors such as sampling, validation and underpinning study design. This tutorial review aims to provide an accessible overview of chemometric methods within the context of forensic science. The review begins with an overview of selected chemometric techniques, followed by a broad review of studies demonstrating the utility of chemometrics across various forensic disciplines. The tutorial review ends with the discussion of the challenges and emerging trends in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Sauzier
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Wilhelm van Bronswijk
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon W Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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Zanella D, Focant J, Franchina FA. 30
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Anniversary of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: Latest advances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Zanella
- Molecular System, Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Jean‐François Focant
- Molecular System, Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Flavio A. Franchina
- Molecular System, Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
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