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Zhang Y, Wang S, Kang P, Sun C, Yang W, Wang M, Yin S, Zhang R. Atmospheric H 2O 2 during haze episodes in a Chinese megacity: Concentration, source, and implication on sulfate production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174391. [PMID: 38955272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an important oxidant, plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry. To reveal its characteristics in polluted areas, comprehensive observations were conducted in Zhengzhou, China from February 22 to March 4, 2019, including heavy pollution days (HP) and light pollution days (LP). High NO concentrations (18 ± 26 ppbv) were recorded in HP, preventing the recombination reaction of two HO2• radicals. Surprisingly, higher concentrations of H2O2 were observed in HP (1.5 ± 0.6 ppbv) than those in LP (1.2 ± 0.6 ppbv). In addition to low wind speed and relative humidity, the elevated H2O2 in HP could be mainly attributed to intensified particle-phase photoreactions and biomass burning. In terms of sulfate formation, transition-metal ions (TMI)-catalyzed oxidation emerged as the predominant oxidant pathway in both HP and LP. Note that the average H2O2 oxidation rate increased from 3.6 × 10-2 in LP to 1.1 × 10-1 μg m-3 h-1 in HP. Moreover, the oxidation by H2O2 might exceed that of TMI catalysis under specific conditions, emerging as the primary driver of sulfate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shenbo Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Panru Kang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chuifu Sun
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingkai Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Kumar A, Kumar P. Dissociation of H 2O 2 on water surfaces (ice and water droplets). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11331-11339. [PMID: 38563356 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OH radicals are an important constituent of the atmosphere. Therefore, all reactions that act as a source of OH radicals are important. It is known that photo-dissociation of H2O2 is an important source of OH radicals in the atmosphere. In the present study, using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, we have shown that the H2O2 molecule can dissociate thermally on water droplets, as well as on the surface of ice, to form OH radicals. Furthermore, the dissociation of H2O2 was found to be very fast (less than 50 fs) on the ice surface compared with on the water droplets. We believe this route for the formation of OH radicals could be more critical than photo-dissociation, as it can take place both during the day and at night, but further studies with more sophisticated theoretical approaches or experiments are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Chan AWH, Yao M, Chen Z, Abbatt JPD. Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1635-1679. [PMID: 36630720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (-O-O-) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx and ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
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Ye C, Xue C, Liu P, Zhang C, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Liu J, Lu K, Mu Y. Strong impacts of biomass burning, nitrogen fertilization, and fine particles on gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156997. [PMID: 35777574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry as an indicator of the atmospheric oxidizing capacity. It is also a vital oxidant of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the aqueous phase, resulting in the formation of acid precipitation and sulfate aerosol. However, sources of H2O2 are not fully understood especially in polluted areas affected by human activities. In this study, we reported some high H2O2 cases observed during one summer and two winter campaigns conducted at a polluted rural site in the North China Plain. Our results showed that agricultural fires led to high H2O2 concentrations up to 9 ppb, indicating biomass burning events contributed substantially to primary H2O2 emission. In addition, elevated H2O2 and O3 concentrations were measured after fertilization as a consequence of the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by soil HONO emission. Furthermore, H2O2 exhibited unexpectedly high concentration under high NOx conditions in winter, which are closely related to multiphase reactions in particles involving organic chromophores. Our findings suggest that these special factors (biomass burning, fertilization, and ambient particles), which are not well considered in current models, are significant contributors to H2O2 production, thereby affecting the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity and the global sulfate aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ye
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS - Université Orléans - CNES, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuobiao Ma
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kim H, Gil J, Lee M, Jung J, Whitehill A, Szykman J, Lee G, Kim DS, Cho S, Ahn JY, Hong J, Park MS. Factors controlling surface ozone in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the KORUS-AQ campaign. ELEMENTA (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 8:10.1525/elementa.444. [PMID: 34522698 PMCID: PMC8437047 DOI: 10.1525/elementa.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, intensive measurements were conducted under the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign. Trace gases such as O3, NOx, NOy, SO2, CO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photochemical byproducts such as H2O2 and HCHO, aerosol species, and meteorological variables including planetary boundary layer height were simultaneously measured at Olympic Park in Seoul. During the measurement period, high O3 episodes that exceeded the 90 ppbv hourly maximum occurred on 14 days under four distinct synoptic meteorological conditions. Furthermore, local circulation such as land-sea breeze and diurnal evolution of the boundary layer were crucial in determining the concentrations of precursor gases, including NOx and VOC as well as O3. During such episodes, the nighttime NOx and VOC and daytime UV levels were higher compared to non-episode days. The overall precursor levels and photochemical activity were represented fairly well by variations in the HCHO, which peaked in the morning during the high O3 episodes. This study revealed that toluene was the most abundant VOC in Seoul, and its concentration increased greatly with NOx due to the large local influence under stagnant conditions. When O3 was highly elevated concurrently with PM2.5 under dominant westerlies, NOx and VOCs were relatively lower and CO was noticeably higher than in other episodes. Additionally, the O3 production efficiency was the highest due to a low NOx with the highest NOz/NOy ratio among the four episodes. When westerlies were dominant in transport-south episode, the nighttime concentration of O 3 remained as high as 40~50 ppbv due to the minimum level of NOx titration. Overall, the Seoul Metropolitan Area is at NOx-saturated and VOC-limited conditions, which was diagnosed by indicator species and VOC/NOx ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Junsu Gil
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Meehye Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Jinsang Jung
- Center for Gas Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, KR
| | | | | | - Gangwoong Lee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, KR
| | - Deug-Soo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, KR
| | - Seogju Cho
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, KR
| | - Jun-Young Ahn
- Department of Climate and Air Quality, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, KR
| | - Jinkyu Hong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, KR
| | - Moon-Soo Park
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Hankuk University of Foreign Sturdies, Yongin, KR
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Zhang Q, Liu J, He Y, Yang J, Gao J, Liu H, Tang W, Chen Y, Fan W, Chen X, Chai F, Hatakeyama S. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations during autumn in Beijing, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:72-81. [PMID: 29478663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7:00 to 20:00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) at 0.55ppb and 0.063ppb, respectively. H2O2 concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H2O2 and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H2O2 concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H2O2 and MHP enrichment. High levels of H2O2 and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaoyu Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youjiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shiro Hatakeyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
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He SZ, Chen ZM, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Huang DM, Zhao JN, Zhu T, Hu M, Zeng LM. Measurement of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in Beijing before and during the 2008 Olympic Games: Chemical and physical factors influencing their concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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