1
|
Kim J, Kaown D, Lee KK. Coupling of radon and microbial analysis for dense non-aqueous-phase liquid tracing and health risk assessment in groundwater under seasonal variations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134939. [PMID: 38889466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) represent one of the most hazardous contaminants of groundwater, posing health risks to humans. Radon is generally used to trace DNAPLs; however, external factors, such as rainfall or stream water, can influence its efficacy. To overcome these limitations, this study pioneered the integration of radon and microbial community structures to explore DNAPL tracing and natural attenuation in the context of seasonal variations for human health risk assessments. The results showed that a radon tracer can estimate DNAPL saturation in the source zone, especially during the dry season when radon deficiency predominates. However, samples exhibited mixing effects during the wet season because of local precipitation. Moreover, bioremediation and low health risks were observed in the plume boundary zone, indicating that microbial dechlorination was a predominant factor determining these risks. The abnormal patterns of radon observed during the wet season can be elucidated by examining microbiological communities. Consequently, a combined approach employing radon and microbial analysis is advocated for the boundary zone, albeit with a less intensive management strategy, compared with that for the source zone. This novel coupling method offers a theoretical and practical foundation for managing DNAPL-contaminated groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nam Y, Kim S, Shin J, Yi C, Jeong KS, Lee SK, Ko J, Lee J. Radon concentration and affecting environmental conditions in water-curtain heated cultivation facilities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30563. [PMID: 38742076 PMCID: PMC11089361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Farmers cultivate plants in the winter using water curtain cultivation (WCC) facilities by spraying groundwater to keep them warm. In this study, the WCC facilities exhibited high radon concentrations during winter. The risk varied significantly depending on the facility operation, peaking in the early morning and then decreasing upon ventilation. At all measurement sites, radon concentrations were low when groundwater was not used. Even during the period of facility groundwater use, if water vapor condensation does not occur, there is no significant difference from soil-only emissions. However, once water vapor condensation occurs, radon accumulates rapidly, depending on the degree of radon contamination in the groundwater. Because groundwater contamination varies according to dilution by regional rainfall or inflow from other regions due to groundwater movement, abnormal changes in radon content occur. We found that in the absence of water vapor condensation in the facility, all the radon emitted from the soil and groundwater quickly escaped to the atmosphere, resulting in significantly lower indoor radon concentrations. These findings pave the way for the development of new methods to mitigate radon in WCC facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Nam
- ARIM SCIENCE Inc., 918, 66, Daehwa-ro 106 Beon-gil, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Kim
- ARIM SCIENCE Inc., 918, 66, Daehwa-ro 106 Beon-gil, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Shin
- ARIM SCIENCE Inc., 918, 66, Daehwa-ro 106 Beon-gil, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Yi
- ARIM SCIENCE Inc., 918, 66, Daehwa-ro 106 Beon-gil, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ko
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Lee
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abbas SQ, Khan J, Riaz MT, Rafique M, Zaman A, Khan S. Radon concentration in spring water as an indicator of seismic activity: a case study of the Muzaffarabad Fault in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:41. [PMID: 38097881 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Radon and its progenies found in water indicate the existence of seismically active faults in the region. However, exposure to high levels of radon can also result in radiation-related health risks. This study focuses on radon-based active tectonic studies along the Muzaffarabad Fault in the core of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS), NW Himalayas, Pakistan. In this study, spring water samples were collected along roadside of Jhelum Valley and in close proximity to the Muzaffarabad Fault in Pakistan using Radon Thoron Monitor (RTM1688-2). The results of the study showed that the radon concentrations in the water samples ranged from 1.895 to 17.097 Bq/l. The study found that the highest radon concentration was observed in the samples collected closest to the fault, while the lowest concentration was observed in the samples collected further away. The statistical analysis between the radon concentration and the distance from the fault showed a strong inverse relationship (R2=0.73). The study also found that 68% of the sampling sites had radon concentrations that exceeded the maximum contamination level (MCL) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The higher radon concentrations in the springs water suggest the probability of earthquake, which in turn poses potential health risks for the local population. The findings suggest that the measurement of radon concentration in water can be used as a tool for identifying seismically active faults in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Qamar Abbas
- Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Khan
- Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyib Riaz
- Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zaman
- Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Khan
- Geosciences Advanced Research Labs (GARL), Geological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad, 1461, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibánhez JSP, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Rocha C. Radon prevalence in domestic water in the Ría de Vigo coastal basin (NW Iberian Peninsula). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27305-6. [PMID: 37140868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Ría de Vigo catchment is situated in the largest radon-prone area of the Iberian Peninsula. High local indoor radon (222Rn) levels are the preeminent source of radiation exposure, with negative effects on health. Nevertheless, information on radon levels of natural waters and the potential human exposure risks associated with their domestic use is very sparse. To elucidate the environmental factors increasing human exposure risk to radon during domestic water use, we undertook a survey of local water sources, including springs, rivers, wells, and boreholes, over different temporal scales. Continental waters were highly enriched in 222Rn: activities ranged from 1.2 to 20.2 Bq L-1 in rivers and levels one to two orders of magnitude higher were found in groundwaters (from 8.0 to 2737 Bq L-1; median 121.1 Bq L-1). The geology and hydrogeology of local crystalline aquifers support one order of magnitude higher 222Rn activities in groundwater stored in deeper fractured rock compared to that contained within the highly weathered regolith at the surface. During the mean dry season, 222Rn activities nearly doubled in most sampled waters in comparison to the wet period (from 94.9 during the dry season to 187.3 Bq L-1 during wet period; n = 37). Seasonal water use and recharge cycles and thermal convection are postulated to explain this variation in radon activities. The high 222Rn activities cause the total effective dose of radiation received from domestic use of untreated groundwaters to exceed the recommended 0.1 mSv y-1. Since more than 70% of this dose comes from indoor water degassing and subsequent 222Rn inhalation, preventative health policy in the form of 222Rn remediation and mitigation measures should be implemented prior to pumping untreated groundwater into dwellings, particularly during the dry period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Severino Pino Ibánhez
- Laboratorio de Geoquímica Orgánica, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
- Laboratorio de Geoquímica Orgánica, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Rocha
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ullah F, Muhammad S, Ali W. Radon concentration and potential risks assessment through hot springs water consumption in the Gilgit and Chitral, Northern Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132323. [PMID: 34563776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration of radon (222Rn) in hot springs water. For this purpose, 222Rn concentration was measured using the RAD7 (Durridge Company, USA) in the water of hot springs located in Tata Pani, Gilgit (n = 4), and Garam Chashma, Chitral (n = 6), northern Pakistan. Water samples from the springs (background, n = 3) were also collected and analyzed for 222Rn concentration 40-50 km away from the hot springs in Gilgit and Chitral, northern Pakistan, to be used as background/reference concentration. The determined 222Rn in hot springs water surpassed the threshold of maximum contamination level (MCL, 11.1 Bq/L) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) in 100% samples collected from Tata Pani, Gilgit, and Garam Chashma, Chitral sites. Soil 222Rn along with the hot springs exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing distance. 222Rn concentration in hot springs water was used to calculate the exposure doses of human health through ingestion and inhalation pathways. The total effective dose for human (EWT) of 222Rn contaminated water consumption was 626 μSv/a in the Tata Pani, Gilgit and 34.7 μSv/a in the Garam Chashma, Chitral. Results revealed that hot springs water in the Tata Pani, Gilgit had surpassed the threshold limit (100 μSv/a) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study concluded that hot springs water should be avoided for drinking and other domestic uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Wajid Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo SK, Katlamudi M, Barman C, Lakshmi GU. Identification of earthquake precursors in soil radon-222 data of Kutch, Gujarat, India using empirical mode decomposition based Hilbert Huang Transform. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 222:106353. [PMID: 32784080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil radon (Rn-222) has been continuously monitored at Badargadh station (23.47°N, 70.62°E) in Kutch region of Gujarat to study the pre-seismic anomalies prior to occurrence of local earthquakes. This monitoring site is in close proximity to the South Wagad Fault, a seismically active fault in the study area. The raw data of radon along with meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure and humidity in soil of this station for the period of January 01 to December 31, 2017 with a sampling interval of 10 min were used in the analysis. The wind speed and rainfall data of the corresponding period were collected from the nearest weather station. From descriptive statistics, we found an average soil radon concentration of 343 Bq.m-3. It is observed that radon has a maximum concentration during the rainy season compared to the other two seasons. We found that radon emission rate is less during mid-nights and early morning, whereas, the radon emission is more during afternoon hours when the sun light intensity is more. In order to identify and extract the periodic oscillations in the radon time series, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was applied to the soil radon (Rn-222) time series by decomposing it into different oscillatory modes known as the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF). Several interesting non-linear features emerged from the analysis after applying Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) on significant IMFs. The temporal variation of the instantaneous energy is well correlated with four local earthquakes during the study period. Most interestingly, intermittencies in the temporal evolution of the instantaneous energy function have been observed prior to these local earthquakes. We present the results of the seismic and aseismic periods as well as a brief discussion of the analysis of radon data which can be used as a precursor of seismic activity. It is now possible to identify anomalies in radon time series using EMD based HHT method even for small-magnitude earthquakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiranjib Barman
- Department of Physics, Sidho- Kanho- Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Messier KP, Serre ML. Lung and stomach cancer associations with groundwater radon in North Carolina, USA. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:676-685. [PMID: 27639278 PMCID: PMC5837655 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of indoor air radon for lung cancer is well studied, but the risks of groundwater radon for both lung and stomach cancer are much less studied, and with mixed results. Methods Geomasked and geocoded stomach and lung cancer cases in North Carolina from 1999 to 2009 were obtained from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. Models for the association with groundwater radon and multiple confounders were implemented at two scales: (i) an ecological model estimating cancer incidence rates at the census tract level; and (ii) a case-only logistic model estimating the odds that individual cancer cases are members of local cancer clusters. Results For the lung cancer incidence rate model, groundwater radon is associated with an incidence rate ratio of 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.06] for every 100 Bq/l increase in census tract averaged concentration. For the cluster membership models, groundwater radon exposure results in an odds ratio for lung cancer of 1.13 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.23) and for stomach cancer of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.49), which means groundwater radon, after controlling for multiple confounders and spatial auto-correlation, increases the odds that lung and stomach cancer cases are members of their respective cancer clusters. Conclusion Our study provides epidemiological evidence of a positive association between groundwater radon exposure and lung cancer incidence rates. The cluster membership model results find groundwater radon increases the odds that both lung and stomach cancer cases occur within their respective cancer clusters. The results corroborate previous biokinetic and mortality studies that groundwater radon is associated with increased risk for lung and stomach cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Messier
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc L Serre
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lopes I, Vesterbacka P, Kelleher K. Comparison of radon (Rn-222) concentration in Portugal and Finland underground waters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Akkaya G, Kahraman A, Koray A, Kaynak G. Variation in the radon concentrations and outdoor gamma radiation levels in relation to different geological formations in the thermal regions of Bursa, Turkey. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:490-503. [PMID: 27355348 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/3/490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spring waters used as spas and their region may contain significant amounts of natural radionuclides. The main sources of exposure are the inhalation of radon and its decay products released from the water and soil and terrestrial gamma-radiation. In order to evaluate the potential risk of thermal regions in Bursa, located in the impact area of the NAF (North Anatolian Fault), radon and thoron concentrations in soil gas, radon concentrations in thermal waters and outdoor gamma radiation levels were measured in thermal regions that have different geological formations. The radon and thoron concentrations in soil-gas were found to vary from 2272 ± 121 to 245196 ± 3455 Bq m-3 and from 999 ± 218 to 178 848 ± 17 742 Bq m-3, respectively. The radon concentrations in thermal waters ranged from 0.99 ± 0.21 to 226.74 ± 2.51 Bq l-1 in the rainy season and from 0.26 ± 0.10 to 178.03 ± 12.86 Bq l-1 in the dry season. The measured outdoor gamma radiation levels varied from 38 to 180 nGy h-1. The gamma dose rates were found to be strong positively correlating with the radon and thoron concentrations in soil-gas. The radon and outdoor gamma radiation levels were observed to be a function of the geological formations of the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Akkaya
- Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamra L. Seasonal emanation of radon at Ghuttu, northwest Himalaya: Differentiation of atmospheric temperature and pressure influences. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 105:170-175. [PMID: 26319089 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of radon along with meteorological parameters has been carried out in a seismically active area of Garhwal region, northwest Himalaya, within the frame work of earthquake precursory research. Radon measurements are carried out by using a gamma ray detector installed in the air column at a depth of 10m in a 68m deep borehole. The analysis of long time series for 2006-2012 shows strong seasonal variability masked by diurnal and multi-day variations. Isolation of a seasonal cycle by minimising short-time by 31 day running average shows a strong seasonal variation with unambiguous dependence on atmospheric temperature and pressure. The seasonal characteristics of radon concentrations are positively correlated to atmospheric temperature (R=0.95) and negatively correlated to atmospheric pressure (R=-0.82). The temperature and pressure variation in their annual progressions are negatively correlated. The calculations of partial correlation coefficient permit us to conclude that atmospheric temperature plays a dominant role in controlling the variability of radon in borehole, 71% of the variability in radon arises from the variation in atmospheric temperature and about 6% of the variability is contributed by atmospheric pressure. The influence of pressure variations in an annual cycle appears to be a pseudo-effect, resulting from the negative correlation between temperature and pressure variations. Incorporation of these results explains the varying and even contradictory claims regarding the influence of the pressure variability on radon changes in the published literature. Temperature dependence, facilitated by the temperature gradient in the borehole, controls the transportation of radon from the deep interior to the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kamra
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun 248001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye Q, Singh RP, He A, Ji S, Liu C. Characteristic behavior of water radon associated with Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes along Longmenshan fault. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
İçhedef M, Saç M, Harmanşah C, Taskopru C. Two year evolution of radon emission and tectonic movements in Tuzla Fault, Seferihisar-İzmir. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 86:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Moreno V, Bach J, Baixeras C, Font L. Radon levels in groundwaters and natural radioactivity in soils of the volcanic region of La Garrotxa, Spain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 128:1-8. [PMID: 24239577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater radon level and soil radionuclide concentration have been measured in the volcanic region of La Garrotxa (Catalonia, Spain) to further research on the origin and dynamics of high radon levels over volcanic materials found in this region. Water samples from different aquifers have been collected from wells and springs and the water radon levels obtained have been lower than 30 Bq l(-1). Soil samples have been collected from different geological formations (volcanic and non-volcanic), being Quaternary sedimentary deposits those that have presented the highest mean values of (40)K, (226)Ra and (232)Th concentrations (448 ± 70 Bq kg(-1), 35 ± 5 Bq kg(-1) and 38 ± 5 Bq kg(-1), respectively). Additionally, indoor/outdoor terrestrial radiation absorbed dose rate in air have been measured to better characterize the region from the radiological point of view. Terrestrial radiation absorbed dose rates measurement points have been chosen on the basis of geological and demographical considerations and the results obtained, from 27 to 91 nGy h(-1), show a clear relation with geological formation materials. The highest terrestrial gamma absorbed dose rate is observed over Quaternary sedimentary deposits as well. All these results help to better understand previous surveys related with indoor and outdoor radon levels and to reinforce the hypotheses of a radon transport through the fissure network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Moreno
- Grup de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, Edifici Cc, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Bach
- Unitat de Geodinàmica Externa i d'Hidrogeologia, Departament de Geologia, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Baixeras
- Grup de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, Edifici Cc, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ll Font
- Grup de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, Edifici Cc, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Petraki E, Nikolopoulos D, Fotopoulos A, Panagiotaras D, Koulouras G, Zisos A, Nomicos C, Louizi A, Stonham J. Self-organised critical features in soil radon and MHz electromagnetic disturbances: Results from environmental monitoring in Greece. Appl Radiat Isot 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Cuoco E, Tedesco D, Poreda RJ, Williams JC, De Francesco S, Balagizi C, Darrah TH. Impact of volcanic plume emissions on rain water chemistry during the January 2010 Nyamuragira eruptive event: implications for essential potable water resources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 244-245:570-581. [PMID: 23177273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
On January 2, 2010 the Nyamuragira volcano erupted lava fountains extending up to 300 m vertically along an ~1.5 km segment of its southern flank cascading ash and gas on nearby villages and cities along the western side of the rift valley. Because rain water is the only available potable water resource within this region, volcanic impacts on drinking water constitutes a major potential hazard to public health within the region. During the 2010 eruption, concerns were expressed by local inhabitants about water quality and feelings of physical discomfort (e.g. nausea, bloating, indigestion, etc.) after consuming rain water collected after the eruption began. We present the elemental and ionic chemistry of drinking water samples collected within the region on the third day of the eruption (January 5, 2010). We identify a significant impact on water quality associated with the eruption including lower pH (i.e. acidification) and increases in acidic halogens (e.g. F(-) and Cl(-)), major ions (e.g. SO(4)(2-), NH(4)(+), Na(+), Ca(2+)), potentially toxic metals (e.g. Al(3+), Mn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Hf(4+)), and particulate load. In many cases, the water's composition significantly exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. The degree of pollution depends upon: (1) ash plume direction and (2) ash plume density. The potential negative health impacts are a function of the water's pH, which regulates the elements and their chemical form that are released into drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Cuoco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Second University of Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali Yalım H, Sandıkcıoğlu A, Ertuğrul O, Yıldız A. Determination of the relationship between radon anomalies and earthquakes in well waters on the Akşehir-Simav Fault System in Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 110:7-12. [PMID: 22321937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Radon concentrations were measured in water of 4 wells on the Akşehir-Simav Fault System (ASFS) in Afyonkarahisar province from August 2009 to September 2010 and the relationship between radon anomalies and earthquake magnitudes was examined. Anomalous decreases in radon concentrations in the wells were observed to precede the earthquakes of magnitudes ranging from 2.6 M to 3.9 M. The correlation coefficients (R(2)) were 0.79, 0.93, 0.98 and 0.90 for the wells from 1 to 4, respectively, indicating that radon minima and earthquake magnitude were well correlated and suggesting that the groundwater radon, when observed at suitable sites, can be a sensitive tracer for strain changes in crust associated with earthquake occurrences. The relationship between the two parameters can be further improved as additional radon anomalies precursor to possible large earthquakes are recorded in the wells located on the ASFS in the future. This study strongly suggests that the continuous observations of radon concentrations in well water, especially at well 3, should be carried forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Ali Yalım
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Physics Department, ANS Kampüsü, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nikolopoulos D, Petraki E, Marousaki A, Potirakis SM, Koulouras G, Nomicos C, Panagiotaras D, Stonham J, Louizi A. Environmental monitoring of radon in soil during a very seismically active period occurred in South West Greece. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2011; 14:564-78. [PMID: 22200048 DOI: 10.1039/c1em10387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the environmental monitoring of radon in soil as a potential trace gas in the search of earthquake precursors. The paper reports the following: (a) Pre-monitoring experiments. (b) Set-up of methods and devices. (c) Active and passive monitoring results concentrating on two extremely-strong radon anomalies (~ 500 kBq m(-3)). (e) Discussion regarding the employed ± 2σ technique for identifying radon disturbances. (f) Application of wavelet-power-spectrum fractal analysis for detecting power-law behaviour. The strong anomalies exhibited anti-persistent power-law-beta-values (b = (1.8 ± 0.2), b = (1.8 ± 0.3)) significantly higher than those of the baseline. Persistent b-values were also detected. The findings comply with a self-organised-critical pre-earthquake state. (h) Discussion on models that interpret the radon anomalies focusing on the recently-proposed asperity-model. (i) Application of a recent technique which showed that the two strong disturbances were proportional to the strain change. It was concluded that the strong radon disturbances may be linked to the strong earthquake of 8/6/2008, M = 6.5, occurred 29 km away from the installed instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nikolopoulos
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Material Science, Technological Educational Institution of Piraeus, Petrou Ralli & Thivon 250, 122 44 Aigaleo, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tommasone FP, De Francesco S, Cuoco E, Verrengia G, Santoro D, Tedesco D. Radon hazard in shallow groundwaters II: dry season fracture drainage and alluvial fan upwelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3352-3363. [PMID: 21696803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
²²²Rn concentrations have been measured in a well located on the edge of a large Pleistocene-Holocene fan and belonging to the shallow pyroclastic aquifer of the Pietramelara Plain, southern Italy. The aim of this study has been both to characterise the hydrological inputs that determine the influx of ²²²Rn to the shallow aquifer and to understand the correlations between ²²²Rn, major ions, physical-chemical parameters and rainfall. Results obtained from the time series indicate that the studied well shows a ²²²Rn variability that is inconsistent with a mechanism of pure hydrological amplification, such as described in Radon hazard in shallow groundwaters: Amplification and long term variability induced by rainfall (De Francesco et al., 2010a). On the contrary, in this well hydrological amplification appears to be mainly tied to the upwelling of alluvial fan waters, rich in radon, in response to pistoning from recharge in the carbonate substrate. This upwelling of alluvial fan waters occurs during almost the whole period of the annual recharge and is also responsible of the constant increase in ²²²Rn levels during the autumn-spring period, when both the water table level and weekly rainfall totals drop. Furthermore, a rapid delivery mechanism for ²²²Rn likely operates through fracture drainage in concomitance with the very first late summer-early autumn rains, when rainfall totals appear largely insufficient to saturate the soil storage capacity. Results obtained from this study appear to be particularly significant in both radon hazard zoning in relation to the shallow aquifer and possibly also for indoor radon, owing to possible shallow aquifer-soil-building exchanges. Moreover, both the spike-like events and the long wave monthly scale background fluctuations detected can also have potential significance in interpreting ²²²Rn time series data as seismic and/or volcanic precursors. Finally, ²²²Rn has proved to be an excellent tracer for hydrological inputs to the shallow aquifer when combined with major ions, physical-chemical data and geological and geomorphological controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pascale Tommasone
- Office of Civil Protection, Meteorology, Climatology and Natural Hazards, Piazza Municipio, 81051 Pietramelara, Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tan Y, Xiao D. A novel algorithm for quick and continuous tracing the change of radon concentration in environment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:043503. [PMID: 21529004 DOI: 10.1063/1.3572271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several measurements of the radon concentration are performed by RAD7 in the University of South China. We find that 30-40 min is needed for RAD7 for tracing the concentration of the standard radon chamber. There are two reasons. The first is that the sufficient time of air cycle is needed for the radon concentration in internal cell of RAD7 equal to that of the environment; and the second is that the sufficient decay time is needed for the (218)Po concentration in internal cell of RAD7 equal to that of the radon. We used a zeroth order approximation to describe the evolution of the environment radon concentration, and obtained a novel algorithm for quick and continuous tracing the change of radon concentration. The corrected radon concentration obtained through this method is in good agreement with the reference value. This method can be applied to develop and improve the instruments for tracing the change of radon concentration quickly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Tan
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan 421008, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Francesco S, Tommasone FP, Cuoco E, Tedesco D. Indoor radon seasonal variability at different floors of buildings. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Lithological and seasonal variations in radon concentrations in Cypriot groundwaters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|