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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang X, Jiao W, Zhang M, Ma F. A review of functions and mechanisms of clay soil conditioners and catalysts in thermal remediation compared to emerging photo-thermal catalysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:22-35. [PMID: 39003042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs, and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy. Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay, absorb water and replenish system heat. In contrast, non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay. The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes. The transition metal oxides and alkali metal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum and emerging contaminants. In this system, reactive oxygen species (•O2- and •OH) are generated from thermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants. Moreover, multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis. Alternatively, the alkali, nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions. Especially, photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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2
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Shi C, Shen X. Spontaneous Multi-scale Supramolecular Assembly Driven by Noncovalent Interactions Coupled with the Continuous Marangoni Effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6980-6989. [PMID: 38513349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is the multi-scale supramolecular assembly (MSSA) process along with redox reactions driven by supramolecular interactions coupled with the spontaneous Marangoni effect in ionic liquid (IL)-based extraction systems. The black powder, the single sphere with a black exterior, and the single colorless sphere were formed step by step at the interface when an aqueous solution of KMnO4 was mixed with the IL phase 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (C2OHmimNTf2) bearing octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO). The mechanism of the whole process was studied systematically. The phenomena were related closely to the change in the valence state of Mn. The MnO4- ion could be reduced quickly to δ-MnO2 and further to Mn2+ slowly by the hydroxyl-functionalized IL C2OHmimNTf2. Based on Mn2+, Mn(CMPO)32+, elementary building blocks (EBBs), and [EBB]n clusters were generated step by step. The [EBB]n clusters with the large enough size that were transferred to the interface, together with the remaining δ-MnO2, assembled into the single sphere with a black exterior, driven by supramolecular interactions coupled with the spontaneous Marangoni effect. When the remaining δ-MnO2 was used up, the mixed single sphere turned completely colorless. It was found that the reaction site of C2OHmim+ with Mn(VII) and Mn(IV) was distributed mainly at the side chain with a hydroxyl group. The MSSA process presents unique spontaneous phase changes. This work paves the way for the practical application of the MSSA-based separation method developed recently. The process also provides a convenient way to observe in situ and characterize directly the continuous Marangoni effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Fundamental Science on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinghai Shen
- Fundamental Science on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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3
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Tu Z, Qi Y, Tang X, Wang Z, Qu R. Photochemical transformation of anthracene (ANT) in surface soil: Chlorination and hydroxylation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131252. [PMID: 36963191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the fate of anthracene (ANT) in soil, the photodegradation behavior of ANT was systematically studied using SiO2 to simulate a soil environment. Under xenon lamp irradiation, more than 90% of ANT loaded on SiO2 could be removed after 240 min. Moreover, the effects of water content, chloride ions (Cl-) and humic acid (HA) were examined. It was found that the presence of water and HA can significantly inhibit the photolysis of ANT on SiO2, while the addition of chloride alone has no obvious effect. However, when water is present, the inhibition effect of chloride became more obvious. According to radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and chlorine radicals (Cl•) were formed in the system. Possible reaction pathways were speculated based on products identified by mass spectrometry. ANT was attacked by •OH to form hydroxylated products, which can be further hydroxylated and oxidized with the final formation of ring-opening products. ANT directly excited by light may also react with Cl• to produce chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs). Finally, the experimental results were verified on real soil. This study provides important information for understanding the photochemical transformation mechanism of ANT at the soil/air interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Tang
- Jiangsu Yangtze River Delta Environmental Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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4
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Oden CP, Werth CJ, Notini L, Katz LE. Fate of pyrene on mineral surfaces during thermal remediation as a function of temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1181-1194. [PMID: 35766907 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that contaminants can transform at the elevated temperatures of thermal remediation; however, the contribution of redox active minerals to transformation has not been investigated. Three redox active minerals (i.e., birnessite (MnO2), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3)) and one redox inactive mineral (Ottawa sand (SiO2)) were spiked with pyrene and thermally treated. Under dry, anoxic conditions, 100%, 75% ± 3%, 70% ± 15%, and 14% ± 28% of the initial pyrene mass was removed with birnessite, magnetite, hematite, and Ottawa sand, respectively, after treatment at 250 °C for 30 min. Under wet, oxic conditions, 92% ± 8%, 86% ± 12%, 79% ± 4%, and 42% ± 7% was removed for the same minerals, respectively, after treatment at only 150 °C for 30 min. Baseline studies with Ottawa sand resulted in volatilization alone of pyrene with no transformation observed. Increased pyrene loading was used to evaluate potential transformation pathways based on identified by-products, demonstrating that both oxidative and reductive pathways were operative depending on the conditions. Reaction products in the presence of redox active minerals indicate transformation was dominated by reduction via hydrogenation in dry experiments, and by oxidation via hydroxyl radicals in wet experiments. The latter was unexpected, because only low hydroxyl radical concentrations have been detected in mineral-water systems at ambient temperature. These results indicate that understanding dominant reaction pathways and products is advantageous for the design of efficient and safe thermally enhanced treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P Oden
- University of Texas at Austin, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, USA.
| | | | - Luiza Notini
- University of Texas at Austin, USA
- ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu J, Zhao S, Zhang R, Dai Y, Zhang C, Jia H, Guo X. How important is abiotic dissipation in natural attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143687. [PMID: 33261877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation capacity, as one of the most important ecosystem functions in soil, plays a vital role in the detoxification of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, despite the role of biodegradation is established, the contribution of abiotic dissipation to natural attenuation has long been overlooked. Herein, the abiotic dissipations of 16 types of PAHs in a past coking site and of anthracene (ANT) in various cultivated soils were studied. Results showed that the contributions of abiotic dissipation to the total attenuation were in a wide range from 11.8 to 99.7% depending on the types of PAHs. Specifically, abiotic dissipation is higher for heavy PAHs (68.3-99.7%) than for light PAHs (11.8-71.5%), with the exception of ANT (80.7%). Similarly, the contribution of abiotic dissipation to ANT attenuation ranged from 30.7 to 68.6% in eight soils. The abiotic dissipation rate of ANT followed the order of lateritic-red earth > gray-desery soil > coastal solonchaks > cumulated-irrigated soil > cinnamon soil > fluvo-aquic soil > purplish soil ~ yellow-brown earth, which was positively correlated with transition metal contents in soils. These findings demonstrated that the abiotic dissipation of PAHs is determined by both molecule properties and soil types. Overall, this work provided valuable insights into clarifying the roles of abiotic dissipation in PAH attenuation in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunchao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuetao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
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6
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Diao ZH, Pu SY, Qian W, Liang S, Kong LJ, Xia DH, Lei ZX, Du JJ, Liu H, Yang JW. Photocatalytic removal of phenanthrene and algae by a novel Ca-Ag 3PO 4 composite under visible light: Reactivity and coexisting effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:511-518. [PMID: 30660907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of a novel Ca-Ag3PO4 composite with visible light irradiation for the phenanthrene (PHE) degradation and algae inactivation in artificial seawater was firstly investigated. The experimental findings revealed that Ag3PO4 phase was sucessfully formed on the Ca-based material, and the presence of Ca-based material could effectively keep Ag3PO4 particles stable. An excellent performance on PHE degradation or algae inactivation was observed from Ca-Ag3PO4 composite under visible light irradiation. The degradation of PHE or inactivation of algae not only could be efficiently achieved in the single mode, but also could be successfully achieved in the coexisting mode. Above 96% of PHE and algae were simultaneously removed within 12 h in the Ca-Ag3PO4/visible light system. It was further observed that the degradation of PHE and/or inactivation of algae increased with the increase of Ca-Ag3PO4 dosage. HO was the primary radical responsible for PHE degradation, whereas HO and Ag+ released from Ca-Ag3PO4 mainly contributed to the algae inactivation. A possible mechanism involving the catalytic removal of PHE and algae by Ca-Ag3PO4 under visible light irradiation was proposed. This study provides helpful guide for the simultaneous removal of various pollutants in real seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hui Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sheng-Yan Pu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Ling-Jun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - De-Hua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jian-Jun Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
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7
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Jia H, Zhao S, Shi Y, Fan X, Wang T. Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals during the transformation of anthracene in different soils: Roles of soil characteristics and ambient conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:214-223. [PMID: 30240995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of PAHs, i.e., anthracene, and production of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on seven types of representative soils were investigated, focusing on the influences of soil characteristics and ambient conditions on these reactions. The transformation rate of anthracene exhibits the order of red earth > yellow earth > latosol ∼ fluvo-aquic soil > brown earth > chernozem > calcic brown soil, which is positively correlated with Fe content in soils. Afterwards, batch reactions on pure representatives of soil minerals, including Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeOOH, and MnO2, demonstrate that anthracene is prone to mineral-promoted transformation. The presence of higher amount of organic carbon lower the transformation rate of anthracene, whereas the formed EPFRs can be stabilized for a longer time. Subsequent experiments associated with the influences of environmental conditions on mineral-promoted reactions suggest that both anthracene transformation and EPFRs generation readily occur under dry condition. Light irradiation not only promotes the formation of EPFRs, but also greatly accelerates the decay of EPFRs and the 1/e lifetime decreases from 5 to 20 d in dark to approximately 1 d. Meanwhile, the anoxic condition is favorable for the persistence of EPFRs. The obtained results suggested the potential environmental risks association with EPFRs in PAHs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Song Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yafang Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fan
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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8
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Krzebietke SJ, Wierzbowska J, Żarczyński PJ, Sienkiewicz S, Bosiacki M, Markuszewski B, Nogalska A, Mackiewicz-Walec E. Content of PAHs in soil of a hazel orchard depending on the method of weed control. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:422. [PMID: 29938350 PMCID: PMC6018592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PAHs belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the natural environment. They eventually accumulate in the highest quantities in soil. The purpose of this study has been to determine quantities of PAHs in soil depending on the method applied to control weeds in rows of a 4-year plantation of hazel (mulch fabric, bark chips, sawdust, manure compost, bare fallow, chemical fallow, grass sward). The highest concentration of PAHs (16 PAHs) was found in soil kept as bare fallow. The second most abundant concentration of these compounds was determined in soil under grass sward, followed by soil under sawdust, chemical fallow, and fabric. Less of these compounds accumulated in soil mulched with bark chips. The best method for protection of orchard soil against the accumulation of unwanted and toxic PAHs was mulching with manure compost. In most cases, lower concentrations of PAHs (total 16) were found in the subsoil (30-60 cm) than in the topmost soil layer, except the soil covered with mulch fabric, where fourfold more PAHs accumulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Krzebietke
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Wierzbowska
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P J Żarczyński
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Sienkiewicz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Bosiacki
- Department of Horticultural Plant Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
| | - B Markuszewski
- Department of Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Nogalska
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - E Mackiewicz-Walec
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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9
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Chen S, Sun Y, Li J, Xiong L. Degradation of amyl xanthate by manganese dioxide. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3404-3409. [PMID: 29236019 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyl xanthate (AX), a widely used reagent in sulfide mineral flotation, has caused serious environmental problems. Manganese dioxides (MnO2), ubiquitous in natural soils and sediments, are one kind of important oxidant or catalyst in facilitating organic pollutant decomposition. In this study, the oxidative degradation of AX by MnO2 was investigated in batch experiments. It was found that up to 90% AX was decomposed by MnO2 in 30 min and the removal efficiency of AX depended strongly on the loading of MnO2 and pH value in the solution where the reactions closely followed a pseudo-first-order model. The reaction orders with respect to the initial AX concentration, MnO2 concentration and pH value were 0.4573, 0.2034, and -0.1701, respectively. Coexisting metal ions, such as Mn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, displayed suppressive effects and the inhibitive capacity of the metal ions followed the order Mn2+ > Fe3+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+. However, the effect of humic acid (HA) on reaction rates was significant only at higher concentrations. This study provided meaningful information to elucidate the oxidative degradation of AX by MnO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China E-mail:
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China E-mail:
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China E-mail:
| | - Ling Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China E-mail:
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10
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Zhao S, Jia H, Nulaji G, Gao H, Wang F, Wang C. Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Fe 3+-montmorillonite surface under visible light: Degradation kinetics, mechanism, and toxicity assessments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1346-1354. [PMID: 28687030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical behavior of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Fe3+-modified montmorillonite was explored to determine their potential kinetics, pathways, and mechanism under visible light. Depending on the type of PAH molecules, the transformation rate follows the order of benzo[a]pyrene ≈ anthracene > benzo[a]anthracene > phenanthrene. Quantum simulation results confirm the crucial role of "cation-π" interaction between Fe3+ and PAHs on their transformation kinetics. Primary intermediates, including quinones, ring-opening products and benzene derivatives, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the possible photodegradation pathway of benzo[a]pyrene was proposed. Meanwhile, radical intermediates, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free organic radicals, were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The photolysis of selected PAHs, such as anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, on clay surface firstly occurs by electron transfer from PAHs to Fe3+-montmorillonite, followed by degradation involving photo-induced ROS such as ·OH and ·O2-. To investigate the acute toxicity of photolysis products, the Microtox® toxicity test was performed during the photodegradation processes of various PAHs. As a result, the photo-irradiation initially induces increased toxicity by generating reactive intermediates, such as free organic radicals, and then the toxicity gradually decreases with increasing of reaction time. Overall, the present study provides useful information to understand the fate and photo-transformation of PAHs in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Gulimire Nulaji
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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11
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Qi J, Lan H, Miao S, Xu Q, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. KMnO4-Fe(II) pretreatment to enhance Microcystis aeruginosa removal by aluminum coagulation: Does it work after long distance transportation? WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:127-134. [PMID: 26479785 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
KMnO4-Fe(II) pretreatment was proposed to enhance Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) removal by aluminum (Al) coagulation in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in our previous study. This study aims to optimize this process and evaluate the feasibility of using the process at water sources, which are usually far away from DWTPs. The optimum molar ratio of KMnO4 to Fe(II) [Formula: see text] is observed to be 1:3 with respect to algae removal and residual manganese (Mn) control. As indicated from flow cytometer analysis, KMnO4 at <20 μM promisingly maintains cell integrity, with damaged cell ratios of below 10%. KMnO4 at 30 and 60 μM damages M. aeruginosa cells more significantly and the damaged cell ratios increase to 21% and 34% after 480 min. The intracellular organic matter (IOM) release can be controlled by the subsequent introduction of Fe(II) to quench residual KMnO4. KMnO4-Fe(II) pretreatment at the KMnO4 dose of 10 μM dramatically enhances the algae removal by over 70% compared to that by Al coagulation, even if KMnO4 and Fe(II) are introduced 480 min prior to the addition of Al2(SO4)3. The Al doses can be reduced by more than half to achieve the same algae removal. Furthermore, the deposition of the tiny Fe-Mn precipitates formed rarely occurs, as indicated by a settleability evaluation prior to Al addition. The KMnO4-Fe(II) process can be sequentially dosed at intake points in water sources to achieve moderate inactivation of algae cells and to enhance algae removal in DWTPs thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Jia H, Chen H, Nulaji G, Li X, Wang C. Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on photo-degradation of phenanthrene catalyzed by Fe(III)-smectite under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:266-271. [PMID: 26091867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is potentially an important process for its transformation and fate on contaminated soil surfaces. In this study, phenanthrene is employed as a model to explore PAH photodegradation with the assistance of Fe(III)-smectite under visible-light while focusing on roles played by five low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), i.e., malic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and nitrilotriacetic acid. Our results show that oxalic acid is most effective in promoting the photodegradation of phenanthrene, while only a slight increase in the rate of phenanthrene photodegradation is observed in the presence of malic acid. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments confirm the formation of CO2(-) radicals in the presence of malic and oxalic acid, which provides strong evidence for generating OH and subsequent photoreaction pathways. The presence of EDTA or nitrilotriacetic acid significantly inhibits both Fe(II) formation and phenanthrene photodegradation because these organic anions tend to chelate with Fe(III), leading to decreases in the electron-accepting potential of Fe(III)-smectite and a weakened interaction between phenanthrene and Fe(III)-smectite. These observations provide valuable insights into the transformation and fate of PAHs in the natural soil environment and demonstrate the potential for using some LMWOAs as additives for the remediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Jia
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Gulimire Nulaji
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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13
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Jia H, Li L, Chen H, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang C. Exchangeable cations-mediated photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on smectite surface under visible light. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:16-23. [PMID: 25621830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Clay minerals saturated with different exchangeable cations are expected to play various roles in photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via direct and/or indirect pathways on clay surfaces. In the present study, anthracene and phenanthrene were selected as molecule probes to investigate the roles of exchangeable cations on their photodegradation under visible light irradiation. For five types of cation-modified smectite clays, the photodegradation rate of anthracene and phenanthrene follows the order: Fe(3+)>Al(3+)>Cu(2+)>>Ca(2+)>K(+)>Na(+), which is consistent with the binding energy of cation-π interactions between PAHs and exchangeable cations. The result suggests that PAHs photolysis rate depends on cation-π interactions on clay surfaces. Meanwhile, the deposition of anthracene at the Na(+)-smectite and K(+)-smectite surface favors solar light absorption, resulting in enhanced direct photodecomposition of PAHs. On the other hand, smectite clays saturated with Fe(3+), Al(3+), and Cu(2+) are highly photoreactive and can act as potential catalysts giving rise to oxidative radicals such as O2(-) , which initiate the transformation of PAHs. The present work provides valuable insights into understanding the transformation and fate of PAHs in the natural soil environment and sheds light on the development of technologies for contaminated land remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Jia
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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14
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Yang A, Wei B, Zhang Z. Synthesis of flower-like manganese wad and its decolorization performance for azo dye Congo red. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Jia H, Li L, Fan X, Liu M, Deng W, Wang C. Visible light photodegradation of phenanthrene catalyzed by Fe(III)-smectite: role of soil organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 256-257:16-23. [PMID: 23669786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, phenanthrene is employed as a model to explore the roles played by three soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, i.e., dissolved organic matter (DOM), humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA), in its photodegradation with assistance of Fe(III)-smectite under visible-light. Slight decrease in phenanthrene photodegradation rate was observed in the presence of DOM, which is explained in terms of oxidative-radical competition between DOM and target phenanthrene molecules due to the high electron-donor capacity of phenolic moieties in DOM. On the other hand, a critic content is observed with FA (0.70mg/g) and HA (0.65mg/g). Before reaching the critic content, the removal of phenanthrene is accelerated; while after that, the photodegradation rate is suppressed. The acceleration of phenanthrene degradation can be attributed to the photosensitization of FA and HA. Due to the strong interaction between phenanthrene and the phenyl rings, however, the retention of phenanthrene on SOM-Fe(III)-smectite in the presence of high content of HA or FA is enhanced, thus slowing down its photodegradation. Those observations provide valuable insights into the transformation and fate of PAHs in the natural soil environment and open a window for using clay-humic substances complexes for remediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Jia
- Laboratory of Eco-Materials and Sustainable Technology LEMST, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
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Chang Chien SW, Chang CH, Chen SH, Wang MC, Madhava Rao M, Satya Veni S. Effect of sunlight irradiation on photocatalytic pyrene degradation in contaminated soils by micro-nano size TiO2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:4101-4108. [PMID: 21762957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced catalytic pyrene degradation in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils by micro-nano size TiO(2) in the presence and absence of sunlight was investigated. The results showed that the synergistic effect of sunlight irradiation and TiO(2) was more efficient on pyrene degradation in quartz sand and red and alluvial soils than the corresponding reaction system without sunlight irradiation. In the presence of sunlight irradiation, the photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene was very pronounced in alluvial and red soils and especially in quartz sand. However, in the absence of sunlight irradiation, the catalytic pyrene degradation by TiO(2) and the photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene were almost nil. This implicates that ultra-violet (UV) wavelength range of sunlight plays an important role in TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic pyrene degradation and in photooxidation (without TiO(2)) of pyrene. The percentages of photocatalytic pyrene degradation by TiO(2) in quartz sand, alluvial and red soils under sunlight irradiation were 78.3, 23.4, and 31.8%, respectively, at 5h reaction period with a 5% (w/w) dose of the amended catalyst. The sequence of TiO(2)-enhanced catalytic pyrene degradation in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils was quartz sand>red soil>alluvial soil, due to different texture and total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the quartz sand and other two soils. The differential Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of degraded pyrene in alluvial soil corroborate that TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate of degraded pyrene was much greater than photooxidation (without TiO(2)) rate of degraded pyrene. Based on the data obtained, the importance for the application of TiO(2)-enhanced photocatalytic pyrene degradation and associated organic contaminants in contaminated soils was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang Chien
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong District, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan, ROC
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