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Bachelier F, Mascles M, McGillen MR, Amiet JP, Grosselin B, Bazin D, Daële V. Development, optimization and validation of automated volatile organic compound data analysis using an on-line thermal desorption gas chromatograph with dual detection and application to measurements in ambient air. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465327. [PMID: 39232417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Because of their major role in indoor and outdoor air pollution, even at trace levels, VOCs are of great interest, and their monitoring requires sensitive analytical instruments. Several techniques are commonly used, such as portable sensors, Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC). The latter is widely used off- and on-line with Flame Ionization Detectors (FID) or Mass Spectrometers (MS). Given the large number of molecules detected per chromatogram, the data generated by these monitoring techniques are usually checked and reprocessed manually. This process is extremely time consuming and could result in human error. The challenge is to provide reliable results as quickly as possible. In this study, the performances of an on-line TD-GC system with dual detection FID and MS were tested. The Method Detection Limits (MDL), linearities and accuracies of 60 VOCs (alkanes, aromatics, oxygenated and halogenated) were calculated both for FID and MS detectors. The MDLs and accuracies ranged from 0.006 to 0.618 ppbv and from 77 % to 100 % for FID, and from 0.018 to 0.760 ppbv and from 80 % to 100 % for MS. Both detectors showed good complementarity and allowed the development of two programs to facilitate data analysis. These algorithms were designed to autonomously select optimal results between FID and MS detectors, and were evaluated for outdoor and indoor measurement conditions. Measuring VOCs in field campaigns is challenging, and it is anticipated that these programs could be extended to other types of dual-detector systems or for the comparison of data from different calibrated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bachelier
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE-CNRS), 1C, av. de la Recherche Scientifique CS 50060 - 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Chromatotec, 15 rue d'Artiguelongue, Saint-Antoine 33240, France
| | - Mathilde Mascles
- Chromatotec, 15 rue d'Artiguelongue, Saint-Antoine 33240, France
| | - Max R McGillen
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE-CNRS), 1C, av. de la Recherche Scientifique CS 50060 - 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Benoit Grosselin
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE-CNRS), 1C, av. de la Recherche Scientifique CS 50060 - 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Damien Bazin
- Chromatotec, 15 rue d'Artiguelongue, Saint-Antoine 33240, France
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE-CNRS), 1C, av. de la Recherche Scientifique CS 50060 - 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Allegretto JA, Dostalek J. Metal-Organic Frameworks in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401437. [PMID: 38868917 PMCID: PMC11321619 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are a major class of environmental pollutants hazardous to human health, but also highly relevant in other fields including early disease diagnostics and organoleptic perception of aliments. Therefore, accurate analysis of VOC is essential, and a need for new analytical methods is witnessed for rapid on-site detection without complex sample preparation. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) offers a rapidly developing versatile analytical platform for the portable detection of chemical species. Nonetheless, the need for efficient docking of target analytes at the metallic surface significantly narrows the applicability of SERS. This limitation can be circumvented by interfacing the sensor surface with Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF). These materials featuring chemical and structural versatility can efficiently pre-concentrate low molecular weight species such as VOC through their ordered porous structure. This review presents recent trends in the development of MOF-based SERS substrates with a focus on elucidating respective design rules for maximizing analytical performance. An overview of the status of the detection of harmful VOC is discussed in the context of industrial and environmental monitoring. In addition, a survey of the analysis of VOC biomarkers for medical diagnosis and emerging applications in aroma and flavor profiling is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Allegretto
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryDanube Private UniversityKrems3500Austria
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryDanube Private UniversityKrems3500Austria
- FZU‐Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 2Prague82021Czech Republic
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3
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Alves Soares T, Caspers BA, Loos HM. Volatile organic compounds in preen oil and feathers - a review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1085-1099. [PMID: 38303487 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
For a long time birds were assumed to be anosmic or at best microsmatic, with olfaction a poorly understood and seldom investigated part of avian physiology. The full viability of avian olfaction was first discovered through its functions in navigation and foraging. Subsequently, researchers have investigated the role of olfaction in different social and non-social contexts, including reproduction, kin recognition, predator avoidance, navigation and foraging. In parallel to the recognition of the importance of olfaction for avian social behaviour, there have been advances in the techniques and methods available for the sampling and analysis of trace volatiles and odourants, leading to insights into the chemistry underlying chemical communication in birds. This review provides (i) an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the volatile chemical composition of preen oil and feathers, its phylogenetic coverage, chemical signatures and their potential functions, and (ii) a discussion of current methods used for the isolation and detection of volatiles. Finally, lines for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Alves Soares
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Barbara A Caspers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
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Dobrokhotov V, Larin A, Viugina E, Emberton A, Livchak A, Cremer JT, Gary CK. A Compact Monitor for Ethylene and Other Plant-Produced Volatile Organic Compounds for NASA Space Missions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9713. [PMID: 38139559 PMCID: PMC10747848 DOI: 10.3390/s23249713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the development of a compact analytical instrument for monitoring ethylene in compact greenhouses utilized by NASA to grow fresh vegetables in space. Traditionally, ethylene measurements are conducted by GC-MS systems. However, in space, they are not applicable due to their bulky size, heavy weight, special carrier gas requirement and high maintenance. Our group developed a compact and robust battery-powered ethylene monitor based on the principles of analytical gas chromatography. The device utilizes purified ambient air as a carrier gas and a metal oxide sensor as a GC detector. Implementation of a CarboWax 20 M packed column from Restek together with a Tenax TA pre-concentrator allowed us to achieve a 20 ppb limit of detection for ethylene. Full automation of measurements and reporting of concentrations was accomplished via the implementation of a Raspberry Pi 4 computer and a 7″ 720P LED capacitive touchscreen utilized for data output. Based on a feasibility study, a fully automated, industrial-grade ethylene monitoring and removal system for greenhouses was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Dobrokhotov
- Applied Physics Institute, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;
| | | | - Elena Viugina
- Adelphi Technology LLC, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.V.); (J.T.C.J.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Adam Emberton
- Applied Physics Institute, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;
| | - Andrey Livchak
- Halton Group, Scottsville, KY 42164, USA; (A.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Jay T. Cremer
- Adelphi Technology LLC, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.V.); (J.T.C.J.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Charles K. Gary
- Adelphi Technology LLC, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (E.V.); (J.T.C.J.); (C.K.G.)
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Tao L, Zhou Z, Tao J, Zhang L, Wu C, Li J, Yue D, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Huang J, Wang B. High contribution of new particle formation to ultrafine particles in four seasons in an urban atmosphere in south China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 889:164202. [PMID: 37207765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultra fine particles (UFP) cover the size range of both nucleation mode particles (NUC, Dp < 25 nm) and Aitken mode particles (AIT, 25 nm < Dp < 100 nm), and play important roles in radiative forcing and human health. In this study, we identified new particle formation (NPF) events and undefined events, explored their potential formation mechanism, and quantified their contributions to UFP number concentration (NUFP) in urban Dongguan of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Field campaigns were carried out in four seasons in 2019 to measure particle number concentration in the size range of 4.7-673.2 nm, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gaseous pollutants, chemical compositions in PM2.5, and meteorological parameters. The frequency of the occurrence of NPF, as indicated by a significant increase in NUC number concentration (NNUC), was 26 %, and that of the undefined event, as indicated by substantial increases in NNUC or AIT number concentration (NAIT), was 32 % during the whole campaign period. The NPF events mainly occurred in autumn (with a frequency of 59 %) and winter (33 %) and only occasionally in spring (4 %) and summer (4 %). On the contrary, the frequencies of the undefined events were higher in spring (52 %) and summer (38 %) than in autumn (19 %) and winter (22 %). The burst periods of the NPF events mainly occurred before 11:00 Local Time (LT), while those of the undefined events mainly occurred after 11:00 LT. Accompanied to NPF events were low concentrations of VOCs and high concentrations of O3. The undefined events by NUC or AIT were associated with the upwind transport of newly formed particles. Source apportionment analysis suggested that NPF and undefined events were the largest contributor to NNUC (51 ± 28 %), NAIT (41 ± 26 %), and NUFP (45 ± 27 %), while coal combustion and biomass burning, and traffic emission were the second largest contributor to NNUC (22 ± 20 %) and NAIT (39 ± 28 %), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Dongguan Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheng Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- RCE-TEA, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dingli Yue
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Yuan
- Sailbri Cooper Inc., Tigard, Oregon, United States
| | - Junjun Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang W, Chen H, Zhu W, Gong Z, Yin H, Gao C, Zhu A, Wang D. A two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption GC/MS online system for monitoring volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:869. [PMID: 37347444 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Real-time online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air is crucial for timely and effective human health protection. Here, we developed an innovative, automated two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system for real-time online monitoring of 117 regulated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This system comprised a sampling unit, water management trap, two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption unit, thermoelectric coolers (TECs), and a commercial GC/MS system. By implementing a micro-purge-and-trap (MP & T) step and a two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption unit, the presence of interfering substances was effectively minimized. The utilization of a heart-cutting GC, combined with a single MS detector, facilitated the precise separation and detection of 117 C2-C12 VOCs, while circumventing the identification and coelution challenges commonly associated with traditional GC-FID or GC-FID/MS methods. The performance of our newly developed online system was meticulously optimized and evaluated using standard gas mixtures. Under optimal conditions, we achieved impressive results, with R2 values ≥ 0.9946 for the standard linear curves of all 117 VOCs, demonstrating a precision (RSD) ranging from 0.2% to 6.4%. When applied in the field monitoring, the concentration drifts for 10 ppbv standard gas mixtures were 0.01-5.64% within 24 h. Our study developed a system for online monitoring of 117 atmospheric VOCs with relatively high accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- School of Leisure Tourism, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29442, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Sichuan Branch, Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu, 610756, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Sichuan Shengshi Technology Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Hebei Sailhero Environmental Protection High-Tech Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Anni Zhu
- School of Leisure Tourism, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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7
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You B, Zhou W, Li J, Li Z, Sun Y. A review of indoor Gaseous organic compounds and human chemical Exposure: Insights from Real-time measurements. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107611. [PMID: 36335895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous organic compounds, mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have become a wide concern in various indoor environments where we spend the majority of our daily time. The sources, compositions, variations, and sinks of indoor VOCs are extremely complex, and their potential impacts on human health are less understood. Owing to the deployment of the state-of-the-art real-time mass spectrometry during the last two decades, our understanding of the sources, dynamic changes and chemical transformations of VOCs indoors has been significantly improved. This review aims to summarize the key findings from mass spectrometry measurements in recent indoor studies including residence, classroom, office, sports center, etc. The sources and sinks, compositions and distributions of indoor VOCs, and the factors (e.g., human activities, air exchange rate, temperature and humidity) driving the changes in indoor VOCs are discussed. The physical and chemical processes of gas-particle partitioning and secondary oxidation processes of VOCs, and their impacts on human health are summarized. Finally, the recommendations for future research directions on indoor VOCs measurements and indoor chemistry are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Jiang J, Ji Y, Li X. On-line trace monitoring of volatile halogenated compounds in air by improved thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463507. [PMID: 36155078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Volatile halogenated compounds (VHCs) are important industrial chemicals and play a crucial role in potential stratospheric ozone-depletion and global warming. Profiling of VHCs is of great significance but replete with challenges due to the species' richness and diversity. In this study, we developed a novel method employing water removal mode combined with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) for on-line measurement of VHCs at the ultratrace level. By removing water with Nafion dryer tandem cold trap device, VHCs could achieve better separation and identification, and detection precision of VHCs lower than 10%. The proposed method exhibited limits of detection for VHCs ranging from 0.1 to 6.2 pptv. Benefiting from the improved trapping efficiency due to water removal, we successfully quantified 34 VHCs at the Shangdianzi background station and achieved a comprehensive assessment of VHCs in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yongyan Ji
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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Li M, Wang S, Xu C, Ruan H, Wang W, Chen C, Li H. Parallel Coupling of Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for the Real-Time Alarm Triggering and Identification of Hazardous Chemical Leakages. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11852-11858. [PMID: 34406745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous chemical leakages involved in chemical terrorist attacks and chemical industrial accidents have been posing severe threats to human health and the environment. Vehicle-mounted mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed for continuous, on-road measurements to map the spatial and temporal distributions of hazardous chemicals. However, the detection of chemicals with small temporal scales and spatial scales is always challenging. In this study, a parallel coupling apparatus combining the techniques of ion mobility spectrometry and ion trap MS (p-IMS-ITMS) was developed to improve the detection rate and the time response capability of a stand-alone ITMS system for short time-span chemical tracking. A workflow was also proposed along with the apparatus, where the ITMS system can be triggered, as chemical suspects were discovered with the IMS system. The sampling positions of the ITMS system were investigated and optimized. In addition, a strategy was proposed to diminish the time span of samples from 1.5 to 0.5 s for evaluating the performances of the p-IMS-ITMS system. The detection rate of the stand-alone ITMS system was measured to be only 9.5, 32, and 87.5% for the time span of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 s, respectively. By comparison, the detection rates of the p-IMS-ITMS system were 99.5, 100, and 100%, where the detection rate was increased by a factor of 10 for 0.5 s time span. Moreover, the addition of an IMS system could provide temporal patterns of hazardous chemicals with a resolution of 33 ms. Finally, the potential of the p-IMS-ITMS system for environmental navigation monitoring and assessment was further demonstrated by detecting the leakages of dimethyl methyl phosphonate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China.,Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
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10
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Heeley-Hill AC, Grange SK, Ward MW, Lewis AC, Owen N, Jordan C, Hodgson G, Adamson G. Frequency of use of household products containing VOCs and indoor atmospheric concentrations in homes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:699-713. [PMID: 34037627 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a key class of atmospheric emission released from highly complex petrochemical, transport and solvent sources both outdoors and indoors. This study established the concentrations and speciation of VOCs in 60 homes (204 individuals, 360 × 72 h samples, 40 species) in summer and winter, along with outdoor controls. Self-reported daily statistics were collected in each home on the use of cleaning, household and personal care products, all of which are known to release VOCs. Frequency of product use varied widely: deodorants: 2.9 uses home per day; sealant-mastics 0.02 uses home per day. The total concentration of VOCs indoors (range C2-C10) was highly variable between homes e.g. range 16.6-8150 μg m-3 in winter. Indoor concentrations of VOCs exceeded outdoor for 84% of households studied in summer and 100% of homes in winter. The most abundant VOCs found indoors in this study were n-butane (wintertime range: 1.5-4630 μg m-3), likely released as aerosol propellant, ethanol, acetone and propane. The cumulative use VOC-containing products over multiday timescales by occupants provided little predictive power to infer 72 hour averaged indoor concentrations. However, there was weak covariance between the cumulative usage of certain products and individual VOCs. From a domestic emissions perspective, reducing the use of hydrocarbon-based aerosol propellants indoors would likely have the largest impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden C Heeley-Hill
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stuart K Grange
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martyn W Ward
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Neil Owen
- Givaudan UK Ltd, Kennington Road, TN24 0LT Ashford, UK
| | | | - Gemma Hodgson
- QI Statistics, Overdene House, 49 Church Street, Theale, Berkshire RG7 5BX, UK
| | - Greg Adamson
- Givaudan Fragrances Corp., 717 Ridgedale Ave, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA
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11
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Yang J, Zhu Z, Feng J, Xue M, Meng Z, Qiu L, Mondele Mbola N. Dimethyl sulfoxide infiltrated photonic crystals for gas sensing. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometer in Online Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Abstract
A novel approach to analysis of complex gaseous mixtures is presented. The approach is based on the utilization of a compact gas chromatograph in combination with an array of highly integrated and selective metal oxide (MOX) sensors. Thanks to the implementation of a multisensory detector, the device collects multiple chromatograms in a single run. The sensors in the integrated MEMS platform are very distinct in their catalytic properties. Hence, the time separation by chromatographic column is complemented by catalytic separation by a multisensory detector. Furthermore, the device can perform the analysis in a broad range of concentrations, from ppb to hundreds of ppm. Low ppb and even sub-ppb levels of detection for some analytes were achieved. As a part of this effort, nanocomposite gas sensors were synthesized for selective detection of hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, alcohols, ketones, and heavy hydrocarbons.
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de Blas M, Ibáñez P, García JA, Gómez MC, Navazo M, Alonso L, Durana N, Iza J, Gangoiti G, de Cámara ES. Summertime high resolution variability of atmospheric formaldehyde and non-methane volatile organic compounds in a rural background area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:862-877. [PMID: 30096675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On rural background areas atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) is important for its abundance and chemical reactivity, directly linked to the tropospheric ozone formation processes. HCHO is also toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Atmospheric HCHO was continuously measured in summer 2016 during 81 days (N = 6722, average: 1.42 ppbv) in a rural background area in Northern Spain, Valderejo Natural Park (VNP) using a Hantzsch fluorimetric system. To better characterize the photochemical processes the database was completed with hourly measurements of 63 Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) performed by gas chromatography and other common atmospheric pollutants and meteorological parameters. HCHO mixing ratios were highly correlated with ozone and isoprene. Cloudy and rainy days, with low temperature and radiation, led to low HCHO mixing ratios, with maxima (<2 ppbv) registered around 14 UTC. On days with increased radiation and temperature HCHO maxima occurred slightly later (<6 ppbv, ≈16:00 UTC). During clear summer days with high temperature and radiation, two HCHO peaks were registered daily, one synchronized with the radiation maximum (≈3-4 ppbv, ≈13:00 UTC) and an absolute maximum (<10 ppbv, ≈18:00 UTC), associated with the addition of HCHO coming into VNP due to inbound transport of old polluted air masses. In the ozone episode studied, the processes of accumulation and recharge of ozone and of HCHO ran in parallel, leading to similar daily patterns of variation. Finally, HCHO mixing ratios measured in VNP were compared with other measurements at rural, forested, and remote sites all over the world, obtaining similar values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite de Blas
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ibáñez
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio García
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Gómez
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Marino Navazo
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Lucio Alonso
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Nieves Durana
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jon Iza
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Gotzon Gangoiti
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
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15
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de Blas M, Uria-Tellaetxe I, Gomez MC, Navazo M, Alonso L, García JA, Durana N, Iza J, Ramón JD. Atmospheric carbon tetrachloride in rural background and industry surrounded urban areas in Northern Iberian Peninsula: Mixing ratios, trends, and potential sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:26-34. [PMID: 27092418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Latest investigations on atmospheric carbon tetrachloride (CTC) are focused on its ozone depleting potential, adverse effects on the human health, and radiative efficiency and Global Warming Potential as a greenhouse gas. CTC mixing ratios have been thoroughly studied since its restriction under the Montreal Protocol, mostly in remote areas with the aim of reporting long-term trends after its banning. The observed decrease of the CTC background mixing ratio, however, was not as strong as expected. In order to explain this behavior CTC lifetime should be adjusted by estimating the relative significance of its sinks and by identifying ongoing potential sources. Looking for possible sources, CTC was measured with high-time resolution in two sites in Northern Spain, using auto-GC systems and specifically developed acquisition and processing methodologies. The first site, Bilbao, is an urban area influenced by the surrounding industry, where measurements were performed with GC-MSD for a one-year period (2007-2008). The second site, at Valderejo Natural Park (VNP), is a rural background area where measurements were carried out with GC-FID and covering CTC data a nonsuccessive five-year period (2003-2005, 2010-2011, and 2014-2015years). Median yearly CTC mixing ratios were slightly higher in the urban area (120pptv) than in VNP (80-100pptv). CTC was reported to be well mixed in the atmosphere and no sources were noticed to impact the rural site. The observed long-term trend in VNP was in agreement with the estimated global CTC emissions. In the urban site, apart from industrial and commercial CTC sources, chlorine-bleach products used as cleaning agents were reported as promotors of indoor sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite de Blas
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Carmen Gomez
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Marino Navazo
- University College of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Lucio Alonso
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio García
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Nieves Durana
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jon Iza
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jarol Derley Ramón
- School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
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16
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Verriele M, Allam N, Depelchin L, Le Coq L, Locoge N. Improvement in 8h-sampling rate assessment considering meteorological parameters variability for biogas VOC passive measurements in the surroundings of a French landfill. Talanta 2015; 144:294-302. [PMID: 26452825 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Passive sampling technology has been extensively used for long-term VOC atmospheric concentrations' monitoring. Its performances regarding the short-term measurements and related to VOC from biogas were evaluated in this work: laboratory scale experiments have been conducted in order to check the suitability of Radiello® diffusive samplers for the assessment of 8 h-VOC levels in highly changeable meteorological conditions; in a second step a short pilot field campaign was implemented in the vicinity of a West-French landfill. First of all, it was assessed that amongst a diversified list of 16 characteristic compounds from biogas, mercaptans, some halogenated, oxygenated compounds and terpenes could not be measured accurately by this passive technique either because they are not captured by the sorbent or they are not quantitatively desorbed in the chosen mediated analytical conditions. Moreover, it has been confirmed that sampling rates (SR) related to isopentane, THF, cyclohexane, toluene, p-xylene and n-decane are influenced by environmental factors: the main influence concerns the wind speed. From 2 m s(-1), when the velocity increases by 1 m s(-1), the SR increases from 12 to 32% depending on the COV (considering a linear dependence between 2 and 7 m s(-1)). Humidity has no effect on SR, and temperature influence is rather limited to less than 3% per degree. A comprehensive uncertainty estimation, including uncertainties linked to meteorological changes, has led to global relative uncertainties comprising between 18% and 54% from one VOC to another: a quite high value comparatively to those obtained without considering meteorological condition influences. To illustrate our results, targeted VOC were quantified in the field, on a single day: concentrations range between LD to 3 µg m(-3): relatively very low concentrations compared to those usually reported by literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Verriele
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, BP 10838, F-59508 Douai Cedex, France.
| | - Nadine Allam
- LUNAM, Mines Nantes, GEPEA, CNRS, UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, FR-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence Depelchin
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, BP 10838, F-59508 Douai Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Le Coq
- LUNAM, Mines Nantes, GEPEA, CNRS, UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, FR-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nadine Locoge
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, BP 10838, F-59508 Douai Cedex, France
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Cometto-Muñiz JE, Abraham MH. Compilation and analysis of types and concentrations of airborne chemicals measured in various indoor and outdoor human environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:70-86. [PMID: 25666050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to summarize and illustrate the results of a literature search on the types, levels, relative concentrations, concentration spread of individual chemicals, and number of airborne compounds (mostly volatile organic compounds, VOCs) that have been found, measured, and reported both indoors and outdoors. Two broad categories of indoor environments are considered: (1) home/school, and (2) commercial spaces. Also, two categories of outdoor environments are considered: (1) non-industrial and (2) industrial (the latter represented by the vicinity of a pig farm and the vicinity of an oil refinery). The outcome is presented as a series of graphs and tables containing the following statistics: geometric mean, arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation, variance, standard error, interquartile distance, minimum value, maximum value, and number of data (data count) for the air concentration of each reported compound in a given environment. A Supplementary Table allows interested readers to match each single value included in this compilation with its corresponding original reference.
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18
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Liaud C, Nguyen N, Nasreddine R, Le Calvé S. Experimental performances study of a transportable GC-PID and two thermo-desorption based methods coupled to FID and MS detection to assess BTEX exposure at sub-ppb level in air. Talanta 2014; 127:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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19
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Shie RH, Chan CC. Tracking hazardous air pollutants from a refinery fire by applying on-line and off-line air monitoring and back trajectory modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:72-82. [PMID: 23912073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The air monitors used by most regulatory authorities are designed to track the daily emissions of conventional pollutants and are not well suited for measuring hazardous air pollutants that are released from accidents such as refinery fires. By applying a wide variety of air-monitoring systems, including on-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and off-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measuring hazardous air pollutants during and after a fire at a petrochemical complex in central Taiwan on May 12, 2011, we were able to detect significantly higher levels of combustion-related gaseous and particulate pollutants, refinery-related hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride monomer, and dichloromethane, inside the complex and 10 km downwind from the fire than those measured during the normal operation periods. Both back trajectories and dispersion models further confirmed that high levels of hazardous air pollutants in the neighboring communities were carried by air mass flown from the 22 plants that were shut down by the fire. This study demonstrates that hazardous air pollutants from industrial accidents can successfully be identified and traced back to their emission sources by applying a timely and comprehensive air-monitoring campaign and back trajectory air flow models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Hao Shie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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20
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Godayol A, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Anticó E, Sanchez JM. Development of a method for the monitoring of odor-causing compounds in atmospheres surrounding wastewater treatment plants. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Godayol
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Rosa M. Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
| | - Juan M. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
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21
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Wilson RB, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. High throughput analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds by thermal injection – isothermal gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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de Blas M, Navazo M, Alonso L, Durana N, Gomez MC, Iza J. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor on-line hourly monitoring of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an urban building. The role of inside and outside sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 426:327-335. [PMID: 22542255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a very important issue in recent years. As in developed countries people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, besides outdoor pollution assessment, the indoor one is also required. IAQ is not only affected by indoor sources linked to indoor activities, outdoor sources such as road or street traffic and industrial and commercial activities have their role too. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) frequently show higher indoor mixing ratios with respect to the outdoor ones, and monitoring is required to report their indoor mixing ratios. Many studies have reported average indoor VOCs' mixing ratios in different environments, but their temporal variability has not been well documented. The main objective of this work was to simultaneously measure VOCs' indoor and outdoor mixing ratios with high time-resolution in order to assess the effect of sources inside and outside the building upon indoor mixing ratios of individual VOCs. Simultaneous hourly, continuous, and on-line measurements of C(2)-C(11) VOCs were performed inside and outside the School of Engineering of Bilbao (ETSI) building, located in the city center of Bilbao, an urban area in Northern Spain. The analysis of simultaneous data allowed the classification of VOCs based on their main sources. Some VOCs were mainly emitted by indoor sources (1-pentene, 2-methylpentane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, benzene, 1-heptene+2,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and tetrachloroethylene) or by outdoor sources (n-heptane, C(8) alkanes except trimethylpentanes and C(9) aromatics). Other VOCs, such as toluene, were emitted by both indoor and outdoor sources. The isoprene indoor pattern indicated that its main indoor source could be the air exhaled by people occupying the building. Some halocarbons, such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride may be generated from the use inside the building of chlorine bleach containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite de Blas
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University College of Technical Mining and Civil Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Colina de Beurco s/n, 48902 Barakaldo, Spain.
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