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Dash UK, Park SY, Song CH, Yu J, Yumimoto K, Uno I. Performance comparisons of the three data assimilation methods for improved predictability of PM 2·5: Ensemble Kalman filter, ensemble square root filter, and three-dimensional variational methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121099. [PMID: 36682612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve the predictability of concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter, a data assimilation (DA) system using ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) has been developed for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The EnSRF DA method is a deterministic variant of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method, which means that unlike the EnKF method, it does not add random noise to the observations. To compare the performances of the EnSRF with those of other DA methods, such as EnKF and 3DVAR (three-dimensional variational), these three methods were applied to the same CMAQ model simulations with identical experimental settings. This is the first attempt in the field of chemical DA to compare the EnKF and EnSRF methods. An identical set of surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were assimilated every 6 h by all the DA methods over a CMAQ domain of East Asia, during the period from 01 May to 11 June 2016. In parallel with 'reanalysis experiments', we also carried out '48 h prediction experiments' using the optimized initial conditions produced by the three DA methods. Detailed analyses among the three DA methods were then carried out by comparing both the reanalysis and the prediction outputs with the observed surface PM2.5 over four regions (i.e., South Korea, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, Shandong province, and Liaoning province). The comparison results revealed that the EnSRF produced the best reanalysis and prediction fields in terms of several statistical metrics. For example, when the 3DVAR, EnKF, and EnSRF methods were used, averaged normalized mean biases (NMBs) decreased by (57.6, 85.6, and 91.8) % in reanalyses and (39.7, 87.6, and 91.5) % in first-day predictions, compared to the CMAQ control experiment (i.e., without DA) over South Korea, respectively. Also, over the three Chinese regions, the EnSRF method outperformed the EnKF and 3DVAR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzzal Kumar Dash
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Han Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyeok Yu
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiya Yumimoto
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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Using Objective Analysis for the Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Aerosol Products to Improve PM2.5 Predictions over Europe. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used the objective analysis method in conjunction with the successive correction method to assimilate MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data into the Chimère model in order to improve the modeling of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and AOD field over Europe. A data assimilation module was developed to adjust the daily initial total column aerosol concentrations based on a forecast-analysis cycling scheme. The model is then evaluated during one-month winter period to examine how such a data assimilation technique pushes the model results closer to surface observations. This comparison showed that the mean biases of both surface PM2.5 concentrations and the AOD field could be reduced from −34 to −15% and from −45 to −27%. The assimilation, however, leads to false alarms because of the difficulty in distributing AOD550 over different particle sizes. The impact of the influence radius is found to be small and depends on the density of satellite data. This work, although preliminary, is important in terms of near-real time air quality forecasting using the Chimère model and can be further developed to improve modeled PM2.5 and ozone concentrations.
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Abstract
In this work, a virtual sensor for PM10 concentration monitoring is presented. The sensor is based on wavenet models and uses daily mean NO2 concentration and meteorological variables (wind speed and rainfall) as input. The methodology has been applied to the reconstruction of PM10 levels measured from 14 monitoring stations in Lombardy region (Italy). This region, usually affected by high levels of PM10, is a challenging benchmarking area for the implemented sensors. Neverthless, the performances are good with relatively low bias and high correlation.
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Montoya OLQ, Niño-Ruiz ED, Pinel N. On the mathematical modelling and data assimilation for air pollution assessment in the Tropical Andes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35993-36012. [PMID: 32335834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution assessment in the Tropical Andes requires a multidisciplinary approach. This can be supported from the understanding of the underlying biological dynamics and atmospheric behavior, to the mathematical approach for the proper use of all available information. This review paper touches on several aspects in which mathematical models can help to solve challenging problems regarding air pollution in reviewing the state-of-the-art at the global level and assessing the corresponding state of development as applied to the Tropical Andes. We address the complexities and challenges that modelling atmospheric dynamics in a mega-diverse region with abrupt topography entails. Understanding the relevance of monitoring and facing the problems of data scarcity, we call attention to the usefulness of data assimilation for uncertainty reduction, and how these techniques could help tackle the scarcity of regional monitoring networks to accelerate the implementation and development of modelling systems for air quality in the Tropical Andes. Finally, we suggest a cyberphysical framework for decision-making processes based on the data assimilation of chemical transport models, the forecast of scenarios, and their use in regulation and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elías D Niño-Ruiz
- Computer Science Department, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Pinel
- Biodiversity Evolution and Conservation, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
In this work, the implementation and test of an integrated assessment model (IAM) to aid governments to define their short term plans (STP) is presented. The methodology is based on a receding horizon approach where the forecasting model gives information about a selected air quality index up to 3 days in advance once the emission of the involved pollutants (control variable) are known. The methodology is fully general with respect to the model used for the forecast and the air quality index; nevertheless, the selection of these models must take into account the peculiarities of the pollutants to be controlled. This system has been tested for particulate matter (PM10) control over a domain located in Northern Italy including the highly polluted area of Brescia. The results show that the control system can be a valuable asset to aid local authorities in the selection of suitable air quality plans.
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Kabir S, Islam RU, Hossain MS, Andersson K. An Integrated Approach of Belief Rule Base and Deep Learning to Predict Air Pollution. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1956. [PMID: 32244380 PMCID: PMC7181062 DOI: 10.3390/s20071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensor data are gaining increasing global attention due to the advent of Internet of Things (IoT). Reasoning is applied on such sensor data in order to compute prediction. Generating a health warning that is based on prediction of atmospheric pollution, planning timely evacuation of people from vulnerable areas with respect to prediction of natural disasters, etc., are the use cases of sensor data stream where prediction is vital to protect people and assets. Thus, prediction accuracy is of paramount importance to take preventive steps and avert any untoward situation. Uncertainties of sensor data is a severe factor which hampers prediction accuracy. Belief Rule Based Expert System (BRBES), a knowledge-driven approach, is a widely employed prediction algorithm to deal with such uncertainties based on knowledge base and inference engine. In connection with handling uncertainties, it offers higher accuracy than other such knowledge-driven techniques, e.g., fuzzy logic and Bayesian probability theory. Contrarily, Deep Learning is a data-driven technique, which constitutes a part of Artificial Intelligence (AI). By applying analytics on huge amount of data, Deep Learning learns the hidden representation of data. Thus, Deep Learning can infer prediction by reasoning over available data, such as historical data and sensor data streams. Combined application of BRBES and Deep Learning can compute prediction with improved accuracy by addressing sensor data uncertainties while utilizing its discovered data pattern. Hence, this paper proposes a novel predictive model that is based on the integrated approach of BRBES and Deep Learning. The uniqueness of this model lies in the development of a mathematical model to combine Deep Learning with BRBES and capture the nonlinear dependencies among the relevant variables. We optimized BRBES further by applying parameter and structure optimization on it. Air pollution prediction has been taken as use case of our proposed combined approach. This model has been evaluated against two different datasets. One dataset contains synthetic images with a corresponding label of PM2.5 concentrations. The other one contains real images, PM2.5 concentrations, and numerical weather data of Shanghai, China. We also distinguished a hazy image between polluted air and fog through our proposed model. Our approach has outperformed only BRBES and only Deep Learning in terms of prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kabir
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Raihan Ul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Andersson
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
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Application of Data Fusion Techniques to Improve Air Quality Forecast: A Case Study in the Northern Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deterministic air quality forecasting models play a key role for regional and local authorities, being key tools to ensure that timely information about actual or near future exceedances of pollutant threshold values are provided to the public, as stated by the EU directive (2008/50/EC). One of the main problems of these models is that they usually underestimate some important pollutants, like PM10, especially in high-concentration areas. For this reason, the forecast of critical episodes (i.e., exceedance of 50 μ g/m 3 for PM10 concentration daily threshold) has low accuracy. To overcome this issue, several computationally fast techniques have been implemented in the last decade. In this work, two computational fast techniques are introduced, implemented and evaluated. The techniques are based on the off-line correction of the chemical transport model output in the forecasting window, estimated by means of the measurement data up to the beginning of the forecast. In particular, the techniques are based on the estimation of the correction performed as a linear combination of the corrections computed for the days when the measurements are available. The resulting system has been applied to the Lombardy region case (Northern Italy) for daily PM10 forecasting with good results.
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Pisoni E, Christidis P, Thunis P, Trombetti M. Evaluating the impact of "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans" on urban background air quality. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:249-255. [PMID: 30343220 PMCID: PMC6331659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in European cities is still a challenge, with various urban areas frequently exceeding the PM2.5 and NO2 concentration levels allowed by the European Union Air Quality Standards. This is a problem both in terms of legislation compliance, but also in terms of health of citizens, as it has been recently estimated that 400 to 450 thousand people die prematurely every year due to poor air quality. Air quality in cities can be improved with a number of interventions, at different sectoral (industry, traffic, residential, etc …) and geographical (international, European, national, local, etc.) levels. In this paper we explore the potential of city level plans to improve mobility and air quality (excluding electro-mobility options, not considered in this study). We applied the "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans" (SUMPs) framework to 642 cities in Europe and modelled how the measures they include may impact at first on mobility and emissions at urban level, and then on urban background concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2. Results show that annual averages moderately improve for both pollutants, with reductions of urban background concentrations up to 2% for PM2.5 and close to 4% for NO2. The impact on NO2 at street level (that will be higher than on urban background) is not evaluated in this work. The air quality improvement of the simulated SUMP would only partially alleviate air quality problems in urban areas, but such a reduction in the emissions of air pollutants should still be considered as a positive result of SUMPs, given that they correspond to a set of low-cost measures that can be implemented at local level. Furthermore, the introduction of electro-mobility options (not considered here) would increase the impact on air quality. Other types of benefits, such as reduced fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, higher impact at street level or accident rates reduction further add to the overall positive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pisoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - P Christidis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transport, Edificio Expo, C/ Inca Garcilaso, 3, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Thunis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - M Trombetti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy; European Topic Centre on Urban, Land and Soil Systems (ETC/ULS), University of Malaga, C/Arquitecto Francisco Penalosa, 18, 29071, Malaga, Spain
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Jung J, Souri AH, Wong DC, Lee S, Jeon W, Kim J, Choi Y. The impact of the direct effect of aerosols on meteorology and air quality using aerosol optical depth assimilation during the KORUS-AQ campaign. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:8303-8319. [PMID: 31667043 PMCID: PMC6820163 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To quantify the impact of the direct aerosol effect accurately, this study incorporated the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) aerosol optical depth (AOD) into a coupled meteorology-chemistry model. We designed three model simulations to observe the impact of AOD assimilation and aerosol feedback during the KORUS-AQ campaign (May - June 2016). By assimilating the GOCI AOD with high temporal and spatial resolutions, we improve the statistics from the comparison AOD and AERONET data (RMSE: 0.12, R: 0.77, IOA: 0.69, MAE: 0.08). The inclusion of the direct effect of aerosols produces the best model performance (RMSE: 0.10, R: 0.86, IOA: 0.72, MAE: 0.07). AOD values were increased as much as 0.15, which is associated with an average reduction in solar radiation of -31.39 W/m2, a planetary boundary layer height (-104.70 m), an air temperature (-0.58 °C), and a surface wind speed (-0.07 m/s) over land. In addition, concentrations of major gaseous and particulate pollutants at the surface (SO2, NO2, NH3, SO 4 2 - , NO 3 - , NH 4 + , PM2.5) increase by 7.87 - 34% while OH concentration decreases by -4.58 %. Changes in meteorology and air quality appear to be more significant in high-aerosol loading areas. The integrated process rate analysis shows decelerated vertical transport, resulting in an accumulation of air pollutants near the surface and the amount of nitrate, which is higher than that of sulfate because of its response to reduced temperature. We conclude that constraining aerosol concentrations using geostationary satellite data is a prerequisite for quantifying the impact of aerosols on meteorology and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jung
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amir H. Souri
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C. Wong
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sojin Lee
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wonbae Jeon
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhoon Kim
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Choi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author:
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Source Apportionment and Data Assimilation in Urban Air Quality Modelling for NO2: The Lyon Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing effective strategies for reducing the atmospheric pollutant concentrations below regulatory threshold levels requires identifying the main origins/sources of air pollution. This can be achieved by implementing so called source apportionment methods in atmospheric dispersion models. This study presents the results of a source apportionment module implemented in the SIRANE urban air-quality model. This module uses the tagged species approach and includes two methods, named SA-NO and SA-NOX, in order to evaluate the sources’ contributions to the NO 2 concentrations in air. We also present results of a data assimilation method, named SALS, that uses the source apportionment estimates to improve the accuracy of the SIRANE model results. The source apportionment module and the assimilation method have been tested on a real case study (the urban agglomeration of Lyon, France, for the year 2008) focusing on the NO 2 emissions and concentrations. Results of the source apportionment with the SA-NO and SA-NOX models are similar. Both models show that traffic is the main cause of NO 2 air pollution in the studied area. Results of the SALS data assimilation method highlights its ability in improving the predictions of an urban atmospheric models.
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Datta A, Banerjee S, Finley AO, Hamm NAS, Schaap M. NONSEPARABLE DYNAMIC NEAREST NEIGHBOR GAUSSIAN PROCESS MODELS FOR LARGE SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA WITH AN APPLICATION TO PARTICULATE MATTER ANALYSIS. Ann Appl Stat 2016; 10:1286-1316. [PMID: 29657659 DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a class of malicious environmental pollutants known to be detrimental to human health. Regulatory efforts aimed at curbing PM levels in different countries often require high resolution space-time maps that can identify red-flag regions exceeding statutory concentration limits. Continuous spatio-temporal Gaussian Process (GP) models can deliver maps depicting predicted PM levels and quantify predictive uncertainty. However, GP-based approaches are usually thwarted by computational challenges posed by large datasets. We construct a novel class of scalable Dynamic Nearest Neighbor Gaussian Process (DNNGP) models that can provide a sparse approximation to any spatio-temporal GP (e.g., with nonseparable covariance structures). The DNNGP we develop here can be used as a sparsity-inducing prior for spatio-temporal random effects in any Bayesian hierarchical model to deliver full posterior inference. Storage and memory requirements for a DNNGP model are linear in the size of the dataset, thereby delivering massive scalability without sacrificing inferential richness. Extensive numerical studies reveal that the DNNGP provides substantially superior approximations to the underlying process than low-rank approximations. Finally, we use the DNNGP to analyze a massive air quality dataset to substantially improve predictions of PM levels across Europe in conjunction with the LOTOS-EUROS chemistry transport models (CTMs).
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