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Khamanek K, Khuntong S, Saenboonruang K, Toyen D, Chantarot C, Yongprawat M, Saengkorakot C, Phattanasub A, Krisanangkura P, Hazama R, Rittirong A, Sudprasert W. Assessing tritium contamination in Thailand's rainwater: A study of environmental monitoring and nuclear surveillance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 262:107151. [PMID: 36913797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tritium, whether naturally occurring or caused by human nuclear activity, can result in a large amount of tritium contamination in the environment, especially in the water cycle, causing a high concentration of tritium in rainfall. The objective of this research was to measure the level of tritium in the environment from rainfall in two different areas as a basis for monitoring tritium contamination in the environment. Rainwater samples were collected in Thailand every 24 h for a period of 1 year during 2021-2022 at the Kasetsart University Station, Sriracha Campus, Chonburi province and at the Mae Hia Agricultural Meteorological Station, Chiang Mai province. The tritium levels were measured in rainwater samples using the electrolytic enrichment method combined with liquid scintillation counting. The chemical composition of the rainwater was analyzed based on ion chromatography. The results (presented with ± combined uncertainty) showed that the tritium content in the rainwater samples at Kasetsart University Station Sriracha Campus was in the range 0.9 ± 0.2-1.6 ± 0.3 TU (0.11 ± 0.02-0.19 ± 0.03 Bq.L-1). The mean concentration was 1.0 ± 0.2 TU (0.12 ± 0.03 Bq.L-1). The most common ions found in the rainwater samples were SO42-, Ca2+, and NO3-, with mean concentrations of 1.52 ± 0.82, 1.08 ± 0.51, and 1.05 ± 0.78 mg.L-1, respectively. The tritium content in rainwater collected from the Mae Hia Agricultural Meteorological Station was in the range 1.6 ± 0.2-4.9 ± 0.4 TU (0.19 ± 0.02-0.58 ± 0.05 Bq.L-1). The mean concentration was 2.4 ± 0.4 TU (0.28 ± 0.05 Bq.L-1). The most common ions found in the rainwater were NO3-, Ca2+, and SO42-, with mean concentrations of 1.21 ± 1.02, 0.67 ± 0.43, and 0.54 ± 0.41 mg.L-1, respectively. The tritium concentration in the rainwater at both stations differed but remained at a natural level (less than 10 TU). There was no correlation between the tritium concentration and the chemical composition of the rainwater. The tritium levels obtained from this study could be used as a basis for reference and monitoring of future environmental changes due to nuclear accidents or activities, both domestically and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Khamanek
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Soontree Khuntong
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha, Cholburi, 20230, Thailand
| | - Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Donruedee Toyen
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chittranuch Chantarot
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Monthon Yongprawat
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Saengkorakot
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Archara Phattanasub
- Radioactive Waste Management Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | | | - Ryuta Hazama
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, 574-8530, Japan
| | - Anawat Rittirong
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 574-8530, Japan
| | - Wanwisa Sudprasert
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Xi Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Chen Y, He N, Yu G. Atmospheric silicon wet deposition and its influencing factors in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114084. [PMID: 35973460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a "quasi-essential" nutrient element for plants and is also an essential nutrient for some phytoplankton. Except for the silicate provided by weathering, atmospheric deposition has gradually become an important supplementary method for Si nutrients to enter the ecosystem. However, national observational studies on atmospheric silicon deposition have not yet been reported. Herein, based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, we continuously collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2020 and measured the content of dissolved silica (dSi) in precipitation to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of Si wet deposition in China. The results showed that the mean annual dSi wet deposition in China during 2013-2020 was approximately 2.07 ± 0.27 kg ha-1 yr-1. Atmospheric dSi deposition was higher in Southwest, North, and South China but lower in the Northwest and Northeast China, which was mainly regulated by precipitation and soil available Si content. There was no significant annual variation trend in dSi deposition during 2013-2020 in China, which showed disorderly fluctuations from year to year. This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of atmospheric dSi deposition in China for the first time, which can provide unique scientific data to explore the potential effect of dSi deposition on carbon sequestration in aquatic ecosystems. A comprehensive evaluation of the nutrient balance of aquatic ecosystems from the perspective of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon stoichiometry is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Groundwater in the Alluvial Plain (Anqing Section) of the Lower Yangtze River Basin: Multivariate Statistical and Inversion Model Analyses. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13172403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The alluvial plain (Anqing section) of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin is facing increasing groundwater pollution, not only threatening the safety of drinking water for local residents and the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources but also the ecological security of the Yangtze River Basin. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis on the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution law of groundwater in this area. This study aimed to evaluate potential hydrogeochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality of this area by analyzing major ions in groundwater samples collected in 2019. Compositional relationships were determined to assess the origin of solutes and confirm the predominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling various ions in groundwater. Moreover, factors influencing groundwater quality were evaluated through the factor analysis method, and the control range of each influencing factor was analyzed using the distribution characteristics of factor scores. Finally, reverse hydrogeochemical simulation was carried out on typical profiles to quantitatively analyze the hydrochemical evolution process along flow paths. The Piper trilinear diagram revealed two prevalent hydrochemical facies, Ca-HCO3 type (phreatic water) and Ca-Na-HCO3 type (confined water) water. Based on the compositional relationships, the ions could be attributed to leaching (dissolution of rock salt, carbonate, and sulfate), evaporation and condensation, and cation exchange. Four influencing factors of phreatic water and confined water were extracted. The results of this study are expected to help understand the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution law of groundwater in the alluvial plain (Anqing section) of the lower Yangtze River basin for effective management and utilization of groundwater resources, and provide basic support for the ecological restoration of the Yangtze River Basin.
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The Stable Isotope Characteristics of Precipitation in the Middle East Highlighting the Link between the Köppen Climate Classifications and the δ18O and δ2H Values of Precipitation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13172397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Middle East is faced with a water shortage crisis due to its semiarid and arid climate. In this paper, precipitation as an important part of the water cycle was evaluated in 43 stations across the Middle East using the stable isotope technique to study the parameters which influence the stable isotope content of precipitation. First, the stepwise regression model was applied to determine the main geographical and climatological factors affecting the stable isotopes in precipitation. Secondly, the stepwise model was also used to simulate the stable isotope values in precipitation. Furthermore, due to the notable climatic variations across the Middle East, the precipitation sampling stations were classified into six groups based on the Köppen climate zones. Significant variations in the stable isotope values of precipitation were observed in the stations of each climate zone. Finally, the Middle East meteoric water line was developed for the dry and wet periods based on the average stable isotopes in the studied stations. The developed lines showed a lower slope compared to the GMWL due to the higher air temperature and relative humidity in the Middle East compared to the average global conditions. To conclude, the stable isotope contents in precipitation showed significant temporal and spatial variations due to the notable climatic variations across the Middle East.
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Zhang Y, Jia R, Wu J, Wang H, Luo Z. Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147703. [PMID: 34300165 PMCID: PMC8307073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of water in Beijing. Hydrochemical composition and water quality are the key factors to determine the availability of groundwater. Therefore, an improved integrated weight water quality index approach (IWQI) combining the entropy weight method and the stochastic simulation method is proposed. Through systematic investigation of groundwater chemical composition in different periods, using a hydrogeochemical diagram, multivariate statistics and spatial interpolation analysis, the spatial evolution characteristics and genetic mechanism of groundwater chemistry are discussed. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and low mineralized water. The south part of the study area showed higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total hardness and NO3--N in the dry season and wet season, and the main hydrochemical types are HCO3--Ca and HCO3--Ca-Mg. The natural source mechanism of the groundwater chemical components in Chaoyang District includes rock weathering, dissolution and cation exchange, while the human-made sources are mainly residents and industrial activities. Improved IWQI evaluation results indicate that water quality decreases from southwest to northeast along groundwater flow path. The water quality index (WQI) method cannot reflect the trend of groundwater. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the improved IWQI method could describe the overall water quality reliably, accurately and stably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (R.J.); (H.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruitao Jia
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (R.J.); (H.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jin Wu
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (R.J.); (H.W.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-1793-1639
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (R.J.); (H.W.); (Z.L.)
- LOMC, UMR CNRS 6294, Université du Havre, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Zhuoran Luo
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (R.J.); (H.W.); (Z.L.)
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Variations of Groundwater Dynamics in Alluvial Aquifers with Reclaimed Water Restoring the Overlying River, Beijing, China. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some of the rivers in northern China are dried, and reclaimed water (RW) is used to restore these degraded river ecosystems, during which the RW could recharge the aquifer by river bank infiltration. From 2007 to 2018, 2.78 × 108 m3 of RW has been replenished to the dried Chaobai River (Shunyi reach), Beijing, China, which is located on the edge of one depression cone in groundwater caused by groundwater over-pumping. The groundwater hydrodynamic variations and the flow path of the RW were identified by eight-year hydrological, hydrochemical, and stable isotopic data, together with multivariate statistical analysis. The RW infiltration drastically impacts the groundwater dynamics with a spatiotemporal variation. The 30-m depth groundwater levels at Perennial intake reach increased quickly around 3 m after 2007, which indicated that they were dominated by RW infiltration. Other 30-m depth groundwater levels were controlled by precipitation recharge from 2007 to 2011, showing significant seasonal variations. In 2012, with more RW transferred to the river, the hydrodynamic impact of the RW on 30-m depth aquifer expanded downstream. However, the 50-m and 80-m depth groundwater levels showed decreasing trend with seasonal variations, due to groundwater pumping. The 30-m depth aquifer was mainly recharged by RW, being evidenced by the enriched δ2H and δ18O. The depleted δ2H and δ18O of the 50-m and 80-m depth groundwater indicated that they were dominated by regional groundwater with meteoric origin. The heterogenous properties of the multi-layer alluvial aquifer offer the preferential flow path for RW transport in the aquifers. The proportion of the RW in the aquifers decreases with depth that was calculated by the chloride conservative mixing model. The increased lateral hydraulic gradient (0.43%) contributes to the RW transport in the 30-m depth aquifer. RW usage changed 30-m depth groundwater type from Ca·Mg-HCO3 to Na·Ca·Mg-HCO3·Cl. RW preferentially recharged the 50-m and 80-m depth aquifers by vertical leakage.
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7
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Shi Y, Jin Z, Wu A, Li G, Li F. Stable isotopic characteristics of precipitation related to the environmental controlling factors in Ningbo, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10696-10706. [PMID: 33098558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in precipitation were analysed from June 2018 to May 2020 in Ningbo and were influenced by the subtropical monsoon climate in East China. The δ2H and δ18O values of precipitation in Ningbo varied from -90.0 to 6.0‰ and from -13.5 to -1.6‰, respectively. The local meteoric water line (LMWL) in Ningbo was obtained as δ2H = 9.27 δ18O + 35.95 and had a larger slope and intercept compared to the global meteoric water line (GMWL) because its water vapour sources were oceans. The more negative δ18O values and lower deuterium excess (D-excess) of precipitation in summer were due to water vapour sources from the East China Sea, the South Sea and the Western Pacific, which are controlled by the southeasterly monsoon. In contrast, the less negative δ18O and higher D-excess of precipitation in winter were influenced by water vapour sources from the North Asian continent and North China transported by the northwesterly monsoon. The precipitation amount effect was significant in Ningbo, especially in summer. The inverse temperature effect was appeared in Ningbo, except winter. These two effects may be caused mainly by the monsoon climate rather than by the secondary evaporation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheng Shi
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zanfang Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Aijing Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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Hatvani IG, Szatmári G, Kern Z, Erdélyi D, Vreča P, Kanduč T, Czuppon G, Lojen S, Kohán B. Geostatistical evaluation of the design of the precipitation stable isotope monitoring network for Slovenia and Hungary. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106263. [PMID: 33271441 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed knowledge of the stable isotope signature of precipitation is the basis of investigations in a variety of scientific fields and applications. To obtain robust and reliable results, the representativity of the currently operating (at least, as of 2018) precipitation stable isotope monitoring stations across Slovenia (n = 8) and Hungary (n = 9) was evaluated on the basis of amount-weighted annual averages with the aim of revealing any redundantly (i.e. over-) represented or un(der)represented areas. In the case of the latter, optimal locations for additional sites were suggested in Slovenia and Hungary. The networks of both countries are design-based systems that need to be fine-tuned for long-term optimized operation. The evaluation of the monitoring network was performed taking into consideration the stations operating in Slovenia and Hungary, as well as closely situated ones operating in neighboring countries. The evaluation was carried out in nine different combinations, using spatial simulated annealing, with regression kriging variance as a quality measure. The results showed that (i) there are over- and un(der)represented areas in the network, an issue requiring remedial action, (ii) the mutual information exchange of the precipitation stable isotope monitoring networks of Slovenia and Hungary increases the precision of precipitation δ18O estimation by ~0.3‰ in a 15-30 km wide zone near the borders, and (iii) by an even greater degree in the neighboring countries' stations. The current research may be termed pioneering in the matter of the detailed geostatistical assessment of spatial representativity of a precipitation stable isotope monitoring network, and as such, can serve as an example for future studies aiming for the spatial optimization of other regional precipitation stable isotope monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Gábor Hatvani
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Szatmári
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Soil Science and Environmental Informatics, Georgikon Faculty, Szent István University, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kern
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Erdélyi
- Centre for Environmental Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Polona Vreča
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tjaša Kanduč
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - György Czuppon
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary; Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre (ICER), Institute for Nuclear Research, Bem tér 18/c, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, H-3515, Hungary.
| | - Sonja Lojen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Balázs Kohán
- Deptartment of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. stny 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhai Y, Yang J, Zhu Y, Du Q, Yuan W, Lu H. Quality change mechanism and drinking safety of repeatedly-boiled water and prolonged-boil water: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:631-653. [PMID: 33095189 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quality, safety and potability of repeatedly-boiled water (RBW) and prolonged-boil water (PBW) lead to concern and even misgivings in the public from time to time, especially in China, and other societies have a habit of drinking boiled water, with improvements of living standards and owing to increasing concerns for human health. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the fact that the conclusions drawn from existing scientific experiments could not respond well to the concerns. In order to make up for this deficiency, tap water was selected to carry out RBW and PBW experiments independently. The quality changes of RBW and PBW show very similar trends that are not as great as might be imagined, and both are impacted by the tap water quality and the physiochemical effects. The dominating physiochemical effects are the water evaporation and the resulting concentration of unreactive components (most dissolved components), which can be easily explained by the existing evaporation-concentration theory. The results show that tap water will be still safe and potable after being frequently boiled or after having undergone prolonged boiling, as long as it satisfies the sanitary standards of drinking water prior to heating. Therefore, there is no need to worry about drinking RBW or PBW in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Jingwen Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Yaguang Zhu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
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Jin Z, Wang Y, Li F, Qian L, Hu Y, Shi Y. Stable isotopes and chemical characteristics of precipitation in Hangzhou and Huzhou, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23717-23729. [PMID: 31203551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric precipitation is a very important link in the water cycle. The characteristics of major ions (n = 341) and stable isotopes (δ2H, δ18O; n = 157) were analysed in Hangzhou and Huzhou, which are economically prosperous cities in East China. The δ2H and δ18O values of precipitation ranged from - 109.70 to 21.30‰ and from - 14.87 to - 0.95‰, respectively. Compared with the local meteoric water line (LMWL) of China, the slope and intercept of the LMWL were much higher in Hangzhou and Huzhou, which is related to the effects of the humid climate and less secondary evaporation. The δ2H and δ18O values were highest in spring because of the influence of air masses from the northern Asian continent and other nearby sources. In contrast, the air masses from the South China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean in the summer had the lowest δ2H and δ18O. The dominant ions in precipitation indicate that Ca2+, HCO3-, SO42-, NH4+ and NO3- are the main ions of precipitation in Hangzhou and Huzhou, and the dilution of precipitation leads to lower concentrations of ions in spring and summer, similar to the values found in most Chinese cities. The increase in motor vehicle use resulted in a lower [SO42-]/[NO3-] ratio (1.64) of precipitation, indicating mixed acid rain in Hangzhou and Huzhou (HZS). Based on a combination of the correlation analysis, enrichment factors and source contributions, we determined that SO42- and NO3- were introduced mainly from anthropogenic activities such as coal combustion and vehicle exhaust, accounting for 89% and 99%, respectively. The strong correlation between Cl- and Na+, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, indicates that these ions commonly have marine and crustal origins, respectively, and 40% of Mg2+ comes from a marine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanfang Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Lijing Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yuming Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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A simplified method of developing a local meteoric water line equation for Beijing, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Investigation of Geochemical Characteristics and Controlling Processes of Groundwater in a Typical Long-Term Reclaimed Water Use Area. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li J, Pang Z, Wang J, Kong Y, Bai G, Zhao H, Yang Z. Isotopic spatial variations and isotopic effects of two heavy summer precipitation events across Beijing. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Pang J, Wen X, Sun X. Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO2 in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:322-330. [PMID: 26363727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stable isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 can be used as a tracer in the study of urban carbon cycles, which are affected by anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 components. Continuous measurements of the mixing ratio and δ(13)C of atmospheric CO2 were conducted in Beijing from Nov. 15, 2012 to Mar. 8, 2014 including two heating seasons and a vegetative season. Both δ(13)C and the isotopic composition of source CO2 (δ(13)CS) were depleted in the heating seasons and enriched in the vegetative season. The diurnal variations in the CO2 mixing ratio and δ(13)C contained two peaks in the heating season, which are due to the effects of morning rush hour traffic. Seasonal and diurnal patterns of the CO2 mixing ratio and δ(13)C were affected by anthropogenic emissions and biogenic activity. Assuming that the primary CO2 sources at night (22:00-04:00) were coal and natural gas combustion during heating seasons I and II, an isotopic mass balance analysis indicated that coal combustion had average contributions of 83.83±14.11% and 86.84±12.27% and that natural gas had average contributions of 16.17±14.11% and 13.16±12.27%, respectively. The δ(13)C of background CO2 in air was the main error source in the isotopic mass balance model. Both the mixing ratio and δ(13)C of atmospheric CO2 had significant linear relationships with the air quality index (AQI) and can be used to indicate local air pollution conditions. Energy structure optimization, for example, reducing coal consumption, will improve the local air conditions in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Pang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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15
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Zhai Y, Lei Y, Zhou J, Li M, Wang J, Teng Y. The spatial and seasonal variability of the groundwater chemistry and quality in the exploited aquifer in the Daxing District, Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:43. [PMID: 25637387 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aquifer in the Beijing Plain is intensively used as a primary source to meet the growing needs of the various sectors (drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes). The analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics provides much important information useful in water resources management. To characterize the groundwater chemistry, reveal its spatial and seasonal variability, and determine its quality suitability for domestic and agricultural uses, a total of 200 groundwater samples were collected in June and October 2012 from 100 exploited wells in Daxing District, Beijing, China. All of the indices (39 items) listed in the Quality Standard for Groundwater of China (QSGC) as well as eight additional common parameters were tested and analyzed for all samples, based on which research target was achieved. The seasonal effect on the groundwater chemistry and quality was very slight, whereas the spatial changes were very obvious. The aquifer is mainly dominated by HCO3-Ca·Mg-type water. Of the 39 quality indices listed in QSGC, 28 indices of all of the samples for the 2 months can be classified into the excellent level, whereas the remaining 11 indices can be classified into different levels with the total hardness, NO3, NO2, and Fe being the worst, mainly distributed in the residential and industrial land. According to the general quality index, the groundwater can be classified from good to a relatively poor level, mainly from southeast to northwest. Furthermore, the relatively poor-level area in the northwest expands to the southeast more than in the past years, to which people should pay attention because this reverse spatial distribution relative to the natural law indicates an obvious, anthropogenic impact on the groundwater. In addition, the groundwater in this area is generally very suitable for irrigation year-round. Nevertheless, we recommend performing agricultural water-saving measures for the sustainable development of water and urbanization, groundwater recovery, and ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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16
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Zheng X, Zhang BT, Teng Y. Distribution of phthalate acid esters in lakes of Beijing and its relationship with anthropogenic activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:107-113. [PMID: 24463031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 15 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in water, sediment and suspended particle samples from representative lakes of Beijing was investigated and its relationship with anthropogenic activities was also assessed. The sample preparation and analysis methods for PAEs, using solid-phase extraction or microwave assisted extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were developed to achieve the satisfactory detection limits and recoveries. The analysis results indicated occurrences of most target PAEs were widespread in the researched lakes with the total PAE concentrations ranged from 0.386 to 3.184 μg/L in water, from 52.6 to 8216.4 ng/g dry weight in sediments and from 138.7 to 2052.4 μg/g dry weight in suspended particles. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-butyl phthalate were the predominant PAEs, frequently being detected in all matrices, followed by di-iso-butyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate. It was also found that anthropogenic activities were associated with the spatial distribution of phthalates in sediments considering its relationship with population distribution characteristics of Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Physical, hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of springs in Beijing, China, compared to historical properties. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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