1
|
Pastorino P, Barceló D, Prearo M. Alps at risk: High-mountain lakes as reservoirs of persistent and emerging contaminants. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 264:104361. [PMID: 38735086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite their remote locations, high-mountain lakes located in the Alps are vulnerable to chemical pollution. This discussion explores the important aspects of these lakes as repositories of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), elucidating their sources and implications for both the environment and human health. In terms of the presence of POPs in high-altitude lakes of the Alps, 14 studies have been identified examining the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane an its metabolites, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The bulk of research on POPs in high-mountain lakes is concentrated in the Italian Alps (63%), followed by Switzerland (22%), Austria (12%), and France (3%), respectively. Sediment is predominantly investigated (65%), followed by fish (33%) and water (2%). Similarly, in relation to the presence of CECs in high-mountain lakes of the Alps, six studies have been identified investigating the occurrence of musks, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics. Investigations into CECs predominantly occur in Switzerland (42%), France (33%), and Italy (25%), with fish samples (muscle and liver) being the primary focus (46%), followed by sediment (17%) and water (17%). Other compartments like zooplankton, frog/tadpoles, and snow remain less explored. The discussion also shed light on various pathways through which pollutants reach these remote landscapes, including atmospheric transport, glacial meltwater, and human activities. Protecting these pristine peaks demands concerted efforts encompassing ongoing research, vigilant monitoring, and dedicated conservation initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria, e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria, e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Sikaily AE, Nemr AE. Sources of hydrocarbons and their risk assessment in seawater and sediment samples collected from the Nile Delta coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5082. [PMID: 38429376 PMCID: PMC10907701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to examine the levels, distribution, bases, and hazards of n-alkanes (n-C9 to n-C20) and PAHs in the seawater and sediments around oil production locations in the whole delta region. The variations in the levels of PAHs and n-alkanes in seawater and sediment of the Nile delta coast of the Mediterranean were investigated using GC-MS/MS. The Σn-alkanes residues ranged between 12.05 and 93.51 mg/L (mean: 50.45 ± 17.49 mg/L) and 4.70 to 84.03 µg/g (mean: 31.02 ± 27.995 µg/g) in seawater and sediments, respectively. Total PAHs concentrations ranged between 4.485 and 16.337 μg/L (average: 9.47 ± 3.69 μg/L) and 1.32 to 28.38 ng/g (average 8.61 ± 7.57 ng/g) in seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The CPI (carbon preference index) values fluctuated between 0.62 and 1.72 (seawater) and from 0.234 to 2.175 (sediment), proposing the variation sources of n-alkane in the studied area. PAHs concentrations were lower than the Effective Range Low (ERL) and Effective Range Median (ERM) levels. The Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) values oscillated between 0.002 and 6.84 ng/L and from 3.72 to 13.48 ng/g for the seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The Ant/(Ant + Phe) ratio in sediment and seawater samples indicated a pyrolytic source while the BaA/(BaA + Chry) ratio indicates petrogenic sources in most of the studied stations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Dong Z, Baccolo G, Gao W, Li Q, Wei T, Qin X. Distribution, composition and risk assessment of PAHs and PCBs in cryospheric watersheds of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 890:164234. [PMID: 37230341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are significant components of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pose a threat to both ecosystems and human health. To explore their spatial distribution, origins, and risk assessment, we collected 25 glacial meltwater and downstream river water samples in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (including the Qilian Mountains in the northeast) during the summer of 2022 (June-July). Our results showed that ∑PAHs and ∑PCBs were present in a wide range from ND-1380 ng/L and ND-1421 ng/L, respectively. Compared to other studies worldwide, the ∑PAHs and ∑PCBs in the Hengduan Mountains were at high levels. The PAHs and PCBs mainly consisted of low-molecular-weight homologs, including Ace, Flu, Phe, and PCB52. Phe was the primary component of PAHs. Glacial meltwater samples generally exhibited low concentration of PAHs and PCB52, whereas downstream river water samples typically showed high concentration of PAHs and PCB52. We attributed this characteristic to the influence of pollutants physicochemical properties, altitude effect, long-range transport (LRT), and local environmental conditions. In the eastern Tibetan Plateau glacier basin (especially in the Hailuogou watersheds), the concentration of PAHs and PCB52 in runoff generally increased with decreasing elevation. We believe that the primary factor affecting the concentration of PAHs and PCB52 in the region is the difference in local human activity inputs from various altitudes. The composition characteristics of PAHs and PCBs suggested that incomplete coal combustion and coking discharge mainly caused PAHs, while the combustion of coal and charcoal and the release of capacitors primarily caused PCBs. We assessed the carcinogenic risk of PAHs and PCBs in the glacier basin of the TP and found that the potential threat of PAHs was stronger than that of PCBs. Overall, this study provides new insights into the ecological security of water resources in eastern Tibetan Plateau. It is significant for controlling PAHs and PCBs emissions, assessing the ecological environment of the glacier watershed, and regional human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; College of Environment and Planning, National Demonstration Center for Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Giovanni Baccolo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenhua Gao
- College of Environment and Planning, National Demonstration Center for Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skogsberg E, McGovern M, Poste A, Jonsson S, Arts MT, Varpe Ø, Borgå K. Seasonal pollutant levels in littoral high-Arctic amphipods in relation to food sources and terrestrial run-off. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119361. [PMID: 35523379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing terrestrial run-off from melting glaciers and thawing permafrost to Arctic coastal areas is expected to facilitate re-mobilization of stored legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg), potentially increasing exposure to these contaminants for coastal benthic organisms. We quantified chlorinated POPs and Hg concentrations, lipid content and multiple dietary markers, in a littoral deposit-feeding amphipod Gammarus setosus and sediments during the melting period from April to August in Adventelva river estuary in Svalbard, a Norwegian Arctic Aarchipelago. There was an overall decrease in concentrations of ∑POPs from April to August (from 58 ± 23 to 13 ± 4 ng/g lipid weight; lw), Hg (from 5.6 ± 0.7 to 4.1 ± 0.5 ng/g dry weight; dw) and Methyl Hg (MeHg) (from 5 ± 1 to 0.8 ± 0.7 ng/g dw) in G. setosus. However, we observed a seasonal peak in penta- and hexachlorobenzene (PeCB and HCB) in May (2.44 ± 0.3 and 23.6 ± 1.7 ng/g lw). Sediment concentrations of POPs and Hg (dw) only partly correlated with the contaminant concentrations in G. setosus. Dietary markers, including fatty acids and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, indicated a diet of settled phytoplankton in May-July and a broader range of carbon sources after the spring bloom. Phytoplankton utilization and chlorobenzene concentrations in G. setosus exhibited similar seasonal patterns, suggesting a dietary uptake of chlorobenzenes that is delivered to the aquatic environment during spring snowmelt. The seasonal decrease in contaminant concentrations in G. setosus could be related to seasonal changes in dietary contaminant exposure and amphipod ecology. Furthermore, this decrease implies that terrestrial run-off is not a significant source of re-mobilized Hg and legacy POPs to littoral amphipods in the Adventelva river estuary during the melt season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Skogsberg
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway; The University Centre in Svalbard, Department of Arctic Biology, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Maeve McGovern
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Amanda Poste
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sofi Jonsson
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael T Arts
- Ryerson University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Øystein Varpe
- The University Centre in Svalbard, Department of Arctic Biology, Longyearbyen, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pawlak F, Koziol K, Polkowska Z. Chemical hazard in glacial melt? The glacial system as a secondary source of POPs (in the Northern Hemisphere). A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:145244. [PMID: 33832784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of compounds belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is widely known, and their re-emission from glaciers has been conclusively demonstrated. However, the harmful effects associated with such secondary emissions have yet to be thoroughly understood, especially in the spatial and temporal context, as the existing literature has a clear sampling bias with the best recognition of sites in the European Alps. In this review, we elaborated on the hazards associated with the rapid melting of glaciers releasing organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To this end, we collated knowledge on: (1) the varying glacier melt rate across the Northern Hemisphere, (2) the content of POPs in the glacial system components, including the less represented areas, (3) the mechanisms of POPs transfer through the glacial system, including the importance of immediate emission from snow melt, (4) risk assessment associated with POPs re-emission. Based on the limited existing information, the health risk of drinking glacial water can be considered negligible, but consuming aquatic organisms from these waters may increase the risk of cancer. Remoteness from emission sources is a leading factor in the presence of such risk, yet the Arctic is likely to be more exposed to it in the future due to large-scale processes shifting atmospheric pollution and the continuous supply of snow. For future risk monitoring, we recommend to explore the synergistic toxic effects of multiple contaminants and fill the gaps in the spatial distribution of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pawlak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Koziol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Zaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang N, Wang YP, Duan X, Wang J, Xie Y, Dong C, Gao J, Yin P. Controlling factors for the distribution of typical organic pollutants in the surface sediment of a macrotidal bay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28276-28287. [PMID: 32415449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediment is the final sink of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from river input and atmospheric deposition. Such kind of pollutant cycles in the marine environment is usually controlled by hydrodynamic conditions. Many previous studies have explored how ocean currents influence pollutant distribution, but very few studies have focused on the relationships between the distribution patterns of pollutant and residual currents or sediment transport. In this study, 16 monomers of PAHs from 135 surface sediment samples collected in the Hangzhou Bay, a typical macrotidal bay, were systematically identified and their sources were analyzed. The sediment characteristics and distribution pattern were also comprehensively analyzed. The results showed the seabed sediments were moderately polluted by PAHs with a level of 38.58-1371.06 ng/g (median 186.70 ng/g). Most of the PAHs are composed of three to five rings, originated from combustion of coal and firewood. The combustion of oil also contributes to PAHs in seabed sediments for some areas. The PAHs are found to be concentrated within the estuary and the offshore areas, as well in coastal ocean. Fine-grained sediment transport is controlled by residual currents, which leads to PAH accumulation in the bay and the offshore areas, forming a high-value distribution pattern. Hence, we conclude that residual current is the main factors that control the long-term distribution of PAHs in the seabed sediments of the macrotidal bay. Temporal and spatial varying models of PAHs were needed in a further study to explore further the mechanisms how PAHs are transported in coastal areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ya Ping Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Duan
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Yongqing Xie
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Feng Z, Hao Z, Yu W, Wang T, Zou X. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine organisms from two fishing grounds, South Yellow Sea, China: Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110995. [PMID: 32275544 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediment and marine organism samples collected from Haizhou Bay and Lusi fishing ground in South Yellow Sea, China were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentrations of 16 PAHs in marine organisms ranged from 127.43 to 350.53 ng/g dry weight (dw, Haizhou Bay fishing ground) and from 86.37 to 213.02 ng/g dw (Lusi fishing ground). The dominant compounds were 2- and 3-ring PAHs in marine organism tissues. The main PAH sources were found to be coal combustion. Specific habitat, feeding habit, trophic level and environmental differences may affect the PAH levels in marine organisms in our study area. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) decreased with increasing PAH log Kow and BSAF values might differ in response to various environmental conditions and species. The excess cancer risk from PAH-contaminated seafood consumption was slightly higher than the guideline value (10-6), but much lower than the priority risk level (10-4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yali Li
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sun University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ziyue Feng
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Masset T, Cottin N, Piot C, Fanget P, Naffrechoux E. PCB mass budget in a perialpine lake undergoing natural decontamination in a context of global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133590. [PMID: 31634992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that PCB contamination of the global environment has been extensively studied in the last decades, the fate of these compounds in freshwater ecosystems is not fully understood and an important knowledge gap remains regarding the understanding of PCB dynamics and fate in perialpine lakes. This study relied on both field sampling performed and modeling to accurately identify the main fluxes involved in the PCB dynamics into the French perialpine Lake Bourget from 2013 to 2017. Our results show that the main inputs responsible for the PCB loading of the water column are tributaries inflows (~90%) rather than atmospheric inputs which could be related to the high catchment area over lake surface area ratio (i.e., 13). The main mechanism responsible for the lake natural decontamination was sediment burial (76%) due to the effect of the biological pump coupled with a high sedimentation rate. Volatilization represented 19% of the loss of PCBs from the water column and was mainly controlled by the high PCB concentration in water. These mechanisms are susceptible to be affected by the impact of the global change (increase of temperature, modification of the primary production rate) in the near future.
Collapse
|
9
|
Masset T, Frossard V, Perga ME, Cottin N, Piot C, Cachera S, Naffrechoux E. Trophic position and individual feeding habits as drivers of differential PCB bioaccumulation in fish populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:472-481. [PMID: 31022538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite PCBs being banned since the 1980's, some European peri-alpine lakes, and consequently their fish populations, are still contaminated by these xenobiotics. We investigated the relative contribution of physiological and trophic factors that could be implicated in fish PCB bioaccumulation in Lake Bourget (France), one of the most contaminated in Europe, by collecting Arctic char (n = 55) and European whitefish (n = 89) from 2013 to 2016. Concentrations of 7 indicator PCBs were 9-168 ng.g w.w-1 in whitefish and 90-701 ng.g w.w-1 in Arctic char. The fish trophic positions calculated from δ 15N values were positively correlated with PCB concentrations (r2 = 0.45; p < 0.001). A biomagnification model relying on TP and lipid content of fish was then designed, and it confirmed this result. A Bayesian mixing model based on δ 13C and δ 15N values was used to estimate the relative contribution of preys in the fish diet, which explained a significant proportion of the biomagnification model residuals (i.e., 17%). Zooplankton consumption was negatively correlated with PCB concentrations, whereas consumption of chironomids enhanced the PCB burden in fish. Correction of the biomagnification model for individual diets of fish increased the correlation between the predicted and measured fish PCB contents (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001), highlighting the importance of fish feeding habits in the bioaccumulation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Masset
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France.
| | - V Frossard
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRA, CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - M E Perga
- UNIL, IDYST, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Cottin
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - C Piot
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | | | - E Naffrechoux
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Yang K, Wang Y, Jin B, Luo C, Li J, Zhang G. Environmental behaviour of polychlorinated biphenyls in a paddy field: Impact factors and canopy effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:50-57. [PMID: 29742474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paddy fields play an important role in the transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to the filter effects of canopy and their wide distribution. Thus, most studies have been focusing on the filter effects of canopy for POPs. However, shielding effects of canopy might also influence transport and portion of POPs between top and bottom. To investigate these two important processes, our study involved 30 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a paddy field. Samples of bulk depositions, surface water, and air were taken to investigate the occurrence and the behaviour of PCBs. We found that rice canopy has potentially crucial effects on the transport of PCBs. The results showed slightly higher abundances for most of high‑chlorine PCBs (81.0%) at the top of the canopy, indicating that the high‑chlorine PCBs were intercepted by the rice leaves. Moreover, our study showed that the PCBs in surface water and soil tended to escape into air according to air, water, and soil fugacity. And we found higher atmospheric PCB levels (103 pg m-3) at the bottom of the canopy than top (88.9 pg m-3), indicating canopy shielding effects on escaped PCBs. In addition, the study showed that the PCBs intercepted by the rice canopy may occur in surface water and soil due to air movement and precipitation. These results suggest that paddy fields can enrich POPs, and effects of the environmental factors on POPs transport need to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kong Yang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatel G, Naffrechoux E, Draye M. Avoid the PCB mistakes: A more sustainable future for ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:773-780. [PMID: 27899239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on our original knowledge and experience on both polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) identification in aquatic ecosystems, and use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents and/or co-catalysts in green chemistry, we drawn a dared comparison between these two families. Indeed, PCBs has been used during several decades for their new properties, but are now considered as prevalent and persistent pollutants; some toxic effects on environment or human are still revealed. ILs, often designated as "green solvents" are increasingly used in numerous applications, but few studies reported about their environmental impact are still controversial. Through a parallel between properties and applications of PCBs and ILs, we wondered if history could not repeat itself, and how to provide a better future for ILs. Here, we provide some interesting comparisons and we discuss which tracks it could be important to follow for ILs applications in order to avoid the errors done with PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Chatel
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Campus de Savoie Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Naffrechoux
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Campus de Savoie Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France
| | - Micheline Draye
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Campus de Savoie Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Lüthi MP, Pavlova PA, Schwikowski M, Zennegg M, Schmid P, Scheringer M, Hungerbühler K. A Temperate Alpine Glacier as a Reservoir of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Model Results of Incorporation, Transport, and Release. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5572-5579. [PMID: 27164482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, the incorporation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been quantified in the accumulation areas of Alpine glaciers. Here, we introduce a model framework that quantifies mass fluxes of PCBs in glaciers and apply it to the Silvretta glacier (Switzerland). The models include PCB incorporation into the entire surface of the glacier, downhill transport with the flow of the glacier ice, and chemical fate in the glacial lake. The models are run for the years 1900-2100 and validated by comparing modeled and measured PCB concentrations in an ice core, a lake sediment core, and the glacial streamwater. The incorporation and release fluxes, as well as the storage of PCBs in the glacier increase until the 1980s and decrease thereafter. After a temporary increase in the 2000s, the future PCB release and the PCB concentrations in the glacial stream are estimated to be small but persistent throughout the 21st century. This study quantifies all relevant PCB fluxes in and from a temperate Alpine glacier over two centuries, and concludes that Alpine glaciers are a small secondary source of PCBs, but that the aftermath of environmental pollution by persistent and toxic chemicals can endure for decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Steinlin
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bogdal
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Agroscope , Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin P Lüthi
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich , CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavlina A Pavlova
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Berne , CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne , CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Berne , CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne , CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zennegg
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Duan X. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15432-15442. [PMID: 26341340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pollution pressures were placed in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems in China because of the elevated pollutants discharged from various sources. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment were closely linked to human activities, which have been intensively studied for their geochemical interest as markers. In this review, the status of PAH contamination in China Sea was assessed by comprehensive reviews of the concentrations, sources, and fates of PAHs in sediments of China Sea. PAH concentrations in China Sea sediments decreased from north to south due to the higher emissions in North China. Atmosphere was probably the main carrier of PAHs in the north due to the higher contents of atmospheric fine particles and higher wind speeds. However, riverine inputs were probably the most important sources of PAHs in the coastal sediments of South China due to higher rainfall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Xiaoyong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nellier YM, Perga ME, Cottin N, Fanget P, Naffrechoux E. Particle-Dissolved Phase Partition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in High Altitude Alpine Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9620-9628. [PMID: 26189929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases in two high altitude alpine lakes was determined by the quantity, size structure, or composition of suspended particles. Within- and between-lakes differences in water-particulate phase partition coefficient (Kp) were not related to total suspended matter, phytoplankton biomass, or taxonomic composition. Yet, a seasonal relationship between Kp and Kow was detected for both lakes, revealing equilibrium of PCBs partition when lakes were ice covered. On the contrary, PCBs partitioning between particles and water appeared kinetically limited during the open water season. Partition is therefore mainly governed by thermodynamic laws during the ice-covered period, while none of the tested physical or biological parameters seemed to explain the distribution of these particle-reactive contaminants in the open water period. PCBs were always mainly associated with particulate matter, but partitioning within different particulate size-fractions varied between seasons and between years during open water periods. When ice cover is absent, PCBs were mainly adsorbed on microplankton, the largest phytoplanktonic size fraction, which is the least likely to get grazed by pelagic microconsumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Michel Nellier
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
- §University Savoie Mont-Blanc, UMR 42 CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Marie-Elodie Perga
- ‡INRA (French National Institute for Agronomical Research), UMR 42 CARRTEL (Alpine Research Centre for Lakes and Food webs), 74200 Thonon les Bains, France
- §University Savoie Mont-Blanc, UMR 42 CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Nathalie Cottin
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Philippe Fanget
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Emmanuel Naffrechoux
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
| |
Collapse
|