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Liu HC, Li MX, You CF, Chen YH, Huang KF, Chung CH, Lin GW. Hydrology controls sulfuric acid-mediated weathering in an orogenic regime of southwestern Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175630. [PMID: 39168332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical weathering is a pivotal geochemical process that shapes the carbon cycling and climates in the critical zone. Among its critical drivers, river discharge holds a particular significance, especially in the orogenic landscapes. Here, we examined the impact of discharge on mineral weathering in southwestern (SW) Taiwan by analyzing river water chemistry across a wide discharge range. Current observations indicated that carbonate contributes significantly to total weathering (50-80 %), with sulfuric acid accounting for one-half to two-thirds of carbonate weathering. A statistically strong correlation between river discharge and sulfuric acid-mediated carbonate weathering was highlighted, while the silicate weathering remained constant. This relationship suggests an increased influx of fresh minerals, such as pyrite, into the weathering regime as water flow increases. Our model identifies a critical discharge threshold of 4.6 m3 s-1, determining whether mineral weathering acts as a net source or sink of CO2. Consequently, mineral weathering in SW Taiwan acts as a net CO2 sink during dry periods but turns into a net source during wet periods. Through analyzing a decade of daily discharge data, we found mineral weathering in SW Taiwan is a net CO2 source, with a 2.6-fold increase in annual mean discharge causing a 3.8-fold increase in net CO2 flux. This pattern is likely to be applicable to other similar minerals containing mountain-building regions, highlighting the significant role of hydrology in determining weathering sources and their potential impact on the carbon cycle balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Chun Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Xuan Li
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Feng You
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Fang Huang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsiung Chung
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wei Lin
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Kowacz M, Withanage S, Niestępski S. Voltage and concentration gradients across membraneless interface generated next to hydrogels: relation to glycocalyx. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7528-7540. [PMID: 37750247 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Next to many hydrophilic surfaces, including those of biological cells and tissues, a layer of water that effectively excludes solutes and particles can be generated. This interfacial water is the subject of research aiming for practical applications such as removal of salts, pathogens or manipulation of biomolecules. However, the exact mechanism of its creation is still elusive because its persistence and extension contradict hydrogen-bond dynamics and electric double layer predictions. The experimentally recorded negative voltage of this interfacial water remains to be properly explained. Even less is known about the nature of such water layers in biological systems. We present experimental evidence for ion and particle exclusion as a result of separation of ionic charges with distinct diffusion rates across a liquid junction at the gel/water interface and the subsequent repulsion of ions of a given sign by a like-charged gel surface. Gels represent features of biological interfaces (in terms of functional groups and porosity) and are subject to biologically relevant chemical triggers. Our results show that gels with -OSO3- and -COO- groups can effectively generate ion- and particle-depleted regions of water reaching over 100 μm and having negative voltage up to -30 mV. Exclusion distance and electric potential depend on the liquid junction potential at the gel/water interface and on the concentration gradient at the depleted region/bulk interface, respectively. The voltage and extension of these ion- and particle-depleted water layers can be effectively modified by CO2 (respiratory gas) or KH2PO4 (cell metabolite). Possible implications pertain to biologically unstirred water layers and a cell's bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowacz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sinith Withanage
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Niestępski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Nitrate and Dissolved Organic Carbon Release in Sandy Soils at Different Liquid/Solid Ratios Amended with Graphene and Classical Soil Improvers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasizes the importance of employing parallel batch tests with different liquid/solid (L/S) ratios to assess their dissolution mechanisms. Changes in physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, and oxidation-reduction potential), as well as the sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) due to graphene addition in a calcareous sandy soil (CS) and in a siliciclastic riverine sandy soil (SS) were assessed via batch experiments at different L/S ratios. Graphene’s production is growing at a great pace, so it’s important to test methods to reuse graphene wastes. The results of soil batch experiments mixed with graphene were compared with classical soil improvers (compost, biochar, and zeolites). The batches were performed using the saturation soil extraction method with deionized water as a proxy of rainwater. The contact time was 48 h. At the end of the experiment, water samples were collected to be analyzed for NO3−, DOC, DIC, Ca, and Mg. Graphene did not alter the physiochemical parameters of both soils. Moreover, its addition did not trigger any NO3− increase respect to control and to other improvers. Biochar increased EC and pH beyond recommended limits for most crops’ growth in both soils. As expected, compost addition produced the highest NO3− release.
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Alkalinity of diverse water samples can be altered by mercury preservation and borosilicate vial storage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9961. [PMID: 33976242 PMCID: PMC8113457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of preservation and storage methods on total alkalinity (AT) of seawater, estuarine water, freshwater, and groundwater samples stored for 0–6 months. Water samples, untreated or treated with HgCl2, 0.45 µm filtration, or filtration plus HgCl2, were stored in polypropylene or borosilicate glass vials for 0, 1, or 6 months. Mean AT of samples treated with HgCl2 was reduced by as much as 49.1 µmol kg−1 (1.3%). Borosilicate glass elevated AT, possibly due to dissolving silicates. There was little change in AT of control and filtered samples stored in polypropylene, except for untreated groundwater (~ 4.1% reduction at 6 months). HgCl2 concentrations of 0.02–0.05% reduced the AT of fresh, estuarine, and ground water samples by as much as 35.5 µmol kg−1 after 1 month, but had little effect on the AT of seawater. Adding glucose as a carbon source for microbial growth resulted in no AT changes in 0.45 µm-filtered samples. We suggest water samples intended for AT analyses can be filtered to 0.45 µm, and stored in polypropylene vials at 4 °C for at least 6 months. Borosilicate glassware and HgCl2 can be avoided to prevent analytical uncertainties and reduce risks related to use of Hg2+.
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Zhang L, Guo R, Li H, Du Q, Lu J, Huang Y, Yan Z, Chen J. Mechanism analysis for the process-dependent driven mode of NaHCO 3 in algal antibiotic removal: efficiency, degradation pathway and metabolic response. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122531. [PMID: 32283379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work provided a comprehensive perspective to investigate the performance of NaHCO3-driving effect and mechanism including the antibiotic removal, degradation pathway and metabolites analysis, and the algal physiological response during the removal process. Cefuroxime sodium was selected as the target antibiotic. Our results showed that NaHCO3 did not facilitate self-decomposition of the target antibiotic, while drove the improvement on the removal capacity of every algal cell, which then attributed to the total removal efficiency. After 24 h, there was an improvement on the removal rate of the target antibiotic (from 10.21% to 92.89%) when NaHCO3 was added. The degradation pathway of the target antibiotic was confirmed by the formation of three main products (M1, M2 and M3), and the degradation process, that from M1 to M2 and M2 to M3, was accelerated by the existence of NaHCO3. Besides, a 4-stage model illustrated the relationship between NaHCO3 and antibiotic removal process. Moreover, algal culture that supplemented with NaHCO3 demonstrated a better growth capacity. A large increase in the content of chlorophyll a and a moderate increase in the activity of two carbon metabolic enzymes (RuBisCO and CA) might be viewed as a positive response of the algae during the NaHCO3-driving process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Research Institute of Nanjing Chemical Industry Group, Nanjing, 210048, China
| | - Qiong Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jilai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Effect of Delays on the Response of Microalgae When Exposed to Dynamic Environmental Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During mathematical representation of microbial cultures, it is normally assumed that changes in the environment produce instantaneous effects on growth. However, reports are available indicating that sometimes this may not be the case. This work studied the existence of delays on the response of a population of microalgae when subjected to changes in energy and carbon sources, and when exposed to a growth inhibitor. Results show that no appreciable delays exist when microalgae undergo changes in the incident light intensity. For changes in carbon source concentration (inorganic carbon), a small delay in the range of minutes was detected. Finally, when exposing microalgae to inhibitory concentrations of ammonia, a significant delay of several hours was observed.
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Duan Y, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang M, Li Y. Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191214. [PMID: 32218952 PMCID: PMC7029939 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study illustrated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus and recycle of nutrients in wastewater combined with inorganic carbon under autotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated under different conditions by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 15-40 mg l-1 separately in wastewater containing high nitrogen and phosphorus content. The growth characteristics of S. obliquus, pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes of microalgae liquid, the recycle rate of ammonia and phosphorus and lipid content were determined. The changes of pH and DIC showed that S. obliquus could use Na2CO3 to grow, with lipid contents of 18-25%. Among all Na2CO3 concentrations, 20 mg l-1 was the optimum, of which S. obliquus had the highest NH3-N recycle of 52% and P O 4 3 - P recycle of 67%. By the 14th day, its biomass production also reaches the maximum of 0.21 g l-1. However, inorganic carbon fixation rate was inversely proportional to its concentration. Moreover, the biomass was in positive correlation with the Na2CO3 concentration except 20 mg l-1, which provided a possibility that S. obliquus could be acclimatized to adjust to high concentrations of inorganic carbon to promote biomass accumulation and recycle of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duan
- Author for correspondence: Yun Duan e-mail:
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Qi M, Yao C, Sun B, Cao X, Fei Q, Liang B, Ran W, Xiang Q, Zhang Y, Lan X. Application of an in situ CO 2-bicarbonate system under nitrogen depletion to improve photosynthetic biomass and starch production and regulate amylose accumulation in a marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:184. [PMID: 31341515 PMCID: PMC6631860 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgal starch is regarded as a promising alternative to crop-based starch for biorefinery such as the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals. The single or separate use of inorganic carbon source, e.g., CO2 and NaHCO3, caused aberrant pH, which restricts the biomass and starch production. The present study applied an in situ CO2-NaHCO3 system to regulate photosynthetic biomass and starch production along with starch quality in a marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under nitrogen-depletion (-N) and nitrogen-limitation (±N) conditions. RESULTS The CO2 (2%)-NaHCO3 (1 g L-1) system stabilized the pH at 7.7 in the -N cultivation, under which the optimal biomass and starch accumulation were achieved. The biomass and starch productivity under -N were improved by 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, with 1 g L-1 NaHCO3 addition compared with the one without NaHCO3 addition. NaHCO3 addition alleviated the high-dCO2 inhibition caused by the single CO2 aeration, and provided sufficient effective carbon source HCO3 - for the maintenance of adequate photosynthetic efficiency and increase in photoprotection to facilitate the biomass and starch production. The amylose content was also increased by 44% under this CO2-bicarbonate system compared to the single use of CO2. The highest starch productivity of 0.73 g L-1 day-1 under -N cultivation and highest starch concentration of 4.14 g L-1 under ±N cultivation were both achieved with the addition of 1 g L-1 NaHCO3. These levels were comparable to or exceeded the current achievements reported in studies. The addition of 5 g L-1 NaHCO3 under ±N cultivation led to a production of high-amylose starch (59.3% of total starch), which could be used as a source of functional food. CONCLUSIONS The in situ CO2-NaHCO3 system significantly improved the biomass and starch production in T. subcordiformis. It could also regulate the starch quality with varied relative amylose content under different cultivation modes for diverse downstream applications that could promote the economic feasibility of microalgal starch-based biofuel production. Adoption of this system in T. subcordiformis would facilitate the CO2 mitigation couple with its starch-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Binhuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
- Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Bobo Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
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Accurate determination of total alkalinity in estuarine waters for acidification studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Ekins-Coward T, Boodhoo KVK, Velasquez-Orta S, Caldwell G, Wallace A, Barton R, Flickinger MC. A Microalgae Biocomposite-Integrated Spinning Disk Bioreactor (SDBR): Toward a Scalable Engineering Approach for Bioprocess Intensification in Light-Driven CO 2 Absorption Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Ekins-Coward
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Kamelia V. K. Boodhoo
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Velasquez-Orta
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Caldwell
- Marine Science, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Adam Wallace
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ryan Barton
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael C. Flickinger
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, BTEC, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Mishra S, Raghuvanshi S, Gupta S, Raj K. Application of novel thermo-tolerant haloalkalophilic bacterium Halomonas stevensii for bio mitigation of gaseous phase CO 2 : Energy assessment and product evaluation studies. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu N, Yang Y, Li F, Ge F, Kuang Y. Importance of controlling pH-depended dissolved inorganic carbon to prevent algal bloom outbreaks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:246-252. [PMID: 27584901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of pH-depended inorganic carbon (IC) species and pH on algal growth in the sewage simulation system, and fruitfully discussed the relationships among IC, pH and algal growth by the Monod kinetics. Results showed HCO3(-) significantly increased algal growth by 3.17-6.52 times than that of CO3(2-) and/or glucose when the value of pH was in the range of 8.0-9.5, and also the preferentially utilized indicated by the affinity coefficient (Kp) of HCO3(-), CO3(2-) and glucose (0.17, 15.14 and 31.22, respectively). Meanwhile, the same pH range facilitated HCO3(-) to become a dominated species (e.g., 48.80-93.19% of total IC). More importantly, good linear correlations pairwise existed among pH, IC species and algae growth. These results suggested pH plays a critical role in regulation of IC species and algae growth, which would be an efficient method to control the IC discharge from sewage effluents and weaken bloom outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| | - Yangduo Kuang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
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Jin J, Dupré C, Legrand J, Grizeau D. Extracellular hydrocarbon and intracellular lipid accumulation are related to nutrient-sufficient conditions in pH-controlled chemostat cultures of the microalga Botryococcus braunii SAG 30.81. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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