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Wang Y, Wen Y, Xu Y, Shi L, Yang X. Health Benefits Quantification for New-Energy Vehicles Promotion: A Case Study of Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13876. [PMID: 36360751 PMCID: PMC9656749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considering that the promotion of new-energy vehicles (NEVs) is a potential measure to address urban air pollution, the Chinese government has launched subsidy schemes to improve its market penetration. The purpose of this study is to quantify the economic benefits of NEV promotion from 2016 to 2019 and compare them with the cost of government subsidies in Beijing, so the effectiveness of the NEV policies can be evaluated and valuable recommendations can be provided for decision-making. The exposure-response model and the cost of illness approach was applied to evaluate the health and economic benefits of NEV promotion. Our results are as follows: (1) promoting NEVs can reduce the PM2.5 concentration significantly, the average annual concentration reduction was between 3.23 μg/m3 and 4.61 μg/m3; (2) at least 37,545 illnesses and deaths in Beijing could be reduced through NEV promotion annually, internal disease (15-64) was the most affected illness; (3) the economic benefits of NEV promotion were far more than the cost and the net benefits stock reached 33.71 billion CNY in 2019, accounting for 0.95% of Beijing's GDP in the same period. This study provides references in the perspective of environmental economics for the policy formulation of promoting NEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Institute of Spatial Planning & Regional Economy, National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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2
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Kianizadeh F, Godini H, Moghimbeigi A, Hassanvand MS. Health and economic impacts of ambient air particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Karaj city from 2012 to 2019 using BenMAP-CE. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:847. [PMID: 36190572 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on the health and economy of Karaj city from 2012 to 2019. In this study, mortality attributed to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its spatial distribution in Karaj over the 2012-2019 period were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function and BenMAP software. PM2.5 hourly concentration data of air quality monitoring stations were used to estimate PM2.5 for the whole city of Karaj. The economic effects of this pollutant were also assessed using the value of statistical life (VSL) method. The results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentration during the studied time increased and was higher than the air quality guideline levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Also, the annual number of deaths attributed to PM2.5 in adults (older than 25 years) was estimated to be about 1200. The highest to lowest proportions of PM2.5-related deaths were non-accidental mortality, ischemic heart attack, stroke, acute respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer, in the order of their appearance. The results showed that the economic loss attributed to this pollutant was estimated at 380 to 504 million USD per year. Due to the effects of PM2.5 on health and the economy in this city, we suggest conducting special planning to control and reduce the concentration of ambient air particulate matter by improving the public transportation system and updating industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kianizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hatam Godini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- bResearch Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- bResearch Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hou Q, An X, Sun Z, Zhang C, Liang K. Assessment of black carbon exposure level and health economic loss in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52123-52132. [PMID: 35258732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on the geographic information system (GIS) software and the application of the black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter ([Formula: see text]) ratio method, this paper analyzed and calculated the national BC distribution from 2015 to 2017 and evaluated the national human exposure to BC. The results showed that from 2015 to 2017, 2/3 of the national land area and nearly half of the population were exposed to 1-3 [Formula: see text], and the area and population exposed to a concentration less than 2 [Formula: see text] increased yearly, while the area and population exposed to a concentration higher than 9 [Formula: see text] decreased yearly. The estimated economic loss showed that 77.3% of the targeted districts or counties claimed a loss per square kilometer of 50 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) or less from the perspective of annual changes, and districts and counties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Hunan with annual losses between 50 and 500 million CNY showed an increasing trend. The BC ratio (the proportion of BC economic loss to GDP) of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Hunan also showed an increasing trend yearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhaobin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- SuperMap Software Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Ke Liang
- China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
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The Association of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Air Pollutants—A Population-Based Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants are substances in the air that have harmful effects on humans and the ecological environment. Although slight elevations in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are commonly observed in apparently healthy persons, potential associations between CEA levels and chronic low-grade inflammation induced by air pollution have yet to be documented. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study to estimate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the CEA. A total of 9728 participants from health examinations were enrolled for the analysis and linked with their residential air pollutant data including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM10). The results showed that every increase of 1 ppm O3 significantly increased the mean differences of the CEA blood concentration by 0.005 ng/mL. Each increase of 1 ppm CO significantly reduced the mean differences of the CEA blood concentration by 0.455 ng/mL. Although smoking and alcohol drinking also increased the CEA levels, with adjustment of these confounders we identified a significant association between serum CEA in the general population and levels of the air pollutants O3 and CO. In conclusion, the serum CEA concentrations and short-term air pollutants O3 and CO exposure were found to have a significant relationship; however, its mechanism is still unclear. Moreover, long-term air pollution exposure and changes in CEA concentration still need to be further evaluated.
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhao X, Cao L, Tong R. Effectiveness of road dust suppressants: insights from particulate matter-related health damage. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4139-4162. [PMID: 33778916 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dust suppressants are widely applied to control road dust pollution, a consensus on their effectiveness has not been reached. To evaluate the effectiveness of dust suppressants (a calcium-magnesium complex) from health risks and health damage, spraying and sampling activities were conducted at four sites in Beijing. Using inhalation risk model and health damage assessment, health risks of PMx for three sensitive occupational groups were calculated and converted to life and economic loss. Results revealed that dust suppressants can indeed mitigate PM pollution and its accompanying health risks and health damage in road dust, but at a limited efficiency. By spraying dust suppressants, the total PM-related life loss reduced by 1.60E-02 years and 2.50E-04 years in urban and suburban areas on average, and the total willingness to pay (WTP) values decreased by 120 and 50 US$ for PM2.5 and PM10, indicating a more considerable environmental gain if dust suppressants were sprayed in additional regions when necessary. Overall, our study demonstrated that the effectiveness of dust suppressants cannot be pictured only by the variations of pollutant concentrations, and indicators with practice and economic value should be more useful for traffic-related pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boling Zhang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanxin Cao
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Tong
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Hassan Bhat T, Jiawen G, Farzaneh H. Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment (AP-HRA), Principles and Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1935. [PMID: 33671274 PMCID: PMC7922529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health problem. A significant number of epidemiological studies have found a correlation between air quality and a wide variety of adverse health impacts emphasizing a considerable role of air pollution in the disease burden in the general population ranging from subclinical effects to premature death. Health risk assessment of air quality can play a key role at individual and global health promotion and disease prevention levels. The Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment (AP-HRA) forecasts the expected health effect of policies impacting air quality under the various policy, environmental and socio-economic circumstances, making it a key tool for guiding public policy decisions. This paper presents the concept of AP-HRA and offers an outline for the proper conducting of AP-HRA for different scenarios, explaining in broad terms how the health hazards of air emissions and their origins are measured and how air pollution-related impacts are quantified. In this paper, seven widely used AP-HRA tools will be deeply explored, taking into account their spatial resolution, technological factors, pollutants addressed, geographical scale, quantified health effects, method of classification, and operational characteristics. Finally, a comparative analysis of the proposed tools will be conducted, using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavoos Hassan Bhat
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; (T.H.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Guo Jiawen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; (T.H.B.); (G.J.)
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hooman Farzaneh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; (T.H.B.); (G.J.)
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Assessment of the Impact of PM2.5 Exposure on the Daily Mortality of Circulatory System in Shijiazhuang, China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution can increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but there are few related studies in counties and cities with serious pollution in China. China is at a critical stage of environmental pollution control. Assessing the health impact of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter equal or lower than 2.5 micrometers) on the death toll from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in heavily polluted counties and cities is of great importance to the formulation of air defense policies related to PM 2.5. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to analyze the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the death toll of circulatory system diseases in 16 districts, counties and cities in Shijiazhuang from 2014 to 2016 after controlling the long-term trend of the time series, seasonal effects, holiday effects, air temperature, relative humidity and other factors. The average PM2.5 concentration was 121.2 ± 96.6 μg/m3; during the corresponding period, the daily mean mortality of circulatory system diseases in Shijiazhuang was 4.6 ± 4.7. With the increase of PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3, the risk of total death from circulatory system diseases with a lag of two days (lag02) increased by 3.3‰ (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0025, 1.0041). The relative risk (RR) of the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the death toll of the circulatory system in Shijiazhuang is consistent with the spatial distribution of the PM2.5 concentration and the mortality of circulatory system diseases: the RR of the eastern plain with heavy pollution and a relatively dense population is high, while the RR of the western mountainous area with relatively light pollution and a relatively sparse population is low. For every 10-μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, the risk of the increasing death toll from circulatory system diseases in Luancheng of the eastern plain is the highest at 11.9‰ (95% CI: 1.0071, 1.0168), while the RR of Pingshan of the western mountainous area is the lowest at 2.1‰ (95% CI: 0.9981, 1.0062). Conclusions: Based on the epidemiological analysis and GAMs model, after controlling for other confounding factors, PM2.5 exposure increased the death risk of the circulatory system in Shijiazhuang, and the risk is higher in heavily polluted plain areas. It provides a scientific basis for formulating scientific air pollution prevention and control policies and provides a reference for improving the prevention awareness of sensitive groups.
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Cong L, Zhang H, Zhai J, Yan G, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ma W, Zhang Z, Chen P. The blocking effect of atmospheric particles by forest and wetland at different air quality grades in Beijing China. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2266-2276. [PMID: 30570370 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1561759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of forests and wetlands on air quality, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data were collected in the forest and wetland in the Beijing Olympic Forest Park in China from May 2106 to May 2017. The blocking rates of forest and wetland to PMs were calculated under different air quality grades which were divided into six levels base on a technical regulation. And we have got three main conclusions. (1) The diurnal variations of PMs were different in the forest and wetland. It showed a first decrease and then an increase in the forest; the lowest value (PM10 = 40.00 µg/m3, PM2.5 = 5.37 µg/m3) was at approximately 12:00. In the wetlands, the lowest values were recorded at 16:00 (PM10 = 39.63 µg/m3 and PM2.5 = 15.89 µg/m3). (2) Another result showed that the blocking in the forest were significantly higher than that at the wetlands (P < .05), and the blocking effects were much better under lower air quality grades. The blocking rate of PM10 and PM2.5 was the highest when the air quality is excellent in the forest. When it comes to wetland, the highest blocking rate of PM10 appears at good air quality, and the highest of PM2.5 was at serious polluted. (3) In addition, there was negative correlation between PM concentrations and temperature, whereas the correlation between PM concentrations and relative humidity is positive. However, the correlation between blocking and meteorological parameters is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cong
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Ma
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Chen
- Beijing Florascape Company Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Effects of Population Weighting on PM 10 Concentration Estimation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:1561823. [PMID: 32351580 PMCID: PMC7174967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1561823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) pollution poses a considerable threat to human health, and the first step in quantifying health impacts of human exposure to PM10 pollution is exposure assessment. Population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) estimation is one of the methods that provide a more refined exposure assessment as it includes the spatiotemporal distribution of the population into the pollution concentration estimation. This study assessed the population weighting effects on the estimated PM10 concentrations in Malaysia for years 2000, 2008, and 2013. Estimated PM10 annual mean concentrations with a spatial resolution of 5 kilometres retrieved from satellite data and population count obtained from the Gridded Population of the World version 4 (GPWv4) from the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) were overlaid to generate the PWEL of PM10 for each state. The calculated PWEL of PM10 concentrations were then classified based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the national Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) and interim targets (IT) for comparison. Results revealed that the annual mean PM10 concentrations in Malaysia ranged from 31 to 73 µg/m3 but became generally lower, ranging from 20 to 72 µg/m3 after population weighting, suggesting that the PM10 population exposure in Malaysia might have been overestimated. PWEL of PM10 distribution showed that the majority of the population lived in areas that complied with the national AQG, but were vulnerable to exposure level 3 according to the WHO AQG and IT, indicating that the population was nevertheless potentially exposed to significant health effects from long-term exposure to PM10 pollution.
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Wu Y, Li R, Cui L, Meng Y, Cheng H, Fu H. The high-resolution estimation of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) concentration, health effect and monetary costs in Beijing. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125031. [PMID: 31610459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe air pollution episodes with high SO2 loading have been frequently observed during the last decades in Beijing and have caused a noticeable damage to human health. To advance the spatiotemporal prediction of SO2 exposure in Beijing, we developed the monthly land use regression (LUR) models using daily SO2 concentration data collected from 34 monitoring stations during 2016 and 7 categories of potential independent variables (socio-economic factors, traffic and transport, emission source, land use, meteorological data, building morphology and Geographic location) in Beijing. The average adjusted R2 of 12 final LUR models was 0.62, and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) was 4.12 μg/m3. The LOOCV R2 and RMSE of LUR models reached 0.56 and 5.43 μg/m3, respectively, suggesting that the LUR models achieved the satisfactory performance. The prediction results suggested that the average SO2 level in Beijing was 11.06 μg/m3 with the highest one up to 22.49 μg/m3 but the lowest one down to 3.86 μg/m3. The SO2 exposure showed strong spatial heterogeneity, which was much higher in the southern area than that in the northern in Beijing. The mortality and morbidity due to the excessive SO2 concentration were estimated to be 73 (95% CI:(38-125)) and 27854 (95% CI:(13852-41659)) cases per year in Beijing, leading to economic cost of 35.76 (95% CI:(16.45-54.06)) and 441.47 (95% CI:(318.31-562.04)) million RMB Yuan in 2016, respectively. This study clarified the intra- and inter-regional transport modeling of the SO2 pollution in Beijing and supplied an important support for the future air-quality and public health management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Ya Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
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Combining Data from Multiple Sources to Evaluate Spatial Variations in the Economic Costs of PM 2.5-Related Health Conditions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203994. [PMID: 31635411 PMCID: PMC6843963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, is closely related to a range of adverse health outcomes and ultimately imposes a high economic cost on the society. While we know that the costs associated with PM2.5-related health outcomes are not uniform geographically, a few researchers have considered the geographical variations in these costs because of a lack of high-resolution data for PM2.5 and population density. Satellite remote sensing provides highly precise, high-resolution data about how PM2.5 and population density vary spatially, which can be used to support detailed health-related assessments. In this study, we used high-resolution PM2.5 concentration and population density based on remote sensing data to assess the effects of PM2.5 on human health and the related economic costs in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in 2016 using exposure-response functions and the relationship between health and economic costs. The results showed that the PM2.5-related economic costs were unevenly distributed and as with the population density, the costs were mainly concentrated in urban areas. In 2016, the economic costs of PM2.5-related health endpoints amounted to 4.47% of the total gross domestic product in the BTH region. Of the health endpoints, the cost incurred by premature deaths accounted for more than 80% of the total economic costs associated with PM2.5. The results of this study provide new and detailed information that could be used to support the implementation of national and regional policies to reduce air pollution.
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Maleki H, Sorooshian A, Goudarzi G, Baboli Z, Birgani YT, Rahmati M. Air pollution prediction by using an artificial neural network model. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2019; 21:1341-1352. [PMID: 33907544 PMCID: PMC8075317 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-019-01709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants impact public health, socioeconomics, politics, agriculture, and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to predict hourly criteria air pollutant concentrations and two air quality indices, air quality index (AQI) and air quality health index (AQHI), for Ahvaz, Iran, over one full year (August 2009-August 2010). Ahvaz is known to be one of the most polluted cities in the world, mainly owing to dust storms. The applied algorithm involved nine factors in the input stage (five meteorological parameters, pollutant concentrations 3 and 6 h in advance, time, and date), 30 neurons in the hidden phase, and finally one output in last level. When comparing performance between using 5% and 10% of data for validation and testing, the more reliable results were from using 5% of data for these two stages. For all six criteria pollutants examined (O3, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and CO) across four sites, the correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean square error (RMSE) values when comparing predictions and measurements were 0.87 and 59.9, respectively. When comparing modeled and measured AQI and AQHI, R 2 was significant for three sites through AQHI, while AQI was significant only at one site. This study demonstrates that ANN has applicability to cities such as Ahvaz to forecast air quality with the purpose of preventing health effects. We conclude that authorities of urban air quality, practitioners, and decision makers can apply ANN to estimate spatial-temporal profile of pollutants and air quality indices. Further research is recommended to compare the efficiency and potency of ANN with numerical, computational, and statistical models to enable managers to select an appropriate toolkit for better decision making in field of urban air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Maleki
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Engineering, School of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Baboli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rahmati
- Environmental Engineering, School of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kim D, Kim J, Jeong J, Choi M. Estimation of health benefits from air quality improvement using the MODIS AOD dataset in Seoul, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:452-461. [PMID: 30978520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particles in the atmosphere can adversely affect health and even lead to premature death. Recently, South Korea has attracted attention because of its rapid increase in the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM). OBJECTIVES We estimated the economic benefits of reducing PM10 in Seoul, South Korea, based on MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). Based on the retrieved PM10 data, we estimated its effects on overall health in each district of Seoul, Korea between 2014 and 2015. METHODS The relationships between MODIS AOD and ground-based PM10 data were identified in different seasons in South Korea between 2012 and 2013 using the linear regression model. The health benefits were estimated by the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (Benmap) using the scenarios from the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS The correlation between MODIS AOD and PM10 concentration differed with the season. There was a higher correlation between MODIS AOD and PM10 concentration in winter (R = 0.57) than there was in other seasons. Based on the MODIS AOD, the average annual PM10 concentration in Seoul was higher in 2014 than it was in 2015, at values of 45.7 μg/m3, and 41.6 μg/m3, respectively. The greatest economic benefit of reducing PM10 concentration (WHO annual standard of 20 μg/m3) was in 2014. This benefit was estimated to be 7022 (95% CI: 599, 20496), 2617 (95% CI: 216, 7750), and 1328 (95% CI: -159, 4679) billion KRW for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities in 2014 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that, despite considerable improvements in air quality in recent decades, there is still a need for countermeasures to prevent economic loss due to air pollution in Seoul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Center for Built Environment, The Built Environment Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongyeong Kim
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaehwan Jeong
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minha Choi
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Jaafar H, Razi NA, Azzeri A, Isahak M, Dahlui M. A systematic review of financial implications of air pollution on health in Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30009-30020. [PMID: 30187406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Economic losses due to health-related implications of air pollution were huge and incurred significant burdens towards healthcare providers. The objective of this study is to systematically review published literature on the financial implications of air pollution on health in Asia. Four databases: PubMed, Scopus, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), and Web of Science (WoS) were used to identify all the relevant articles. It was limited to all articles that had been published in the respected databases from January 2007 until March 2017. Twenty-four articles were included in this review. Five of the 24 studies (20.8%) reported financial implications of air pollution-related disease through value of statistical life (VOSL) which ranged from USD180 million to USD2.2 billion, six (25%) studies used cost of illness (COI) to evaluate air pollution-related morbidity and found that the cost ranged from USD5.4 million to USD9.1 billion. Another six studies (25%) used a combination of VOSL and COI for both mortality and morbidity valuation and found that the financial implications ranging from USD253 million to USD2.9 billion. Thirteen (54.2%) studies reported healthcare cost associated with both hospital admission and outpatient visit, five (20.1%) on hospital admission only, and one (4.2%) on outpatient visit only. Economic impacts of air pollution can be huge with significant deterioration of health among the Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Jaafar
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurain Amirah Razi
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Azzeri
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzuki Isahak
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Public Health, University Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Wang H, Lv S, Diao Z, Wang B, Zhang H, Yu C. Study on sandstorm PM 10 exposure assessment in the large-scale region: a case study in Inner Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17144-17155. [PMID: 29644617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The current exposure-effect curves describing sandstorm PM10 exposure and the health effects are drawn roughly by the outdoor concentration (OC), which ignored the exposure levels of people's practical activity sites. The main objective of this work is to develop a novel approach to quantify human PM10 exposure by their socio-categorized micro-environment activities-time weighed (SCMEATW) in strong sandstorm period, which can be used to assess the exposure profiles in the large-scale region. Types of people's SCMEATW were obtained by questionnaire investigation. Different types of representatives were trackly recorded during the big sandstorm. The average exposure levels were estimated by SCMEATW. Furthermore, the geographic information system (GIS) technique was taken not only to simulate the outdoor concentration spatially but also to create human exposure outlines in a visualized map simultaneously, which could help to understand the risk to different types of people. Additionally, exposure-response curves describing the acute outpatient rate odds by sandstorm were formed by SCMEATW, and the differences between SCMEATW and OC were compared. Results indicated that acute outpatient rate odds had relationships with PM10 exposure from SCMEATW, with a level less than that of OC. Some types of people, such as herdsmen and those people walking outdoors during a strong sandstorm, have more risk than office men. Our findings provide more understanding of human practical activities on their exposure levels; they especially provide a tool to understand sandstorm PM10 exposure in large scale spatially, which might help to perform the different categories population's risk assessment regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shihai Lv
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Diao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolu Wang
- China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Yu
- China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Correlation Analysis of PM 10 and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in Nanchang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101253. [PMID: 29048397 PMCID: PMC5664754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution and lung cancer are closely related. In 2013, the World Health Organization listed outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic and regarded it as the most widespread carcinogen that humans are currently exposed to. Here, grey correlation and data envelopment analysis methods are used to determine the pollution factors causing lung cancer among residents in Nanchang, China, and identify population segments which are more susceptible to air pollution. This study shows that particulate matter with particle sizes below 10 micron (PM10) is most closely related to the incidence of lung cancer among air pollution factors including annual mean concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, PM10, annual haze days, and annual mean Air Pollution Index/Air Quality Index (API/AQI). Air pollution has a greater impact on urban inhabitants as compared to rural inhabitants. When gender differences are considered, women are more likely to develop lung cancer due to air pollution. Smokers are more likely to suffer from lung cancer. These results provide a reference for the government to formulate policies to reduce air pollutant emissions and strengthen anti-smoking measures.
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Gabarrón M, Faz A, Acosta JA. Soil or Dust for Health Risk Assessment Studies in Urban Environment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:442-455. [PMID: 28528420 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify the best material (soil or dust) to be selected for health-risk assessment studies, road dust and urban soil from three cities with different population densities were collected, and size fractions were analysed for metal content (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni). Results showed similar distribution of the size particles among cities, predominating fractions between 75 and 2000 μm in road dust and particles below 75 μm in soil. Metals were mainly bound to PM10 in both soil and road dust increasing the risk of adverse health effects, overall through inhalation exposure. The risk assessment showed that the most hazardous exposure pathway was the ingestion via, followed by dermal absorption and inhalation route. Values of hazard quotient showed that the risk for children due to the ingestion and dermal absorption was higher than adults, and slightly larger at PM10 comparing to <75-μm fraction for the inhalation route. Higher risk values were found for road dust, although any hazard index or cancer risk index value did not overreach the safe value of 10-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabarrón
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230, Cartagena, Spain
| | - A Faz
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230, Cartagena, Spain
| | - J A Acosta
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230, Cartagena, Spain.
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Niu Y, Chen R, Kan H. Air Pollution, Disease Burden, and Health Economic Loss in China. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1017:233-242. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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