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Ren F, Xu X, Xu J, Mei Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Li F. Compound essential oils relieve oxidative stress caused by PM 2 .5 exposure by inhibiting autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1765-1774. [PMID: 34037319 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) potentially damages the respiratory system and causes respiratory diseases. Compound essential oils (CEOs) have been shown to alleviate the damage to the lung and macrophages caused by PM2.5 . However, the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the brain has rarely been investigated. When oxidative stress occurs in the brain, it readily causes neurological diseases. Autophagy is intimately involved in many physiological processes, especially processes important for the brain. Blocked or excessive autophagy causes a series of brain diseases, such as cerebral ischemia and stroke. This study investigated whether CEOs regulate excessive autophagy and reduce the oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 in the brain and BV2 microglial cells. PM2.5 increased the levels of ROS, Nox2, NF-κB and MDA while decreasing superoxide dismutase and HO-1 levels, which led to oxidative stress in the brain. The increased LC3 level and decreased P62 level suggested that PM2.5 exposure increased the level of autophagy. After exposure to PM2.5 , the levels of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased, while the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) decreased, suggesting that PM2.5 might induce autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In addition, CEOs alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy induced by PM2.5 . Therefore, we concluded that CEOs reduce oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 exposure by inhibiting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and these findings provide new opportunities for the prevention of PM2.5 -induced brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingbin Xu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuhui Mei
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Langfang, Langfang Environmental Protection Bureau, Langfang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Fan H, Zhang J, Zuo S, Hu Q, Feng Q, Heidari H. A CMOS Hall sensor modeling with readout circuitry and microcontroller processing for magnetic detection. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:034707. [PMID: 33819979 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A Hall sensor array system for magnetic field detection and analysis is realized in X-FAB 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Magnetic field detection is attributed to the magnetization of metal coils to metal particles and the sensing characteristics of the Hall sensor array. The system puts forward a complete solution from Hall sensors, analog front-end circuit, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to microcontroller unit. Using Ansoft Maxwell and COMSOL Multiphysics software for simulation verification, the minimum diameter of magnetic particles that can be detected in the system is 2 μm. The measured signal to noise and distortion ratio, spurious free dynamic range, and effective number of bits of the proposed ADC are 70.61 dB, 90.08 dB, and 11.44-bit, respectively. The microsystem based on STM32 combines hardware and software design, which can effectively adjust the motion parameters and realize the real-time display in the LCD screen of the magnetic field and voltage information. Compared to the prior system, the portability, cost, and efficiency have been considerably improved, which is aimed at the rapid measurement of heavy metal particles such as Fe, Co, and Ni in ambient air and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Siming Zuo
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Hu
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Quanyuan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Hadi Heidari
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Niazi NK, Xiong TT, Farooq ABU, Khalid S. Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metal(loid)-Enriched Particulate Matter: Foliar Accumulation by Plants and Health Impacts. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:65-113. [PMID: 31897760 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric contamination by heavy metal-enriched particulate matter (metal-PM) is highly topical nowadays because of its high persistence and toxic nature. Metal-PMs are emitted to the atmosphere by various natural and anthropogenic activities, the latter being the major source. After being released into the atmosphere, metal-PM can travel over a long distance and can deposit on the buildings, water, soil, and plant canopy. In this way, these metal-PMs can contaminate different parts of the ecosystem. In addition, metal-PMs can be directly inhaled by humans and induce several health effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the fate and behavior of these metal-PMs in the environment. In this review, we highlighted the atmospheric contamination by metal-PMs, possible sources, speciation, transport over a long distance, and deposition on soil, plants, and buildings. This review also describes the foliar deposition and uptake of metal-PMs by plants. Moreover, the inhalation of these metal-PMs by humans and the associated health risks have been critically discussed. Finally, the article proposed some key management strategies and future perspectives along with the summary of the entire review. The abovementioned facts about the biogeochemical behavior of metal-PMs in the ecosystem have been supported with well-summarized tables (total 14) and figures (4), which make this review article highly informative and useful for researchers, scientists, students, policymakers, and the organizations involved in development and management. It is proposed that management strategies should be developed and adapted to cope with atmospheric release and contamination of metal-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
- Association Réseau-Agriville, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian Tian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Yang C, Zhang C, Luo X, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Isomerization and Degradation of Levoglucosan via the Photo-Fenton Process: Insights from Aqueous-Phase Experiments and Atmospheric Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11789-11797. [PMID: 32897062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
So far, studies on the conversion of stereochemistry under photo-Fenton conditions and their atmospheric implication are still rare. Here, we found that the biomass burning marker, the chiral compound levoglucosan (L), undergoes oxidative degradation under photo-Fenton conditions and can be isomerized into mannosan (M) and galactosan (G) simultaneously. Among the formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid in the degradation products of levoglucosan, it was found that the yield of formation of formic acid in the photo-Fenton pathway can be as high as 86%. It is worth noting that both levoglucosan and its isomers are present in the atmosphere and their concentrations are strongly correlated. At the same time, the range of their concentration ratios, L/(G + M), measured in the photo-Fenton experiments in the laboratory was found to agree well with that measured in atmospheric PM2.5 samples. However, the sources of L, G, and M in the atmosphere are complex, and the photo-Fenton reaction may be an essential pathway for the distribution of L, G, and M in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Kocaoba S. Adsorption of Fe(II) and Fe(III) from aqueous solution by using sepiolite: speciation studies with MINEQL+ computer program. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1579841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Kocaoba
- Faculty of Art & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Fan R, Zhou Q, Yang J, Yang S, Wang C, Kou J. Walnut protein isolates attenuate particulate matter-induced lung and cardiac injury in mice and zebra fish. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40736-40744. [PMID: 35542651 PMCID: PMC9076285 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem, and the fine particles of air pollution can cause diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Walnut protein isolates (WPIs) are peptides purified from walnut protein hydrolysates that have very high antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. In this study, mice and zebra fish were used to test the effect of WPIs on the acute lung injury (ALI) and heart injury induced by particulate matter (PM). The WPIs protected against ALI in the PM-induced ALI mouse model by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6) in ALI mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and acyl carrier protein (ACP) level. In the zebra fish model, the WPIs promoted the secretion of PM into the intestinal tract, protected against the heart injury caused by PM, and promoted the phagocytosis of zebra fish macrophages. Therefore, WPIs are potential candidates to be a health-promoting product with no toxicity. This study supports new prospects for WPI development and shows WPIs may be potential candidates for healthy products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Mingchuan Liu
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Ruiping Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Qianliu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Jinping Yang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Chaojih Wang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
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