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Xiang J, Shi W, Jing Z, Guan Y, Yang F, Wang G, Sun X, Li J, Li Q, Zhang H. Exogenous calcium-induced carbonate formation to increase carbon sequestration in coastal saline-alkali soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174338. [PMID: 38944306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Promoting soil carbon sequestration is a possible way to mitigate global warming. To investigate the effects of exogenous calcium on soil carbon sequestration during the application of organic matter to improve coastal saline-alkali soil. In this study, a 30-day incubation experiment was based on the application of corn straw biochar + chicken manure (BM) and rice straw + chicken manure (SM). Usages of exogenous calcium in each treatment under each organic matter combination as follow: CK (No exogenous calcium), CaSi1 (1.24 g CaSiO3, i.e. 4.28 g Ca kg-1 soil), CaSi2 (2.48 g CaSiO3, i.e. 8.56 g Ca kg-1 soil), CaOH1 (0.79 g Ca(OH)2, i.e. 4.28 g Ca kg-1 soil), CaOH2 (1.58 g Ca(OH)2, i.e. 8.56 g Ca kg-1 soil), CaSiOH (1.24 g CaSiO3 + 0.79 g Ca(OH)2, i.e. 8.56 g Ca kg-1 soil). Results showed that exogenous calcium significantly reduced CO2 emission. Organic matter addition promoted the loss of SOC, and exogenous did not significantly affect the mineralization of SOC albeit strongly increased SIC, making up for the loss of SOC, increasing soil total carbon and realizing soil carbon fixation. Soil carbon fixation was mainly realized by the reaction of exogenous calcium with CO2 generated by mineralization and converting it into calcium carbonate. pH and soil CO2 emission are the major controlling factors for soil inorganic carbon sequestration. Therefore, applying organic matter with exogenous calcium can realize soil carbon fixation by generation of calcium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenzhu Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenjiao Jing
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yaling Guan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fengmin Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Genmei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qing Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huanchao Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Guo F, Sun H, Yang J, Zhang L, Mu Y, Wang Y, Wu F. Improving food security and farmland carbon sequestration in China through enhanced rock weathering: Field evidence and potential assessment in different humid regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166118. [PMID: 37574053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) in farmland is an emerging carbon dioxide removal technology with crushed silicate rocks for soil improvement. However, due to climatic variability and field data limitations, uncertainties remain regarding the influence of ERW on food security and soil carbon pools in temperate regions. This study focused to evaluate the crop productivity and carbon sequestration potential of farmland ERW in China by conducting field monitoring in different humid regions and ERW performance model. Additionally, the contribution of climate, soil, and management factors to ERW-mediated yield and carbon sequestration changes was explored using random forest and correlation networks. Field monitoring indicated that farmland ERW significantly improved crop yield in humid region (13.5 ± 5.2 %), along with notable improvements in soil pH and available nutrients. Precipitation (10.4-16.7 %) and soil pH (9.7-16.8 %) had the highest contribution on ERW mediated yield and carbon sequestration changes, but the contribution of management factors (24-26.2 %), especially N input (2.7-7.0 %), should not be disregarded. The model evaluation demonstrated that the carbon sequestration rate of farmland ERW in China can reach 0.28-0.40 Gt yr-1, thereby presenting an opportunity to expand and accelerate the nationally determined contributions of China. The mean sequestration cost of farmland ERW was 633 ± 161 CNY ¥ t-CO2-1, which was an attractive sequestration price considering the positive benefits of rock powder on soil pH and nutrients. Deploying ERW in acidified and mineral nutrient deficient regions was able to serve as an alternative to lime and part chemical fertilizers to improve yield and maximize agricultural sustainability and resource co-benefits. Farmland ERW also has the potential to resource silicate waste to assist traditional, difficult-to-decarbonize industries to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, a comprehensive assessment of existing artificial silicate waste materials could further expand the application of farmland ERW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haowei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Linsen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Mu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Fuping Modern Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Fuping 711700, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Differential immediate and long-term effects of nitrogen input on denitrification N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio along a 0‒5.2 m soil profile. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276891. [PMID: 36315495 PMCID: PMC9621404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High nitrogen (N) input to soil can cause higher nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, that is, a higher N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio, through an inhibition of N2O reductase activity and/or a decrease in soil pH. We assumed that there were two mechanisms for the effects of N input on N2O emissions, immediate and long-term effect. The immediate effect (field applied fertilizer N) can be eliminated by decreasing the N input, but not the long-term effect (soil accumulated N caused by long-term fertilization). Therefore, it is important to separate these effects to mitigate N2O emissions. To this end, soil samples along a 0‒5.2 m profile were collected from a long-term N fertilization experiment field with two N application rates, that is, 600 kg N ha-1 year-1 (N600) and no fertilizer N input (N0). External N addition was conducted for each subsample in the laboratory incubation study to produce two additional treatments, which were denoted as N600+N and N0+N treatments. The results showed that the combined immediate and long-term effects led to an increase in the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio by 6.8%. Approximately 32.6% and 67.4% of increase could be explained by the immediate and long-term effects of N input, respectively. Meanwhile, the long-term effects were significantly positively correlated to soil organic carbon (SOC). These results indicate that excessive N fertilizer input to the soil can lead to increased N2O emissions if the soil has a high SOC content. The long-term effect of N input on the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio should be considered when predicting soil N2O emissions under global environmental change scenarios.
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Tao J, Raza S, Zhao M, Cui J, Wang P, Sui Y, Zamanian K, Kuzyakov Y, Xu M, Chen Z, Zhou J. Vulnerability and driving factors of soil inorganic carbon stocks in Chinese croplands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154087. [PMID: 35218836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and its minimum contribution towards global C cycle has been challenged, as recent studies have showed rapid decreases in SIC stocks in intensive agricultural systems. However, the extent of SIC losses and its driving factors remains unclear. Here, we compared changes in SIC density (SICD) in Chinese croplands between the 1980s and 2010s. The SIC contents in 1980s were obtained from second national soil survey (n = 949) and published studies (n = 47). The SIC contents in 2010s were based on resampling of soil profiles from the same locations during 2019 and 2020 (n = 30), as well as data from published studies and national soil survey (n = 903). We found that Chinese croplands have lost 27-38% of SICD from the 0-40 cm soil layer and that the soil pH has decreased by 0.53 units over the past 30 years. These SIC losses increased with the ratio of precipitation (P) to potential evapotranspiration (PET) and most notably with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The SICD decreased greatly in humid and semiarid regions, and these losses were enhanced by high N fertilization rates; however, the SICD increased in very arid regions. This analysis demonstrates that the water balance and N fertilization are major drivers leading to dramatic losses of SICD in croplands and, consequently, to decreases in soil fertility and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sajjad Raza
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizhou Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueyu Sui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kazem Zamanian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Minggang Xu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zhujun Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, MOA, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Kim JH, Jobbágy EG, Richter DD, Trumbore SE, Jackson RB. Agricultural acceleration of soil carbonate weathering. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5988-6002. [PMID: 32511819 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbonates (i.e., soil inorganic carbon or SIC) represent more than a quarter of the terrestrial carbon pool and are often considered to be relatively stable, with fluxes significant only on geologic timescales. However, given the importance of climatic water balance on SIC accumulation, we tested the hypothesis that increased soil water storage and transport resulting from cultivation may enhance dissolution of SIC, altering their local stock at decadal timescales. We compared SIC storage to 7.3 m depth in eight sites, each having paired plots of native vegetation and rain-fed croplands, and half the sites having additional irrigated cropland plots. Rain-fed and irrigated croplands had 328 and 730 Mg C/ha less SIC storage, respectively, compared to their native vegetation (grassland or woodland) pairs, and irrigated croplands had 402 Mg C/ha less than their rain-fed pairs (p < .0001). SIC contents were negatively correlated with estimated groundwater recharge, suggesting that dissolution and leaching may be responsible for SIC losses observed. Under croplands, the remaining SIC had more modern radiocarbon and a δ13 C composition that was closer to crop inputs than under native vegetation, suggesting that cultivation has led to faster turnover and incorporation of recent crop carbon into the SIC pool (p < .0001). The losses occurred just 30-100 years after land-use changes, indicating SIC stocks that were stable for millennia can rapidly adjust to increased soil water flows. Large SIC losses (194-242 Mg C/ha) also occurred below 4.9 m deep under irrigated croplands, with SIC losses lagging behind the downward-advancing wetting front by ~30 years, suggesting that even deep SIC were affected. These observations suggest that the vertical distribution of SIC in dry ecosystems is dynamic on decadal timescales, highlighting its potential role as a carbon sink or source to be examined in the context of land use and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Esteban G Jobbágy
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis/CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Daniel D Richter
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert B Jackson
- School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Li W, Wang J, Li X, Wang S, Liu W, Shi S, Cao W. Nitrogen fertilizer regulates soil respiration by altering the organic carbon storage in root and topsoil in alpine meadow of the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13735. [PMID: 31551506 PMCID: PMC6760222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) plays a critical role in the global carbon (C) balance, especially in the context of globally increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. However, how N-addition influences C cycle remains unclear. Here, we applied seven levels of N application (0 (N0), 54 (N1), 90 (N2), 126 (N3), 144 (N4), 180 (N5) and 216 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (N6)) to quantify their impacts on Rs and its components (autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)) and C and N storage in vegetation and soil in alpine meadow on the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We used a structural equation model (SEM) to explore the relative contributions of C and N storage, soil temperature and soil moisture and their direct and indirect pathways in regulating soil respiration. Our results revealed that the Rs, Ra and Rh, C and N storage in plant, root and soil (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) all showed initial increases and then tended to decrease at the threshold level of 180 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The SEM results indicated that soil temperature had a greater impact on Rs than did volumetric soil moisture. Moreover, SEM also showed that C storage (in root, 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers) was the most important factor driving Rs. Furthermore, multiple linear regression model showed that the combined root C storage, 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layer C storage explained 97.4–97.6% variations in Rs; explained 94.5–96% variations in Ra; and explained 96.3–98.1% in Rh. Therefore, the growing season soil respiration and its components can be well predicted by the organic C storage in root and topsoil in alpine meadow of the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study reveals the importance of topsoil and root C storage in driving growing season Rs in alpine meadow on the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Grassland Institute, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, 810003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxia Cao
- Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Wang F, Zhang Y, Qin S, Wei S, Wang S, Hu C, Liu B. Organic carbon availability limiting microbial denitrification in the deep vadose zone. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:980-992. [PMID: 29266729 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbes in the deep vadose zone play an essential role in the mitigation of nitrate leaching; however, limited information is available on the mechanisms of microbial denitrification due to sampling difficulties. We experimentally studied the factors that affect denitrification in soils collected down to 10.5 meters deep along the soil profile. After an anoxic pre-incubation, denitrification rates moderately increased and the N2 O/(N2 O + N2 ) ratios declined while the microbial abundance and diversity did not change significantly in most of the layers. Denitrification rate was significantly enhanced and the abundance of the denitrification genes was simultaneously elevated by the increased availability of organic carbon in all studied layers, to a greater extent in the subsurface layers than in the surface layers, suggesting the severe scarcity of carbon in the deep vadose zone. The genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus, which are made up of a number of species that have been previously identified as denitrifiers in soil, were the major taxa that respond to carbon addition. Overall, our results suggested that the limited denitrification in the deep vadose zone is not because of the lack of denitrifiers, but due to the low abundance of denitrifiers which is caused by low carbon availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shuping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shoucai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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