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Chen T, Yang X, Zuo Z, Xu H, Yang X, Zheng X, He S, Wu X, Lin X, Li Y, Zhang Z. Shallow wet irrigation reduces nitrogen leaching loss rate in paddy fields by microbial regulation and lowers rate of downward migration of leaching water: a 15N-tracer study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340336. [PMID: 38590742 PMCID: PMC10999577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
China consumes 35% of the world's fertilizer every year; however, most of the nitrogen fertilizers, which are essential for rice cultivation, are not used effectively. In this study, factors affecting the nitrogen leaching loss rate were studied in typical soil and rice varieties in South China. The effects of various irrigation measures on rice growth and nitrogen leaching loss were investigated by conducting experiments with eight groups. These groups included traditional irrigation (TI) and shallow wet irrigation (SWI). The TI is a common irrigation method for farmers in South China, maintaining a water layer of 5-8 cm depth. For SWI, after establishing a shallow water layer usually maintaining at 1-2 cm, paddy is irrigated when the field water level falls to a certain depth, then this process is then repeat as necessary. The nitrogen distribution characteristics were determined using 15N isotope tracing. In addition, the effects of nitrification, denitrification, and microbial composition on soil nitrogen transformation at different depths were studied by microbial functional gene quantification and high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that in the SWI groups, the total nitrogen leaching loss rate reduced by 0.3-0.8% and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 2.18-4.43% compared with those in the TI groups. After the 15N-labeled nitrogen fertilizer was applied, the main pathways of nitrogen were found to be related to plant absorption and nitrogen residues. Furthermore, paddy soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more effective than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for soil ammonia oxidation by SWI groups. The SWI measures increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in paddy soil, enhancing the ability of rice to fix nitrogen to produce ammonium nitrogen, thus reducing the dependence of rice on chemical fertilizers. Moreover, SWI enhanced the relative abundance of nirS and nosZ genes within surface soil bacteria, thereby promoting denitrification in the surface soil of paddy fields. SWI also promoted ammonia oxidation and denitrification by increasing the abundance and activity of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Bacteroidetes. Collectively, SWI effectively reduced the nitrogen leaching loss rate and increase NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuran He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Fei L, Guo J, Liu W, Ma A, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S. Determining optimal nitrogen management to improve rice yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency based on multi-index decision analysis method. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2357-2366. [PMID: 36710495 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reasonable nitrogen (N) supply is critical for increasing rice yield while improving grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the trade-off relationship between yield, quality and NUE of rice under N management has not been well understood enough. In the present study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to identify optimal N fertilizer management practices that resulted in high-yield, high-quality and high-NUE by using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) with entropy weight (EW) method. RESULTS All the parameters of rice yield, quality and efficiency were remarkably affected by fertilization treatments. Compared with farmer's fertilization practice (FFP), optimizing N fertilizer treatment (OPT) and substituting 20% of N fertilizer with pig manure based on OPT treatment (OPTM) increased grain yield (2.87-6.62%) by maintaining higher 1000-grain weight and filled grains rate. The agronomic NUE (AE) and N partial factor productivity (PFP) under OPT and OPTM treatment were also remarkably increased by 32.81-43.01% and 28.59-33.28% with respect to the value under FFP treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, OPT and OPTM significantly improved the milling quality of rice by increasing brown rice rate (0.71-1.17%) and head rice rate (1.34-2.31%). OPT and OPTM significantly improved appearance quality by decreasing chalkiness and eating quality by reducing amylose content in 2020. The TOPSIS with EW showed that rice comprehensive evaluation could be maintained at a high level under OPT and OPTM. CONCLUSION OPT and OPTM were nutrient management modes of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency, and promising practice to improve rice comprehensive productivity. This strategy is also highly-consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anlingyang Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao F, Li F, Zhou J, Sun X, Wang Y, Jing L, Hou J, Bao F, Wang G, Chen B. Soiltesting formula fertilization with organic fertilizer addition for target yield cannot stand long due to stem lodging of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1091156. [PMID: 36570943 PMCID: PMC9773382 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil testing formula fertilization using organic fertilizer (STFFOF)could increase grain yields and protect the ecological environment but the potential risks of STFFOF remains unclear. METHODS In order to assess the risk on rice stem lodging, a STFFOF field experiment is conducted continuously for 11 years. RESULTS After 11 years of continuous STFFOF treatment, the stem lodging rate of rice substantially increases by 81.1%*, which completely overweigh its increase in yield. Further research found that STFFOF greatly decreases the concentration of Ca, SiO2, K, Mg, and non-structural carbohydrates in basal internodes, dramatically increases that of N, P, and weight per ear, but slightly affects the structural carbohydrates. The strong correlations imply the increasement in weight per ear, N, and P concentrations, and the significant decrease in starch in the basal internodes might directly increase the brittleness of stem internodes and further cause severe stem lodging and yield loss of rice. DISCUSSION Results suggest that the potential risks of rice production including stem lodging must be considered when adopting the excessive exploration mode of productivity technology of paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Zhao
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Planting Technology Extension Center of Dongyang, Dongyang, China
| | - Liquan Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Hou
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Guiyue Wang
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
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Zhang YW, McCarl BA, Cao Z, Li Q, Yang S, Liu H. Operating pesticide use reduction within the boundary of food security in peri-urban settings. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:635-647. [PMID: 38934006 PMCID: PMC11197716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use in peri-urban areas affects the urban environment and public health, and reducing the use may present food security issues for urban dwellers. In this study, we explore how a municipality-adopted goal of a 20% reduction in pesticide use could be achieved, along with local food security and environmental implications, for Shanghai located in the densely populated East China. A regional Shanghai Agricultural Sector Model incorporating district- and technology-varying crop budgets, was developed to simulate the effects of pesticide reduction policy. Here we find that achieving the reduction goal had the largest implications in districts with high pesticide use totals and intensities, potentially reducing pesticide non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Estuary and Dianshan Lake; the production levels of rice and leafy vegetables would be most affected; and adopting machinery that allows more precise pesticide application modulates these results. Moreover, imposing the requirements at the district-level caused more severe local food security concerns, and less environmental benefits. Furthermore, a closed Shanghai's agricultural economy would substantially enlarge the regional heterogeneity in the above-mentioned outcomes. Exploring the effects of a quantity control policy on current-use pesticides at different aggregation levels has important implications for regulating the use of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan W. Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bruce A. McCarl
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 2124 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Zhengwei Cao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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Ruan S, Zhuang Y, Zhang L, Li S, Chen J, Wen W, Zhai L, Liu H, Du Y. Improved estimation of nitrogen dynamics in paddy surface water in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114932. [PMID: 35338988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paddy surface water is the direct source of artificial drainage and surface runoff leading to N loss from rice paddy fields. Quantifying the N dynamics in paddy surface water on a large scale is challenging because of model deficiencies and the limitations of field measurements. This study analyzed the N dynamics and the influencing factors in paddy surface water in the three main Chinese rice-growing regions: Northeast Plain, Yangtze River Basin, and Southeast Coast. An improved first-order kinetic model was proposed to evaluate the total nitrogen (TN) dynamics at a countrywide scale by improving the calculation method of the initial TN concentration (C0) and providing the optimum value of attenuation coefficient (k). The results show that: (1) the average reduction rate of TN concentration on the 7th day after fertilization increased with the growth period (85%, 90%, and 95% during the basal, tillering, and panicle fertilization periods, respectively); (2) the attenuation coefficient k for the growth periods was ranked as follows: panicle fertilization period > tillering fertilization period > basal fertilization period. The Yangtze River Basin had the highest average k value (0.31-0.34), followed by the Southeast Coast (0.24-0.41) and Northeast Plain (0.22-0.30); and (3) the improved first-order kinetic model performed well in the N dynamics estimation (R2 > 0.6). High TN concentration with high fertilizer application amounts and precipitation caused the Yangtze River Basin to have a high N runoff loss risk. The proposed universal model realizes the simulation of N dynamics from a single site to multi-sites while greatly saving multi-site monitoring costs. This study provides a basis for effectively optimizing N management and preventing N loss in rice paddies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Ruan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhuang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Du
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Shu W, Yang Z, Xu Z, Zhu T, Tian X, Yang Y. Effects of one-dimensional nanomaterial polyaniline nanorods on earthworm biomarkers and soil enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35217-35229. [PMID: 35048350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline nanorods (PANRs) are typical one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D NMs), which are widely used in medicine, batteries and water treatment, etc. Applications of PANRs will eventually enter the soil environment, but their ecotoxicity has been barely reported. Therefore, we measured earthworm biomass, earthworm biomarkers and soil enzymes to investigate the ecotoxicity of PANRs. The result of positive and increasing growth inhibition rates (GIR) showed that PANRs inhibited earthworm growth. As for earthworm biomarkers, PANRs caused a decrease in protein content, indicating that PANRs stress would increase earthworm energy consumption. Except for the 7th day, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD consistently increased, suggesting that PANRs activated the earthworm antioxidant system. The continually augment of MDA content indicated that PANRs stress would cause earthworm lipid damage. Na+-K+-ATPase increased with an excellent dose-time relationship. Differently, cellulase and AChE activities promoted at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. The positive and dose-dependent IBRv2 indicated that the higher the concentrations of PANRs, the greater the ecotoxicity to earthworms. PANRs inhibited the soil enzyme activities such as sucrase, neutral phosphatase, protease and urease, while induced catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Earthworm addition reduced catalase activity by 10.74-29.99%, but improved other soil enzymes activities, demonstrating that earthworms played a positive role in regulating soil enzyme activity. GMean and T-SQI consistently increased due to earthworm activity, meaning a higher soil microbial functional diversity. Generally, this study provided data support for future PANRs toxicity studies, but their toxicity mechanisms still need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaifu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhinan Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Mapping Impervious Surface Using Phenology-Integrated and Fisher Transformed Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The impervious surface area (ISA) is a key indicator of urbanization, which brings out serious adverse environmental and ecological consequences. The ISA is often estimated from remotely sensed data via spectral mixture analysis (SMA). However, accurate extraction of ISA using SMA is compromised by two major factors, endmember spectral variability and plant phenology. This study developed a novel approach that incorporates phenology with Fisher transformation into a conventional linear spectral mixture analysis (PF-LSMA) to address these challenges. Four endmembers, high albedo, low albedo, evergreen vegetation, and seasonally exposed soil (H-L-EV-SS) were identified for PF-LSMA, considering the phenological characteristic of Shanghai. Our study demonstrated that the PF-LSMA effectively reduced the within-endmember spectral signature variation and accounted for the endmember phenology effects, and thus well-discriminated impervious surface from seasonally exposed soil, enhancing the accuracy of ISA extraction. The ISA fraction map produced by PF-LSMA (RMSE = 0.1112) outperforms the single-date image Fisher transformed unmixing method (F-LSMA) (RMSE = 0.1327) and the other existing major global ISA products. The PF-LSMA was implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform and thus can be easily adapted to extract ISA in other places with similar climate conditions.
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Hou P, Jiang Y, Yan L, Petropoulos E, Wang J, Xue L, Yang L, Chen D. Effect of fertilization on nitrogen losses through surface runoffs in Chinese farmlands: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148554. [PMID: 34171810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface runoff is the main cause of farmland nitrogen (N) losses in plain areas, which adversely affect water quality. The impact of fertilization on N runoff loss often varies. A meta-analysis was performed using 245 observations from 31 studies in China, to estimate the response of N loss in both paddy and upland fields subjected to different fertilization strategies, and investigate the link between N runoffs, soil properties, as well as precipitation in the planting season. The results showed that compared to the control (without fertilization), N losses subjected to fertilization increased from 3.31 kg/ha to 10.03 kg/ha and from 3.00 kg/ha to 11.24 kg/ha in paddy and upland fields respectively. Importantly, paddy N loss was significantly correlated with fertilizer type and N application rate (predictors); in upland fields N application rate and seasonal precipitation were the main driving factors. For the N application rate, N loss increased with increase in rates for both paddies and upland fields. Moreover, the N loss from upland fields increased with the precipitation during planting season. Between the three fertilizers used in paddies, the increase in loss of CRF (controlled release fertilizer) or OF (organic fertilizer) was lower than that of CF (inorganic chemical fertilizer) with the lowest value in CRF. Subset analysis showed that the effect of CRF and OF in paddies was not affected by the predictors, revealing the steadily controlling property of CRF and OF in paddies. Also, all the predictors had an insignificant impact to N loss risk in paddies during the high application rate. Overall, the results confirm the importance of N dosage in N runoff loss from farmland. Fertilizer type is a key consideration for N loss control in paddies, while the seasonal precipitation should not be ignored in upland fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfu Hou
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanjing 210014, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | | | - Jinyang Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanjing 210014, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanjing 210014, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Deli Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Liu D, Song C, Fang C, Xin Z, Xi J, Lu Y. A recommended nitrogen application strategy for high crop yield and low environmental pollution at a basin scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148464. [PMID: 34465062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating environmental pollution and sustaining grain production have been foundational issues in sustainable development, however, ascertaining the optimal balance remains poorly investigated. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate crop growth and nitrogen loss, established the mapping relationship between nitrogen input to yield and water quality, and proposed a general method to determine a nitrogen application strategy for high yield and low pollution at a basin scale. Lake Xiaoxingkai basin, which is the primary maize producing area in China as well as an internationally important wetland distribution area, was used as a case study. First, we designed application scenarios for 10 base fertilizers (B1-B10) and 10 topdressing fertilizers (T1-T10) and evaluated their combined effects of maize growth to identify the critical nitrogen fertilizer rates determined under fixed and dynamic base/topdressing ratios. Then, the critical base and topdressing fertilizer rates were determined. Based on the mapping relationship between nitrogen fertilizer rate and nitrogen loss, we then revealed water quality at the basin outlet under the critical base and topdressing fertilizer rates. Finally, we proposed alternative nitrogen application strategies for high yield and low pollution while considering the different preferences of decision-makers for the economy, agriculture, and environment. We found that adjusting the ratio of base to topdressing fertilizer may create a win-win situation for agriculture and the environment, which will provide a scientific basis for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Liu
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, China
| | - Changchun Song
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, China.
| | - Chong Fang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, China
| | - Zhuohang Xin
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, China
| | - Jia Xi
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Wang R, Wang Q, Dong L, Zhang J. Cleaner agricultural production in drinking-water source areas for the control of non-point source pollution in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112096. [PMID: 33582473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With continuous population growth and acceleration of urbanization in China, environmental problems in drinking-water source areas have become increasingly prominent. In some places, domestic wastewater and aquaculture sewage are directly discharged into water bodies without any treatment. Also, large amounts of domestic garbage and aquaculture waste are often randomly stacked, seriously polluting the surrounding groundwater and surface water and deteriorating the water quality. Notably, some agricultural production activities can also cause non-point source pollution, resulting from eutrophication of water bodies. In some instances, these activities can lead to nitrogen losses of 0.7%-83.9% and phosphorus losses of 0.6%-82.8%. In view of this situation, the implementation of cleaner agricultural production is of great significance for protecting the environment in drinking-water source areas and maintaining drinking-water safety. Specific practicable measures include formula fertilization through soil testing, integrated pest management, and water-saving irrigation technology. For the livestock- and poultry-breeding industry, it is necessary for large-scale farms to construct excreta discharge treatment facilities, carry out harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic wastes, establish rural biogas septic tanks, and make use of domestic-sewage and livestock-breeding wastewaters. Also, fixed garbage-dumping sites should be built in rural water-source areas, and a unified garbage-disposal station set up to reduce the pollution discharge of domestic garbage. Moreover, it is crucial to strictly control the development and utilization of hillsides in the middle and upper reaches of the drinking-water source area, as well as strengthen the restoration of vegetation and the construction of soil and water conservation forests in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Qingbing Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Linshui Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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11
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Nan Z, Wang X, Du Y, Melching CS, Shang X. Critical period and pathways of water borne nitrogen loss from a rice paddy in northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142116. [PMID: 33207443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice paddy nitrogen (N) loss is a great concern leading to a high risk of receiving water pollution. Various models have been applied as practical tools for simulation of the nutrient loss amount, and pathways or yield change affected by management factors in previous studies. However, N loss features of rice paddies in northern regions have received less attention and few model simulation studies have combined crop yield and N loss to simultaneously meet the needs of yield maintenance and environmental protection. To consider benefits to local farmers and to assess the paddy N loss features and factors in northeast China, rice yields and water borne N losses in 2013-2017 were simulated using the APSIM-Oryza model applied to Xingkai Lake Farm. Different from subtropical regions, high field ridges and lower rainfall limit local paddy overflow occurrence except after unexpected storms after irrigation in dry years or serial rainfall events, which result in subsurface N loss during stages of tillering (Ti) to flowering (Fl) which comprise the dominant pathway accounting for 50.03-69.99% of the total water borne N loss. The correlation analysis results also indicate irrigation and the applied N amount more significantly affect local paddy N loss than does precipitation. In each year, stimulated by an increase in the applied N amount, increasing rice yield (symbolizing crop growth status) indicated N loss implicitly rose. But under similar applied N amount range, inter-annual N loss results showed weaker growth status result in a higher N loss. Based on local N loss features, nutrient conservation practices including planting density increase or side strip application, and net N loss reduction practices including intermittent or recycling irrigation are recommended to limit nutrient loss from a paddy field which would be helpful for optimization of local nutrient conservation and surrounding water environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Nan
- College of Resources, Environment, and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Resources, Environment, and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yi Du
- College of Resources, Environment, and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Charles S Melching
- Melching Water Solutions, 4030 W. Edgerton Avenue, Greenfield, WI 53221, USA
| | - Xueshen Shang
- College of Resources, Environment, and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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12
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Deriving Annual Double-Season Cropland Phenology Using Landsat Imagery. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12203275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cropland phenology provides key information in managing agricultural practices and modelling crop yield. However, most of the existing phenological products have coarse spatial resolution ranging from 250 to 8000 m, which is not sufficient to capture the critical spatial details of cropland phenology at the landscape scale. Landsat imagery provides an unprecedented data source to generate 30-m spatial resolution phenological products. This paper explored the potential of utilizing multi-year Landsat enhanced vegetation index to derive annual phenological metrics of a double-season agricultural land from 1993 to 2009 in a sub-urban area of Shanghai, China. We used all available Landsat TM and ETM+ observations (538 scenes) and developed a Landsat double-cropping phenology (LDCP) algorithm. LDCP captures the temporal trajectory of multi-year enhanced vegetation index time series very well, with the degree of fitness ranging from 0.78 to 0.88 over the study regions. We found good agreements between derived annual phenological metrics and in situ observation, with root mean square error ranging from 8.74 to 18.04 days, indicating that the proposed LDCP is capable of detecting double-season cropland phenology. LDCP could reveal the spatial heterogeneity of cropland phenology at parcel scales. Phenology metrics were retrieved for approximately one-third and two-thirds of the 17 years for the first and second cropping cycles, respectively, depending on the number of good quality Landsat data. In addition, we found an advanced peak of season for both cropping cycles in 50–60% of the study area, and a delayed start of season for the second cropping cycle in 50–70% of the same area. The potential drivers of those trends might be climate warming and changes in agricultural practices. The derived cropland phenology can be used to help estimate historical crop yields at Landsat spatial resolution, providing insights on evaluating the effects of climate change on temporal variations of crop growth, and contributing to food security policy making.
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13
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Zou L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Hu X. Assessment and analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution loads in China: 1978-2017. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110400. [PMID: 32174536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China's successful agriculture development has resulted in public concerned environmental problems. However, continuous and detailed data about Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) loads are lacking. To assess and analyze Chinese ANPSP loads from 1978 to 2017, an inventory analysis was performed, and a socioeconomic and spatiotemporal analysis in the scale of provinces was conducted. The results showed that the pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 91.0%, 196.2% and 244.1%, respectively, and their variation underwent a free development stage, reform promotion stage, market regulation stage and policy incentive stage. The results of the pollution source analysis showed that over the past 40 years, the total percent contribution to COD by livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) and rural household waste (RHW) accounted for 83.1%-96.6%, the total percent contribution to TN by mineral fertilizers (MF) and LPB accounted for 72.3%-80.8%, and the total percent contribution to TP by LPB, RHW and MF accounted for 69.1%-88.6%. In addition, Shandong, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Henan were the top producers of ANPSP loads, and their COD, TN, and TP loads accounted for approximately 32%, 30%, and 35% of the national totals, respectively. The discharge intensity of COD, TN and TP decreased by 79.2%, 67.8%, and 62.6%, respectively. The discharge intensity exhibited a phasic feature that aligned with the national economic plan in the temporal scale and was closely related to the agricultural conditions in the spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zou
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yansui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xuedong Hu
- College of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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14
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Shah SHH, Li Y, Wang J, Collins AL. Optimizing farmyard manure and cattle slurry applications for intensively managed grasslands based on UK-DNDC model simulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136672. [PMID: 31982741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer applications can enhance soil fertility, pasture growth and thereby increase production. Nitrogen fertilizer has, however, been identified as a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture if not used correctly and can thereby increase the environmental damage costs associated with agricultural production. The optimum use of organic fertilizers requires an improved understanding of nutrient cycles and their controls. Against this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the scope for reducing N2O emissions from grassland using a number of manure management practices including more frequent applications of smaller doses and different methods of application. We used a modified UK-DNDC model and N2O emissions from grasslands at Pwllpeiran (PW), UK during the calibration period in autumn, were 1.35 kg N/ha/y (cattle slurry) and 0.95 kg N/ha/y (farmyard manure), and 2.31 kg N/ha/y (cattle slurry) and 1.08 kg N/ha/y (farmyard manure) during validation period in spring, compared to 1.43 kg N/ha/y (cattle slurry) and 0.29 kg N/ha/y (farmyard manure) during spring at North Wyke (NW), UK. The modelling results suggested that the time period between fertilizing and sampling (TPFA), rainfall and the daily average air temperature are key factors for N2O emissions. Also, the emission factor (EF) varies spatio-temporally (0-2%) compared to uniform 1% EF assumption of IPCC. Predicted N2O emissions were positively and linearly (R2 ≈ 1) related with N loadings under all scenarios. During the scenario analysis, the use of high frequency, low dose fertilizer applications compared to a single one off application was predicted to reduce N2O peak fluxes and overall emissions for cattle slurry during the autumn and spring seasons at the PW and NW experimental sites by 17% and 15%, respectively. These results demonstrated that an optimized application regime using outputs from the modelling approach is a promising tool for supporting environmentally-friendly precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hamid Hussain Shah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1200, 10011, 109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada
| | - Yumei Li
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1200, 10011, 109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada; College of Earth Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1200, 10011, 109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada.
| | - Adrian L Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK
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15
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Gao H, Sha Z, Wang F, Fang K, Dai W, Yi X, Cao L. Nitrogen leakage in a rice-duck co-culture system with different fertilizer treatments in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:555-567. [PMID: 31185403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) leakage in paddy fields can cause groundwater pollution. In this study, we conducted a split-plot field experiment over 2 years to compare N leakage in a rice-duck co-culture system and a rice monoculture system with different fertilizer treatments. Four treatments were applied to each field, with consistent N inputs in each fertilizer treatment: no fertilizer (RD and RM, respectively), chemical fertilizer (RDF and RMF, respectively), organic fertilizer (RDO and RMO, respectively), and a mixture of 70% chemical and 30% organic fertilizers (RDFO and RMFO, respectively). In both years, rice-duck co-culture system had lower N leakage than the rice monoculture for the same fertilizer treatment, with average reductions of 14.3 ± 0.1%, 13.5 ± 4.5% and 10.5 ± 3.3% for RDFO, RDF and RDO, respectively. Within the rice-duck co-culture system, the average N leakage across both years was 36.3 ± 6.3% lower in RDO and 16.9 ± 11.5% lower in RDFO than in RMF. RDFO gave the highest grain yield compared with RDF and RDO, average reached 10.35 t ha-1 across both years. In conclusion, our results suggested that rice-duck co-culture reduces environmental risks by controlling N leakage and increasing agricultural productivity. Compared with other treatments in this research, RDFO was the most recommended agricultural production mode in this region because it can reduce the inputs of chemical fertilizer, control nitrogen leakage and increase rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhimin Sha
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaikai Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaomei Yi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linkui Cao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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16
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Nurulhuda K, Gaydon DS, Jing Q, Zakaria MP, Struik PC, Keesman KJ. Nitrogen dynamics in flooded soil systems: an overview on concepts and performance of models. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:865-871. [PMID: 28940491 PMCID: PMC5814887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive modelling studies on nitrogen (N) dynamics in flooded soil systems have been published. Consequently, many N dynamics models are available for users to select from. With the current research trend, inclined towards multidisciplinary research, and with substantial progress in understanding of N dynamics in flooded soil systems, the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the modelling concepts and performance of 14 models developed to simulate N dynamics in flooded soil systems. This overview provides breadth of knowledge on the models, and, therefore, is valuable as a first step in the selection of an appropriate model for a specific application. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairudin Nurulhuda
- Biological and Agricultural EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia
- Biobased Chemistry and TechnologyWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | | | - Qi Jing
- Ottawa Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Mohamad P Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth SciencesUniversity of Malaya16310 BachokKelantanMalaysia
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | - Karel J Keesman
- Biobased Chemistry and TechnologyWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
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17
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Buvaneshwari S, Riotte J, Sekhar M, Mohan Kumar MS, Sharma AK, Duprey JL, Audry S, Giriraja PR, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Moger H, Durand P, Braun JJ, Ruiz L. Groundwater resource vulnerability and spatial variability of nitrate contamination: Insights from high density tubewell monitoring in a hard rock aquifer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:838-847. [PMID: 27887827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture has been increasingly relying on groundwater irrigation for the last decades, leading to severe groundwater depletion and/or nitrate contamination. Understanding the links between nitrate concentration and groundwater resource is a prerequisite for assessing the sustainability of irrigated systems. The Berambadi catchment (ORE-BVET/Kabini Critical Zone Observatory) in Southern India is a typical example of intensive irrigated agriculture and then an ideal site to study the relative influences of land use, management practices and aquifer properties on NO3 spatial distribution in groundwater. The monitoring of >200 tube wells revealed nitrate concentrations from 1 to 360mg/L. Three configurations of groundwater level and elevation gradient were identified: i) NO3 hot spots associated to deep groundwater levels (30-60m) and low groundwater elevation gradient suggest small groundwater reserve with absence of lateral flow, then degradation of groundwater quality due to recycling through pumping and return flow; ii) high groundwater elevation gradient, moderate NO3 concentrations suggest that significant lateral flow prevented NO3 enrichment; iii) low NO3 concentrations, low groundwater elevation gradient and shallow groundwater indicate a large reserve. We propose that mapping groundwater level and gradient could be used to delineate zones vulnerable to agriculture intensification in catchments where groundwater from low-yielding aquifers is the only source of irrigation. Then, wells located in low groundwater elevation gradient zones are likely to be suitable for assessing the impacts of local agricultural systems, while wells located in zones with high elevation gradient would reflect the average groundwater quality of the catchment, and hence should be used for regional mapping of groundwater quality. Irrigation with NO3 concentrated groundwater induces a "hidden" input of nitrogen to the crop which can reach 200kgN/ha/yr in hotspot areas, enhancing groundwater contamination. Such fluxes, once taken into account in fertilizer management, would allow optimizing fertilizer consumption and mitigate high nitrate concentrations in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriramulu Buvaneshwari
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Civil Engineering, 560012 Bangalore, India; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India.
| | - Jean Riotte
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD), Toulouse, France; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - M Sekhar
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Civil Engineering, 560012 Bangalore, India; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Civil Engineering, 560012 Bangalore, India; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India; LETG, COSTEL, UMR 6554 CNRS, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Louis Duprey
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Stephane Audry
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD), Toulouse, France
| | - P R Giriraja
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Civil Engineering, 560012 Bangalore, India
| | | | - Hemanth Moger
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Patrick Durand
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Braun
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD), Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Ruiz
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IISc-IRD Joint International Laboratory, IISc, Bangalore, India
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