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Sy ND, Wheeler SS, Reed M, Haas-Stapleton E, Reyes T, Bear-Johnson M, Kluh S, Cummings RF, Su T, Xiong Y, Shi Q, Gan J. Pyrethroid insecticides in urban catch basins: A potential secondary contamination source for urban aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120220. [PMID: 36152708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination is a threat to many aquatic habitats, and runoff from residential homes is a major contributor of these chemicals in urban surface streams and estuaries. Improved understanding of their fate and transport can help identify areas of concern for monitoring and management. In many urban areas, runoff water congregates in numerous underground catch basins before draining into the open environment; however, at present essentially no information is available on pesticide presence in these systems. In this study, we collected water samples from a large number of underground urban catch basins in different regions of California during the active pest management season to determine the occurrence and profile of the widely used pyrethroid insecticides. Detectable levels of pyrethroids were found in 98% of the samples, and the detection frequency of individual pyrethroids ranged from no detection for fenpropathrin to 97% for bifenthrin. In the aqueous phase, total pyrethroid concentrations ranged from 3 to 726 ng/L, with a median value of 32 ng/L. Pyrethroids were found to be enriched on suspended solids, with total concentrations ranging from 42 to 93,600 ng/g and a median value of 2,350 ng/g. In approximately 89% of the samples, whole water concentrations of bifenthrin were predicted to have toxic units >1 for sensitive aquatic invertebrates. The high detection frequency of bifenthrin and overall pyrethroid concentrations, especially for particle-bound residues, suggest that underground urban catch basins constitute an important secondary source for extended and widespread contamination of downstream surface waters by pesticides such as pyrethroids in urban regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Sarah S Wheeler
- Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito & Vector Control District, Elk Grove, CA, 95624, USA
| | - Marcia Reed
- Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito & Vector Control District, Elk Grove, CA, 95624, USA
| | | | - Trinidad Reyes
- Madera County Mosquito & Vector Control District, Madera, CA, 93637, USA
| | - Mir Bear-Johnson
- Delta Mosquito & Vector Control District, Visalia, CA, 93291, USA
| | - Susanne Kluh
- Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District, Santa Fe Springs, CA, 90670, USA
| | - Robert F Cummings
- Orange County Mosquito & Vector Control District, Garden Grove, CA, 92843, USA
| | - Tianyun Su
- West Valley Mosquito & Vector Control District, Ontario, CA, 91761, USA
| | - Yaxin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Phosphorus and Heavy Metals Removal from Stormwater Runoff Using Granulated Industrial Waste for Retrofitting Catch Basins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217169. [PMID: 36363996 PMCID: PMC9654934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus and heavy metals are washed off and transported with stormwater runoff to nearby surface water bodies resulting in environmental and human health risks. Catch basins remain one of the primary gateways through which stormwater runoff and pollutants from urban areas are transported. Retrofitting catch basins to enhance their phosphorus and heavy metal removal can be an effective approach. In this study, aluminum-based water treatment residual (WTR, a non-hazardous byproduct of the water treatment process) was granulated via a green method to serve as a sustainable filter material, called WTR granules, for enhancing the capabilities of catch basins to remove phosphorus and heavy metals. The WTR granules were field tested in a parking lot in Hoboken, New Jersey. Twelve storm events were monitored. The results showed that the WTR granules significantly (p < 0.05) reduced dissolved P, Cu, and Zn, as well as total P, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in stormwater runoff without signs of disintegration. No flooding or water ponding was observed during the implementation. Results suggest the WTR granules are an inexpensive, green filter material that can be used for retrofitting catch basins to remove phosphorus and heavy metals effectively.
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Nuruzzaman M, Anwar AHMF, Sarukkalige R, Sarker DC. Review of hydraulics of Floating Treatment Islands retrofitted in waterbodies receiving stormwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149526. [PMID: 34467926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater pollution causes an excessive influx of nutrients and metals to the receiving waterbodies (stormwater ponds, lakes, and rivers), which can cause eutrophication and metal toxicity. One of the most cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions to stormwater pollution is constructing Floating Treatment Islands (FTIs) within the waterbodies receiving stormwater runoff. Treatment efficiency of FTIs depends on many factors including plant species, temperature, detention time, and pollutant loading rate. Another important factor is FTI hydraulics, which determines the amount of inflow to the root zone and residence time, greatly impacting the treatment. However, only a few studies refer to the hydraulics of waterbodies retrofitted with FTIs. This paper reviews available literature on field-scale, laboratory-scale and numerical studies on the hydraulics of FTI retrofitted waterbodies. Because of limited knowledge on the factors affecting hydraulics of waterbodies retrofitted with FTIs, current practices cannot ensure maximum hydraulic performance of this system. This review paper identifies different factors affecting the FTI hydraulics, investigates knowledge gaps, and provides future research direction for hydraulically efficient design of FTIs to treat stormwater. It was found that there is a need to investigate the impact of new design parameters such as FTI shape, FTI coverage, inlet-outlet configurations, and shape of waterbody on the hydraulic performance of FTI retrofitted waterbodies. A lack of dimensional analysis on FTI retrofitted waterbodies in existing literature revealed that field-scale values were not properly scaled down in laboratory experiments. Although a few short-circuiting prevention mechanisms (SPMs) were used in different field-scale studies, those mechanisms may be vulnerable to short-circuiting in the vertical dimension. It was revealed that studying the role of eddy diffusion and gap layer for vertical short-circuiting can help designing better SPMs. This review also identified that further investigation is required to incorporate root flexibility in the current modeling approach of FTI retrofitted waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nuruzzaman
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - A H M Faisal Anwar
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ranjan Sarukkalige
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Dipok Chandra Sarker
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Modeling of the Suspended Solid Removal of a Granular Media Layer in an Upflow Stormwater Runoff Filtration System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Upflow granular media filtration devices are widely used for stormwater runoff treatment. However, the system performance is not well characterized due to the irregular removal of suspended solid (SS) in the pretreatment (sedimentation) chamber and, hence, its irregular input to the media layer. In this regard, the performance of the granular media layer of an upflow filtration system is investigated herein by the use of various models. Due to the significant variation in the SS concentration of the influent and effluent to and from the media layer, the deep bed filtration model, the k-C* model, and the porous media capture model provide limited descriptions of the system performance. By contrast, the performance is well described using the kinetic model, the modified k-C* model using a specific deposit, and the modified porous media capture model using a specific deposit. The parameters of the latter models are shown to be in good correlation with the filtration velocity, SS removal, and specific deposit. The results suggest that modeling using a specific SS deposit can provide an accurate description of the granular media layer performance under a highly variable influent SS concentration.
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Palakkeel Veetil D, Arriagada EC, Mulligan CN, Bhat S. Filtration for improving surface water quality of a eutrophic lake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111766. [PMID: 33310244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms and the presence of cyanotoxins in surface water restrict the public from accessing lakes and beaches for drinking and recreational activities. An effort was taken in this on-site study to improve the surface water quality of a eutrophic lake, which has been under a swimming advisory for many years. A floating filtration unit with non-woven geotextiles as a sole filter media was tested for removing algae, nutrients, and suspended solids from overlying water under different lake conditions. Three non-woven geotextiles of different pore sizes were examined in different combinations and lake water quality was monitored for different physico-chemical, biological parameters. A YSI-EXO2 multiparameter probe was used for continuous online water quality monitoring during filtration. Depending on the initial water quality, excellent removal efficiency was observed as follows: 85-98% turbidity, 98-100% total suspended solids (TSS), 57-88% total phosphorus (TP), 33-66% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 80-96% chlorophyll a (Chl. a.). The filtered lake water quality satisfied the norm set for oligotrophic lakes for TP and Chl. a. Results from this on-site study are very promising, showing the potential applicability of geotextile filtration as an ecologically attractive technique to improve the surface water quality of small aquatic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Palakkeel Veetil
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Esteban Castillo Arriagada
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Catherine N Mulligan
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Sam Bhat
- Titan Environmental Containment Ltd., Ile-des-Chenes, Manitoba, Canada
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Liu A, Hong N, Zhu P, Guan Y. Characterizing petroleum hydrocarbons deposited on road surfaces in urban environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:589-596. [PMID: 30414587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are a toxic pollutant group, primarily including volatile organic compounds (VOC), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) and non-volatile organic compounds (NVOC). These pollutants can be accumulated on urban roads during dry periods and then washed-off by stormwater runoff in rainy days. Unlike heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons have not received an equal attention in the field of stormwater pollutant processes. This paper investigated characteristics of VOC, SVOC and NVOC pollutant loads deposited on urban roads and their influential factors using a forward stepwise regression and PROMETHEE-GAIA analysis techniques. The results indicate that the loads deposited on urban roads were NVOC > SVOC > VOC. It is also noted that the degrees of factors in influencing petroleum hydrocarbons deposited on urban roads did not equal and their order was total solids > land use type > vehicular traffic > roughness of road surfaces. The research results also showed that petroleum hydrocarbons on urban road surfaces tend to be source limiting rather than transport limiting. These outcomes can contribute to petroleum hydrocarbons polluted stormwater management, such as treatment system design and stormwater modelling approach improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Nian Hong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Panfeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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