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Li X, Fan Y, Gong H, Wang H, Ji Y, Xu L, Ma C, Shi C. One-pot electrochemical detection of foodborne pathogen based on in situ nucleic acid amplification and wash-free assay. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:431. [PMID: 38951263 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
A signal amplification electrochemical biosensor chip was developed to integrate loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on in situ nucleic acid amplification and methyl blue (MB) serving as the hybridization redox indicator for sensitive and selective foodborne pathogen detection without a washing step. The electrochemical biosensor chip was designed by a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and covered with polydimethylsiloxane membrane to form a microcell. The primers of the target were immobilized on the Au NPs by covalent attachment for in situ amplification. The electroactive MB was used as the electrochemical signal reporter and embedded into the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amplicons generated by LAMP. Differential pulse voltammetry was introduced to survey the dsDNA hybridization with MB, which differentiates the specifically electrode-unbound and -bound labels without a washing step. Pyrene as the back-filling agent can further improve response signaling by reducing non-specific adsorption. This method is operationally simple, specific, and effective. The biosensor showed a detection linear range of 102-107 CFU mL-1 with the limit of detection of 17.7 CFU mL-1 within 40 min. This method showed promise for on-site testing of foodborne pathogens and could be integrated into an all-in-one device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Gong
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life SciencesDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Qingdao JianMa Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266114, People's Republic of China
| | - Longqiang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life SciencesDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao JianMa Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266114, People's Republic of China.
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Nuchchanart W, Pikoolkhao P, Saengthongpinit C. Development of a lateral flow dipstick test for the detection of 4 strains of Salmonella spp. in animal products and animal production environmental samples based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:654-670. [PMID: 36108678 PMCID: PMC9996269 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. METHODS The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. RESULTS Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63°C for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×102 CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×104 CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. CONCLUSION The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Nuchchanart
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pikoolkhao
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chalermkiat Saengthongpinit
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Suárez-Pérez A, Corbera JA, González-Martín M, Tejedor-Junco MT. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from chicks of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis): A "one health" problem? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101925. [PMID: 36525767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from cloacal samples of chicks of Canarian Egyptian vultures was investigated. Prevalence of Salmonella was also studied. Forty-seven isolates, obtained from 23 animals, were analysed. Escherichia coli (n = 29), Proteus mirabilis (n = 17) and Salmonella spp. (n = 1) were identified using API 20E system. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antibiotics included in nine different categories was determined using disk-diffusion technique. The higher percentages of susceptible E. coli isolates were found for aminoglycosides and cefoxitin, and the lower ones were found for ampicillin, enrofloxacin and tetracycline. Proteus mirabilis isolates were susceptible to most of antimicrobials tested. Multidrug resistance patterns were found in 13 E. coli and four Proteus mirabilis. Salmonella spp. was detected in one chick (4.37%), and the isolate was also resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Thirteen E. coli isolates and four Proteus isolates showed a multidrug-resistance pattern, being resistant at least to one antibiotic in three or more different antimicrobial categories. This high level of antibiotic resistance in chickens of an endangered bird may be a limitation for possible treatments of infections in this species, as well as representing a source of resistant bacteria for animal care staff and for other animals in wildlife recovery centres. A "One Health" approach to this problem is necessary to reduce the levels of antimicrobial resistance in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Margarita González-Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Liu Z, Yu Y, Fotina T, Petrov R, Klishchova Z, Fotin A, Ma J. Multiplex PCR assay based on the citE2 gene and intergenic sequence for the rapid detection of Salmonella Pullorum in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101981. [PMID: 35797781 PMCID: PMC9264022 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common Gram-negative pathogens and seriously threatens chicken farms and food safety. This study aimed to establish a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach for the identification of different Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The citE2 gene and interval sequence of SPS4_00301–SPS4_00311 existed in all S. enterica subsp. enterica serovars by genomic comparison. By contrast, a 76 bp deletion in citE2 was found only in Salmonella Pullorum. Two pairs of special primers designed from citE2 and interval sequence were used to establish the multiplex PCR system. The optimized multiplex PCR system could distinguish Salmonella Pullorum and non-Salmonella Pullorum. The sensitivity of the optimized multiplex PCR system could be as low as 6.25 pg/μL and 104 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for genomic DNA and Salmonella Pullorum cells, respectively. The developed multiplex PCR assay distinguished Salmonella Pullorum from 33 different Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes and 13 non-target species. The detection of egg samples artificially contaminated with Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Enteritidis, and naturally contaminated 69 anal swab samples showed that results were consistent with the culture method. These features indicated that the developed multiplex PCR system had high sensitivity and specificity and could be used for the accurate detection of Salmonella Pullorum in clinical samples.
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Ives AM, Brenn-White M, Buckley JY, Kendall CJ, Wilton S, Deem SL. A Global Review of Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in Free-Living Vultures. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:40-54. [PMID: 35000042 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vulture species worldwide play a key role in ecosystems as obligate scavengers, and several populations have had precipitous declines. Research on vulture health is critical to conservation efforts including free-living vultures and captive breeding programs, but is limited to date. In this systematic review, we determined the reported causes of free-living vulture species morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most commonly reported cause of mortality was from toxins (60%), especially lead and pesticides, followed by traumatic injury (49%), including collisions with urban infrastructure and gunshot. Neglected areas of research in free-living vulture health include infectious diseases (16%), endocrine and nutritional disorders (6%), and neoplasia (< 1%). Almost half of the studies included in the review were conducted in either Spain or the USA, with a paucity of studies conducted in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. The highest number of studies was on Griffon (Gyps fulvus) (24%) and Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) (19%), while half of all vulture species had five or fewer studies. Future investigations on free-living vulture health should focus on neglected areas of research, such as infectious diseases, and areas with gaps in the current literature, such as South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and under-studied vulture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Ives
- The Cooke Veterinary Medical Center, 1520 Volvo Parkway, Chesapeake, VA, 23320, USA.
| | - Maris Brenn-White
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline Y Buckley
- Department of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sara Wilton
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Piras F, Spanu V, Siddi G, Gymoese P, Spanu C, Cibin V, Schjørring S, De Santis E, Scarano C. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of highly prevalent Salmonella serovars in wild boars from a national park in Sardinia. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wiemeyer GM, Plaza PI, Bustos CP, Muñoz AJ, Lambertucci SA. Exposure to Anthropogenic Areas May Influence Colonization by Zoonotic Microorganisms in Scavenging Birds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5231. [PMID: 34069136 PMCID: PMC8156487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wild bird species have commonly been implicated as potential vectors of pathogens to other species, humans included. However, the habitat where birds live could influence the probability to acquire these pathogens. Here, we evaluated if the characteristics of the environment used by obligate scavenging birds (vultures) influence their colonization by zoonotic pathogens. For this, we particularly focused on Salmonella spp., a zoonotic pathogen commonly present in bird species. The occurrence of this bacteria was evaluated in free ranging Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) using natural environments from Argentina and compared with those obtained from condors under human care. In addition, we compared our results with those reported for other wild vultures using natural and anthropized environments at a global scale. We did not find Salmonella spp. in samples of wild condors. Captive condor samples presented Salmonella spp. with an occurrence of 2.8%, and one isolate of Meticilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, among other potential pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, some species of free ranging vultures from diverse geographical areas using anthropized environments tend to present higher occurrences of Salmonella spp. These results highlight the importance of pristine ecosystems to protect vultures' health toward pathogenic microorganisms that can produce disease in these birds, but also in other species. We call for more studies evaluating differences in occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in vultures according to the quality of the environment they use. Even when vultures have not been implicated in zoonotic pathogen spread, our results add information to evaluate potential events of pathogen spillover between vultures and from these birds to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo María Wiemeyer
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA
- Buenos Aires Zoo, República de la India 3000, CABA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Hospital Escuela, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ignacio Plaza
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Carla Paola Bustos
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio Escuela Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina; (C.P.B.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alejandra Jimena Muñoz
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio Escuela Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina; (C.P.B.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Sergio Agustín Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
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Gao S, Liu J, Li Z, Ma Y, Wang J. Sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens based on CRISPR-Cas13a. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2615-2625. [PMID: 33931854 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, being one of the most widespread foodborne pathogens, is a compulsory test item required by national food safety standard of China and many other countries. More sensitive and specific Salmonella detection method is still needed since traditional methods are time consuming and highly dependent on enormous manpower and material resources. In this research, a bacteria detection method based on CRISPR-Cas13a system (where CRISPR is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) was proposed. The target DNA was amplified by PCR and transcribed into RNA by T7 transcriptase, which can activate the RNase activity of the Cas13a protein. The self-folding quenched fluorescent probe can be cleaved by the activated Cas13a protein to generate fluorescent signal. We named this method as PCF detection (PCR-CRISPR-Fluorescence based nucleic acid detection). In this study, PCF detection showed excellent sensitivity, which can detect Salmonella genomic DNA with a minimum of 101 aM or 10° CFU/ml Salmonella bacteria in 2 hr. It also showed good specificity with no cross-reaction with other common foodborne bacteria. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The PCF detection method proposed in this article can detect Salmonella sensitively and specifically, providing a novel strategy for the detection of foodborne pathogens in food and has great application potential in other microbial detection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Blanco G, Morinha F. Genetic signatures of population bottlenecks, relatedness, and inbreeding highlight recent and novel conservation concerns in the Egyptian vulture. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11139. [PMID: 33828925 PMCID: PMC8005290 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of temporal variation in genetic features can be particularly informative on the factors behind demography and viability of wildlife populations and species. We used molecular methods to evaluate neutral genetic variation, relatedness, bottlenecks, and inbreeding in a declining population of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in central Spain. The results show that the genetic diversity remained relatively stable over a period of twelve years despite the decline in census and effective population sizes in the last decades. A relatively high proportion of nestlings from different and distant territories showed high relatedness in each study year. We also found support for an increasing impact of severe recent (contemporary) rather than distant (historical) past demographic bottlenecks, and the first evidence of inbred mating between full siblings coinciding with lethal malformations in offspring. The inbred nestling with feather malformations was positive to beak and feather disease virus recorded for the first time in this species. These results alert on recent and novel threats potentially affecting health and reducing the adaptive potential of individuals in this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Morinha
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Blanco G, Díaz de Tuesta JA. Seasonal and spatial occurrence of zoonotic Salmonella serotypes in griffon vultures at farmland environments: Implications in pathogen pollution and ecosystem services and disservices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143681. [PMID: 33250252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Livestock production is a large source of microbial, pharmaceutical, and antimicrobial pollution worldwide. Vultures are one group of birds with particularly high exposure to food-borne pathogens due to frequent consumption of infected livestock carcasses. The potential origin and spatial-temporal shedding patterns of livestock-adapted Salmonella serotypes of zoonotic importance were evaluated in adult and nestling Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). We specifically assessed the exposure source and subsequent elimination of Salmonella-infected carcasses (ecosystem services) or transmission back to livestock (ecosystem disservices) by vultures, thus contributing respectively to disease mitigation or amplification in natural and farmed environments. The results show a seasonal high occurrence and turnover of a high variety of serotypes, especially swine-adapted ones isolated at high frequency. This suggests that vultures can be reservoirs and long-distance carriers of faecal Salmonella shed in supplementary feeding stations and breeding colonies. Contrary to their conservation purposes, feeding stations can act as Salmonella hotspots and reservoirs. However, a role for vultures in the transmission back to food-producing animals seems impossible because they do not come into contact at indoor farms, while transmission to free-ranging ruminants was not supported by the presence of ruminant-adapted serotypes in the vultures. Therefore, vultures do not promote disservices associated with the re-infection of livestock with Salmonella, but can provide quantitatively important ecosystem services by removing carrion contaminated with these and other zoonotic pathogens potentially affecting their health. Sanitary vigilance of the farms authorised to provide food for avian scavengers should avoid the disposal of swine and poultry carcasses with Salmonella and the antibiotics used to treat it. Extensive free-ranging livestock and their carcasses exploited in the countryside should be a priority for the conservation of vultures and their ecological function as cleaners and disease mitigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan A Díaz de Tuesta
- Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, Ordenación del Territorio y Sostenibilidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
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Blanco G, López-Hernández I, Morinha F, López-Cerero L. Intensive farming as a source of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in sedentary and migratory vultures: Implications for local and transboundary spread. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140356. [PMID: 32758969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of wild birds in the carriage and transmission of human and food animal bacteria with resistant genotypes has repeatedly been highlighted. However, few studies have focussed on the specific exposure sources and places of acquisition and selection for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in vultures relying on livestock carcasses across large areas and different continents. The occurrence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents was assessed in the faecal microbiota of sedentary Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and trans-Saharan migratory Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in central Spain. High rates (generally >50%) of resistant Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline were found. About 25-30% of samples were colonised by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria, while 5-17% were positive for plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) phenotypes, depending on vulture species and age. In total, nine ESBL types were recorded (7 in griffon vultures and 5 in Egyptian vultures), with CTX-M-1 the most prevalent in both species. The most prevalent PMQR was mediated by qnrS genes. We found no clear differences in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in adult vultures of each species, or between nestling and adult Egyptian vultures. This supports the hypothesis that antimicrobial resistance is acquired in the European breeding areas of both species. Bacterial resistance can directly be driven by the regular ingestion of multiple active antimicrobials found in medicated livestock carcasses from factory farms, which should be not neglected as a contributor to the emergence of novel resistance clones. The One Health framework should consider the potential transboundary carriage and spread of epidemic resistance from high-income European to low-income African countries via migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada López-Hernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Morinha
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Pitarch A, Gil C, Blanco G. Vultures from different trophic guilds show distinct oral pathogenic yeast signatures and co-occurrence networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138166. [PMID: 32224410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vultures have evolved adaptive mechanisms to prevent infections associated with their scavenging lifestyle. However, food-borne exposure to antimicrobial pharmaceuticals can promote opportunistic infections with adverse outcomes. Here, we used multivariate and network analyses to increase understanding of the behavior of the yeast communities causing oral mycosis outbreaks recently reported in wild nestling cinereous (Aegypius monachus), griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus) vultures (CV, GV and EV, respectively) exposed to antibiotics from livestock farming. Common and unique yeast signatures (of Candida, Debaromyces, Diutina, Meyerozyma, Naganishia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon and Yarrowia species) associated with oral mycoses were identified in the three vulture species. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that oral lesions from CV and GV shared similar yeast signatures (of major causative pathogens of opportunistic mycoses, such as Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis), while EV had a distinct yeast signature (of uncommon pathogenic species, such as Candida dubliniensis, Candida zeylanoides, Pichia fermentans and Rhodotorula spp.). Synergistic interactions between yeast species from distinct fungal phyla were found in lesions from CV and GV, but not in EV. These formed co-occurrence subnetworks with partially or fully connected topology. This study reveals that the composition, assembly and co-occurrence patterns of the yeast communities causing oral mycoses differ between vulture species with distinct feeding habits and scavenging lifestyles. Yeast species widely pathogenic to humans and animals, and yeast co-occurrence relationships, are distinctive hallmarks of oral mycoses in CV and GV. These vulture species are more exposed to antibiotics from intensively medicated livestock carcasses provided in supplementary feeding stations and show higher incidence of thrush-like oral lesions than EV. These findings may be useful for development of new initiatives or changes in the conservation of these avian scavengers affected by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Pitarch
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) and Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Spain; Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (HURC) Foundation for Biomedical Research, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concha Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) and Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Spain; Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (HURC) Foundation for Biomedical Research, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Microorganisms Resistant to Antimicrobials in Wild Canarian Egyptian Vultures ( Neophron percnopterus majorensis). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060970. [PMID: 32503222 PMCID: PMC7341323 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat bacterial infections in both animals and humans. If bacteria become resistant to them, in particular as the result of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, the infections that they cause are harder to treat. Therefore, the detection of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial drugs is an important issue, considering the interaction among domestic animals, human, the ecosystem and wild animals. Wild birds, and particularly birds-of-prey, are sentinels, reservoirs, spreaders and a source of infection for human beings and other animals. Wildlife can also act as an asymptomatic reservoir for zoonotic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella). The presence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms was investigated for a period of three years and the differences between chicks in the nest (n = 81) and adult and immature birds (n = 61) were analyzed. Gram negative bacteria were isolated in all the samples. Escherichia coli was obtained in 80.28% of the samples, where the prevalence of Salmonella in our study was 6.3%. The results of our study support the idea that raptors could act as reservoirs of Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, posing a risk not only to wildlife but also to livestock and the human population. Abstract Due to their predatory habits, raptors may serve as indicators of the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment, but they also represent a public health risk for livestock and humans because they can act as reservoirs, sources and spreaders of these bacteria. Our objective was to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in cloacal samples of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis), an endemic bird of prey. One hundred and forty-two cloacal swabs were obtained; Escherichia coli was isolated from 80.28% and Salmonella from 6.3% of these samples. Low levels of susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were found. About 20% of the isolates were resistant or presented intermediate susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Surprisingly, we found isolates resistant to imipenem (6.96%). Isolates from chicks were more susceptible to antimicrobial drugs than adult and immature birds. About 50% of E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and about 20% to piperacillin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. High percentages of isolates of Salmonella were found to be resistant to cephalexin (88%) and aminoglycosides (greater than 77%). Our results support the idea that raptors could act as reservoirs of Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, posing a risk not only to wildlife but also to livestock and the human population, thus reinforcing the need to minimize the exposure of wildlife to antimicrobial agent through human and livestock waste.
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Blanco G, Bautista LM. Avian Scavengers as Bioindicators of Antibiotic Resistance due to Livestock Farming Intensification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103620. [PMID: 32455739 PMCID: PMC7277293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Industrial food animal production uses huge amounts of antibiotics worldwide. Livestock, their excreta used for manure and meat subproducts not intended for human consumption can all play important roles in the transmission of bacterial resistance to wildlife. Vultures and other scavengers can be directly exposed to active antibiotics ingested while feeding on livestock carcasses. This study evaluates whether bacterial resistance in the red kite (Milvus milvus) differs between two wintering areas selected based on patent differences in farming practices—particularly in the industrial production of food animals (primarily swine and poultry) vs. scarce and declining sheep herding. The results support the hypothesis that intensification in food animal production is associated with increased bacterial multidrug resistance in wildlife. Resistance was positively correlated with time elapsed since the beginning of the commercial application of each antibiotic in human and veterinary medicine, with clear differences depending on farming intensification between areas. Monitoring programs are encouraged to use red kites and other avian scavengers as valuable sentinels of contamination by antibiotics and clinically relevant resistant pathogens from livestock operations of variable intensities. Farms authorized for supplementary feeding of threatened scavengers should avoid supplying carcasses with active antibiotic residues to avoid bacterial resistance in scavenger wildlife.
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Blanco G, Cortés-Avizanda A, Frías Ó, Arrondo E, Donázar JA. Livestock farming practices modulate vulture diet-disease interactions. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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