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Shen C, Huang S, Wang M, Wu J, Su J, Lin K, Chen X, He T, Li Y, Sha C, Liu M. Source-oriented health risk assessment and priority control factor analysis of heavy metals in urban soil of Shanghai. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135859. [PMID: 39288525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in urban soils were comprehensively investigated, focusing on 224 typical industries undergoing redevelopment in Shanghai. The PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model was used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals, while the HRA (Health Risk Assessment) model with Monte Carlo simulation assessed health risks to humans. Health risks under different pollution sources were explored, and priority control factors were identified. Results showed that, levels of most heavy metals exceeded Shanghai soil background values. Surface soil concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni exceeded the background values of Shanghai's soil to varying degrees, at 5.08, 5.40, 1.81, 1.95, 1.43, and 3.53 times, respectively. Four sources were identified: natural sources (22.23 %), mixed sources from the chemical industry and traffic (26.25 %), metal product sources (36.38 %), and pollution sources from electrical manufacturing and the integrated circuit industry (15.14 %). The HRA model indicated a tolerable carcinogenic risk for adults and children, with negligible non-carcinogenic risk. Potential risk was higher for children than for adult females, and higher for adult females than for adult males, with oral ingestion as the primary exposure pathway. Metal product sources and Ni were identified as primary control factors, suggesting intensified regional control. This study provides theoretical support for urban pollution prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shenfa Huang
- Shanghai Technology Center for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Technology Center for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Jinghua Su
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiurong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Tianhao He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenyan Sha
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Chen Y, Wang X, Li M, Liu L, Xiang C, Li H, Sun Y, Wang T, Guo X. Impact of trace elements on invasive plants: Attenuated competitiveness yet sustained dominance over native counterparts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172292. [PMID: 38588741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Trace element pollution has emerged as an increasingly severe environmental challenge owing to human activities, particularly in urban ecosystems. In farmlands, invasive species commonly outcompete native species when subjected to trace element treatments, as demonstrated in experiments with individual invader-native pairs. However, it is uncertain if these findings apply to a wider range of species in urban soils with trace elements. Thus, we designed a greenhouse experiment to simulate the current copper and zinc levels in urban soils (102.29 mg kg-1 and 148.32 mg kg-1, respectively). The experiment involved four pairs of invasive alien species and their natural co-existing native species to investigate the effects of essential trace elements in urban soil on the growth and functional traits of invasive and native species, as well as their interspecific relationship. The results showed that adding trace elements weakened the competitiveness of invasive species. Nonetheless, trace element additions did not change the outcome of competition, consistently favoring invasion successfully. Under trace element addition treatments, invasive species and native species still maintained functional differentiation trend. Furthermore, the crown area, average leaf area and leaf area per plant of invasive species were higher than those of native species by 157 %, 177 % and 178 % under copper treatment, and 194 %, 169 % and 188 % under zinc treatment, respectively. Additionally, interspecific competition enhanced the root growth of invasive species by 21 % with copper treatment and 14 % with zinc treatment. The ability of invasive species to obtain light energy and absorb water and nutrients might be the key to their successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lele Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chixuan Xiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yingkun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China.
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Wang P, Han G, Hu J, Zhang Q, Tian L, Wang L, Liu T, Ma W, Li J, Zheng H. Remarkable contamination characteristics, potential hazards and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface dust of kindergartens in a northern megacity of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133295. [PMID: 38134690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to understand the impact of heavy metals (HMs) present in the surface dust (SD) of kindergartens on children, who are highly sensitive to contaminated dust in cities in their growth stage. A study was conducted on 11 types of HMs present in the SD of 73 kindergartens in Beijing. This study aims to assess the pollution levels and sources of eleven HMs in Beijing's kindergartens surface dust (KSD), and estimate the potential health risks in different populations and sources. The results indicate that Cd has the highest contamination in the KSD, followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, Cr, and Cu. The sources of these pollutants are identified as industrial sources (23.7%), natural sources (22.1%), traffic sources (30.4%), and construction sources (23.9%). Cancer risk is higher in children (4.02E-06) than in adults (8.93E-06). Notably, Cr is the priority pollutant in the KSD, and industrial and construction activities are the main sources of pollution that need to be controlled. The pollution in the central and surrounding areas is primarily caused by historical legacy industrial sites, transportation, urban development, and climate conditions. This work provides guidance to manage the pollution caused by HMs in the KSD of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Children within urban populations are particularly sensitive to pollutants present in SD. Prolonged exposure to contaminated SD significantly heightens the likelihood of childhood illnesses. The pollution status and potential health risks of HMs within SD from urban kindergartens are comprehensively investigated. Additionally, the contributions from four primary sources are identified and quantified. Furthermore, a pollution-source-oriented assessment is adopted to clearly distinguish the diverse impacts of different sources on health risks, and the priority pollutants and sources are determined. This work holds pivotal importance for risk management, decision-making, and environmental control concerning HMs in KSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Ma
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Houyi Zheng
- General Institute of Geological Survey, China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing 100013, PR China
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Wang Z, Lu X, Yu B, Yang Y, Wang L, Lei K. Ascertaining priority control pollution sources and target pollutants in toxic metal risk management of a medium-sized industrial city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 887:164022. [PMID: 37172841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Re-suspended surface dust (RSD) often poses higher environmental risks due to its specific physical characteristics. To ascertain the priority pollution sources and pollutants for the risk control of toxic metals (TMs) in RSD of medium-sized industrial cities, this study took Baotou City, a representative medium-sized industrial city in North China, as an example to systematically study TMs pollution in RSD. The levels of Cr (242.6 mg kg-1), Pb (65.7 mg kg-1), Co (54.0 mg kg-1), Ba (1032.4 mg kg-1), Cu (31.8 mg kg-1), Zn (81.7 mg kg-1), and Mn (593.8 mg kg-1) in Baotou RSD exceeded their soil background values. Co and Cr exhibited significant enrichment in 94.0 % and 49.4 % of samples, respectively. The comprehensive pollution of TMs in Baotou RSD was very high, mainly caused by Co and Cr. The main sources of TMs in the study area were industrial emissions, construction, and traffic activities, accounting for 32.5, 25.9, and 41.6 % of the total TMs respectively. The overall ecological risk in the study area was low, but 21.5 % of samples exhibited moderate or higher risk. The carcinogenic risks of TMs in the RSD to local residents and their non-carcinogenic risks to children cannot be ignored. Industrial and construction sources were priority pollution sources for eco-health risks, with Cr and Co being the target TMs. The south, north and west of the study area were the priority control areas for TMs pollution. The probabilistic risk assessment method combining of Monte Carlo simulation and source analysis can effectively identify the priority pollution sources and pollutants. These findings provide scientific basis for TMs pollution control in Baotou and constitute a reference for environmental management and protection of residents' health in other similar medium-sized industrial cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
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Liu J, Xing Z, Liu J, Ding X, Xue X. Evaluation of the potential of recovering various valuable elements from a vanadiferous titanomagnetite tailing based on chemical and process mineralogical characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83991-84001. [PMID: 37351754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential of recovering various valuable elements from vanadiferous titanomagnetite tailing (VTMT), the chemical and process mineralogical characterization of VTMT were investigated in this study by various analytical techniques such as XRF, XRD, optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and AMICS. It was found that VTMT is a coarser powder in general; about 50% of the particle size is greater than 54.30 μm. The total iron content of the VTMT was 22.40 wt.%, and its TiO2 grade is 14.45 wt.%, even higher than those found in natural ilmenite ores. The majority of iron and titanium were located in ilmenite and hematite; 62.84% of hematite and 90.27% of ilmenite were present in monomeric form. However, there is still a portion of ilmenite and hematite embedded in gangue such as anorthite, diopside, and serpentite. For the recovery of valuable fractions such as Fe and TiO2 from VTMT, a treatment process including ball milling-high-intensity magnetic separation-one roughing and three refining flotation was proposed. Finally, a concentrate with TiO2 grade of 47.31% and total Fe (TFe) grade of 35.44% was produced; TiO2 and TFe had recovery rates of 57.71% and 28.23%, respectively. The recovered product is adequate as a raw material for the production of rutile. This study provides a reference and a new research direction for the recycling and comprehensive utilization of VTMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Liu
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Xing
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Liu
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Ding
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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Milićević T, Relić D, Urošević MA, Castanheiro A, Roganović J, Samson R, Popović A. Non-destructive techniques for the determination of magnetic particle and element contents in grapevine leaves and soil as an eco-sustainable tool for environmental pollution assessment in the agricultural areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:858. [PMID: 37335393 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of magnetic particulate matter (PM) on the leaf surface (an indicator of current pollution) and topsoil (an indicator of magnetic PMs which have geogenic natural signal or historical pollution origin) was assessed in agricultural areas (conventional and organic vineyards). The main aim of this study was to explore whether magnetic parameters such as saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) can be a proxy for magnetic particulate matter (PM) pollution and associated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural areas. Besides, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF) was investigated as a screening method for total PTE content in soil and leaf samples. Both magnetic parameters (SIRM and χ) pinpoint soil pollution, while SIRM was more suitable for evaluating magnetic PM accumulated on leaves. The values of both magnetic parameters were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated within the same type of sample (soil-soil or leaf-leaf), but not between different matrixes (soil-leaf). Differences between magnetic particles' grain sizes among vegetation seasons in vineyards were obtained by observing the SIRM/χ ratio. WD-XRF was revealed to be an appropriate screening method for soil and leaf total element contents in agricultural ambient. For a more precise application of WD-XRF leaf measurements, specific calibration using a similar matrix to plant material is required. In parallel, measurements of SIRM, χ, and element content (by WD-XRF) can be recommended as user-friendly, fast, and eco-sustainable techniques for determining magnetic PM and PTE pollution hotspots in agricultural ambient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Milićević
- Environmental Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dubravka Relić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Environmental Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jovana Roganović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Magiera T, Górka-Kostrubiec B, Szumiata T, Bućko MS. Technogenic magnetic particles in topsoil: Characteristic features for different emission sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161186. [PMID: 36581291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Variations in mineralogical composition, grain size internal structure and stoichiometry of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) deposited in topsoil may provide crucial information necessary to trace main pollution sources and recognize various technological processes. The aim of the study was to characterize, by means of magnetic parameters and Mössbauer spectra, the TMPs from non-ferrous metallurgy, cement, coke, glass production as well as long range transport (LRT) and compare the obtained data with previous results focused on iron mining and metallurgy. This research shows that only certain pollution sources (e.g. mainly iron mining, iron metallurgy, LRT and partly glass production) can be successfully distinguished by the applied parameters. The main features characteristic for TMPs produced by Fe-mining are: high values of concentration-dependent magnetic parameters, low values of coercivity, significant contribution from coarse MD (multi-domain) grains and a relatively high stoichiometry of magnetite. The most discriminative feature for TMPs generated by the glass industry is the abundance of goethite in the topsoil samples, which is confirmed by magnetic and Mössbauer techniques. The TMPs released by the Ni-Cu smelter and the Pb-Zn waste exhibit significant differences in the Mössbauer parameters, indicating different stoichiometry of magnetite for each group. Such variations are due to replacement of Fe by other elements at tetrahedral sites in the case of TMPs released from the Ni-Cu smelter. TMPs characteristic for the LRT emissions contain higher amount of finer fraction of low-stoichiometry magnetite (mostly single-domain SD particles) than those originating from other sources. The TMPs accumulated in the topsoils around the coking plants cannot be clearly discriminated by the applied methodology due to strong influence of the local pollution sources. Magnetic studies of the TMPs generated by cement production are complicated, since their properties mainly depend on individual technology (e.g. additives) used by the local cement plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Magiera
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Beata Górka-Kostrubiec
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ks. Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Szumiata
- University of Technology and Humanities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Physics, 26-600 Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, Poland
| | - Michał S Bućko
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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8
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Stojić N, Pezo L, Lončar B, Pucarević M, Filipović V, Prokić D, Ćurčić L, Štrbac S. Prediction of the Impact of Land Use and Soil Type on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Phthalates in Soil Based on Model Simulation. TOXICS 2023; 11:269. [PMID: 36977034 PMCID: PMC10057983 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r2) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Stojić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.L.); (V.F.)
| | - Mira Pucarević
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Vladimir Filipović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.L.); (V.F.)
| | - Dunja Prokić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Ljiljana Ćurčić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Snežana Štrbac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Dai L, Deng L, Wang W, Li Y, Wang L, Liang T, Liao X, Cho J, Sonne C, Shiung Lam S, Rinklebe J. Potentially toxic elements in human scalp hair around China's largest polymetallic rare earth ore mining and smelting area. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107775. [PMID: 36739854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about human health of residents living in areas where mining and smelting occur. In order to understand the exposure to the potentially toxic elements (PTEs), we here identify and examine the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in scalp hair of residents living in the mining area (Bayan Obo, n = 76), smelting area (Baotou, n = 57) and a reference area (Hohhot, n = 61). In total, 194 hair samples were collected from the volunteers (men = 87, women = 107) aged 5-77 years old in the three areas. Comparing median PTEs levels between the young and adults, Ni levels were significantly higher in adults living in the smelting area while Cr was highest in adults from the mining area, no significant difference was found for any of the elements in the reference area. From the linear regression model, no significant relationship between PTEs concentration, log10(PTEs), and age was found. The concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in hair were significantly lower in the reference area when compared to both mining and smelting areas. In addition, Cu was significantly higher in the mining area when compared to the smelting area. Factor analysis (FA) indicated that men and women from the smelting area (Baotou) and mining area (Bayan Obo), respectively, had different underlying communality of log10(PTEs), suggesting different sources of these PTEs. Multiple factor analysis quantilized the importance of gender and location when combined with PTEs levels in human hair. The results of this study indicate that people living in mining and/or smelting areas have significantly higher PTEs (Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb) hair levels compared to reference areas, which may cause adverse health effects. Remediation should therefore be implemented to improve the health of local residents in the mining and smelting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Deng
- Ecological Environment Planning and Environmental Protection Technology Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Ecological Environment Planning and Environmental Protection Technology Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Lu X, Fan P, Yu B, Wang L, Lei K, Zuo L. Multi-element features and trace metal sources of road sediment from a mega heavy industrial city in North China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137093. [PMID: 36332740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the primary carrier of harmful elements, road sediment poses severe hazards to human health and ecological environment, especially in megacities. Based on the industrial cities in North China, this research focused on the multi-element features and the pollution levels, sources, and spatial distributions of trace metals in road sediment of Shijiazhuang. The mean levels of P (928.4 mg kg-1), S (1446.2 mg kg-1), Cl (783.9 mg kg-1), Br (5.3 mg kg-1), Na2O (2.0%), CaO (9.9%), Co (36.0 mg kg-1), Pb (38.0 mg kg-1), Cu (34.7 mg g-1), Zn (149.1 mg kg-1), Ba (518.1 mg kg-1), and Sr (224.9 mg kg-1) in road sediment were greater than their soil background values. Trace metals in most samples was moderately (75%) and heavily contaminated (15.6%). The industrial areas, congested roads, and residential areas in the northeast, middle and south of Shijiazhuang are the hotspots of trace metals pollution. A comprehensive analysis of trace metals sources indicated that Ni, V, Ga, Rb, Y, Sc, La, Ce, Zr, and Hf were mainly from natural source, which contributed to 34.2% of the total trace metals concentrations. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ba, Sr, and Mn primarily originated from mixed source, which accounted for 46.5%. Co principally came from building source, which accounted for 19.3%. This study shows that industrial discharges, construction dust and traffic emissions are the primary anthropogenic sources of trace metals in road sediment in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Shao Y, Yang G, Luo M, Xu D, Tazoe H, Yamada M, Ma L. Multiple Evaluation of Typical Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soil and Road Dust from Beijing and Hebei Province, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:317-322. [PMID: 35670840 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil and road dust are important receptors of heavy metals in the environment. Meanwhile, heavy metal could transfer to the atmosphere through resuspension. Due to the serious consequences and atmospheric haze in Jing-Jin-Ji area, it's important to evaluate the pollution level, particle size distribution and sources of heavy metals. For heavy metals in soil samples, similar concentrations to the background values and no obvious pollution or low-level pollution was presented. Higher concentration of Cu (78.9 mg/kg) and Zn (261 mg/kg) were found in road dust. The source appointment results showed that Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb in soils and Cr, Co and Mn in road dust were mainly from the natural sources, while traffic source contributed to most of Cu, Zn and Pb in road dust. Different particle size distribution patterns were found in soils and road dusts, and the finest particles presented the highest heavy metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, 263-8555, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Min Luo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Diandou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Central Laboratory Marine Ecology Research Institute (MERI), 299- 5105, Iwawada, Onjuku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lingling Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Shao S, Hu B, Tao Y, You Q, Huang M, Zhou L, Chen Q, Shi Z. Comprehensive source identification and apportionment analysis of five heavy metals in soils in Wenzhou City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:579-602. [PMID: 33797674 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The source identification and apportionment of heavy metals (HMs) is a vital issue for restoring contaminated soil. In this study, qualitative approaches [a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM) and raster-based principal components analysis (RB-PCA)] and a quantitative approach [positive matrix factorization (PMF)] were composed to identify and apportion the sources of five HMs (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr) in Wenzhou City, China, using several crucial auxiliary variables. An initial ecological risk assessment suggested that the ecological risk level in the study area was generally considered low, with the greatest contamination contributions coming from Cd and Hg. The result of the FMDM showed that Cd and Pb fit a single log-normal distribution, Hg fit a double log-normal mixed distribution, and As and Cr presented a triple log-normal distribution. Each element was identified and separated from its natural or anthropogenic sources. A map of RB-PCA combined with an analysis of corresponding auxiliary variables suggested that the three main contribution sources in the entire study area were parental materials, industrial and agricultural mixed pollution, and mining exploration activities. Each element was discussed, using the PMF model, with regard to its quantitative contributions. Parental materials contributed to all elements (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr) at 89.22%, 7.31%, 35.84%, 84.81% and 27.42%, respectively. Industrial emissions and agricultural inputs mixed pollution contributed 2.94%, 80.77%, 15.93%, 4.79%, and 25.63%, respectively. Mining activities contributed 7.84%,11.92%, 48.23%, 10.40% and 46.95%, respectively, to the five HMs. Such result could be used efficiently to generate scientific decisions and strategies in terms of decision-making on regulating HM pollution in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bifeng Hu
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Tourism and Urban Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 330013, Nanchang, China
- URSOLS, INRAE, 45075, Orleans, France
| | - Yunhan Tao
- School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qihao You
- Eco-Environmental Science & Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mingxiang Huang
- Information Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Lianqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiuxiao Chen
- Department of Regional and Urban Planning, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Xu Z, Mi W, Mi N, Fan X, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Zhao YN. Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of dust fall related to industrial activities in desert steppes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12430. [PMID: 34760398 PMCID: PMC8571961 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
China’s desert steppe is the transition zone between the grasslands in central China and the arid desert. Ecological security in this region has long been a subject of debate, both in the local and academic communities. Heavy metals and other pollutants are readily released during industrial production, combustion, and transportation, aggravating the vulnerability of the desert steppes. To understand the impact of industrial activiteis on the heavy metal content of dust fall in the desert steppe, a total of 37 dust fall samples were collected over 90 days. An inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (NexION 350X) was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Co, and Zn in the dust. Using comprehensive pollution index and multivariate statistical analysis methods, we explored the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution. We also quantitatively assessed the carcinogenic risks of heavy metals resulting from dust reduction with the help of health risk assessment models. The heavy metals’ comprehensive pollution index values in the study area’s dust fall were ranked as follows: Zn > Cd > Pb > Mn > Cu > Co > Cr. Among these, Zn, Cd, and Pb were significant pollution factors in the study area, and were affected by industrial production and transportation. The high pollution index was concentrated in the north of the research industrial park and on both sides of a highway. The seven heavy metals’ total non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) values were ranked as follows: Mn > Co > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Cd (only the HI of Mn was greater than one). Excluding Mn, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk index values of the other six heavy metals were within acceptable ranges. Previous studies have also shown that industrial transportation and production have had a significant impact on the heavy metal content of dust fall in the desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenbao Mi
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Nan Mi
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xingang Fan
- West Development Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Zhang H, Zhang M, Wu Y, Tang J, Cheng S, Wei Y, Liu Y. Risk sources quantitative appointment of ecological environment and human health in farmland soils: a case study on Jiuyuan District in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4789-4803. [PMID: 34003407 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in farmland soils lead to adverse influences on ecosystem and human health. Despite that, data on quantitative risk from different sources are still scarce. In this study, 100 farmland soil samples in Jiuyuan District were collected and analyzed for selected HMs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) content characteristics and pollution statuses. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model combined with the Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) and human health risk assessment (HHRA) was used to quantitatively identify the primary risk sources. The results indicated that the mean contents or median values (mg/kg) of 10 HMs were all higher than the background values. The contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) revealed that the soil was severely polluted. Based on PMF, the main source of HM pollution was anthropogenic activities, accounting for 78.91%. Sewage irrigation represented the biggest input but was not associated with the highest risk. The results of PMF-based NIRI and PMF-based HHRA showed that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides were the largest and priority risk sources with contribution rates of 38.10% to ecological risk and 34.61 and 32.82% to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk, respectively. In addition, non-carcinogenic risk of children was higher than that of adults, while the carcinogenic risk was the opposite. The integrated approaches were beneficial for priority risk quantification from different sources and can provide direct risk information and effective policy recommendations for management and control of key risk sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yueting Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Jordanova N, Jordanova D, Tcherkezova E, Georgieva B, Ishlyamski D. Advanced mineral magnetic and geochemical investigations of road dusts for assessment of pollution in urban areas near the largest copper smelter in SE Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148402. [PMID: 34465059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the urban pollution by combined magnetometric and geochemical analyses on road dusts from three towns in the vicinity of Cu-smelter and ore mining. A collection of 117 road dust samples was investigated for their magnetic characteristics (magnetic susceptibility (χ), frequency dependent susceptibility, anhysteretic and isothermal (IRM) remanences), IRM step-wise acquisition and thermal demagnetization. Coarse grained magnetite and hematite were identified as major iron oxides in the emissions from ore spills and smelter, while traffic-related magnetic minerals were finer magnetite grains. Degree of pollution is assessed by geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor and Pollution Load Index (PLI) for a set of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Using the geochemical data, we evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks for the population. Our results show that dust emissions from the industrial facilities likely pose significant health hazard for adults and children caused largely by Arsenic pollution in "hot spots". Based on the strong correlation between χ and most of the PTEs, detailed variations in pollution degree inside the urban areas are inferred. Strong linear regression between χ and PLI allows designating limit susceptibility values, corresponding to the PLI categories. This approach can be successfully applied for monitoring and mapping purposes at high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Jordanova
- National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bochev str., block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Diana Jordanova
- National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bochev str., block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia Tcherkezova
- National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bochev str., block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bozhurka Georgieva
- National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bochev str., block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Ishlyamski
- National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bochev str., block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Magiera T, Górka-Kostrubiec B, Szumiata T, Wawer M. Technogenic magnetic particles from steel metallurgy and iron mining in topsoil: Indicative characteristic by magnetic parameters and Mössbauer spectra. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145605. [PMID: 33618301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs), produced during various industrial processes, are released into the atmosphere as dust and get deposited on the surrounding topsoil. The mineralogical and structural differences of TMPs produced in different technological processes should be reflected in their magnetic properties and therefore should be indicative for industrial pollution sources. The goal of this study was to characterize the TMPs by novel methodological approach, based on combination of magnetic methods and Mössbauer spectroscopy to indicate parameters that are discriminative enough to be used as environmental indicators for iron metallurgy, steel production, and iron mining. We collected the topsoil samples in the vicinity of 4 European iron- and steelworks, located in three different countries (Poland, Norway, and Czech Republic) and operating for minimum 40 years. We sampled also topsoil close to the opencast iron mine, iron ore dressing plant, and over strongly magnetic natural background. Analysis of the hyperfine parameters of the Mössbauer spectra revealed that TMPs are "magnetite-like" minerals with low stoichiometry. It is indicated by ratio of iron ions contributions in B sites (octahedral) and A sites (tetrahedral) in magnetite spinel structure, which is much lower than 2.0 (theoretical value for stoichiometric magnetite). The characteristic feature of TMPs collected from the vicinity of old metallurgical plants (>180 years) was the high contribution of surface components probably related to the surface oxidation/maghemitization. We found that, TMPs can be easily differentiated from geogenic magnetite based on their magnetic parameters. The TMP produced by the iron and steel metallurgy had relatively narrow ranges of magnetic parameters (saturation ratio Mrs/Ms, <0.15, coercivity ratio Bcr/Bc 2.5-6.0 and saturation to susceptibility ratio Mrs/χ 3.5-15). These magnetic parameters may be indicative for TMPs emitted by these pollution sources and helpful in the study of historical pollution sources in topsoil in urban and post-industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Magiera
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Beata Górka-Kostrubiec
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ks. Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Szumiata
- University of Technology and Humanities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Physics, 26-600 Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wawer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Chen T, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Zhou L. Correlation patterns between magnetic parameters and heavy metals of core sediments in the Yellow River Estuary and their environmental implications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111590. [PMID: 32898737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of environmental magnetism to investigate heavy metal pollution was investigated by analyzing sediment samples from a short sediment core (Z07) from the Yellow River Estuary. The heavy metal concentrations and speciation, grain sizes, and magnetic properties were determined, and correlations between the parameters were identified. Strong exponential relationships were found between the Hg concentrations and χfd%, χARM-20mT, and clay content. Linear correlations were found between the As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations and χfd%, χARM-20mT, and clay content. This indicated that Hg was mainly sorbed to the surfaces of nano-sized magnetic and clay minerals and predominantly had anthropological sources but the other heavy metals had mineralogical and other natural sources. These conclusions were supported by the heavy metal fractionation results. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment at site Z07 have decreased markedly since 2003 in response to water and sediment regulations being implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Centre for Marine Magnetism (CM(2)), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Centre for Marine Magnetism (CM(2)), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
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A Methodology Based on Magnetic Susceptibility to Characterize Copper Mine Tailings. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper intends to validate the application of magnetic techniques, particularly magnetic susceptibility, as sampling tools on a copper tailings terrace, by correlating them analytically. Magnetic susceptibility was measured in both the field and laboratory. Data obtained allowed for designing spatial magnetic susceptibility distribution maps, showing the horizontal variation of the tailings. In addition, boxplots were used to show the variation of magnetic susceptibility and the concentration of the elements analyzed at different depths of the copper tailings terrace. The degree of correlation between magnetic and chemical variables was defined with coefficient R2. The horizontal and vertical variations of magnetic susceptibility, the concentration of elements, and the significant correlations between them show a relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the chemical processes occurring in the tailing management facility, such as pyrite oxidation. Thus, the correlation functions obtained could be used as semiquantitative tools to characterize tailings or other mining residues.
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Zhao G, Zhang R, Han Y, Lü B, Meng Y, Wang S, Wang N. Identifying environmental pollution recorded in street dust using the magnetic method: a case study from central eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34966-34977. [PMID: 32583102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban street dust constitutes important intermediate products for the transmission of solid organic and inorganic pollutants in the urban environment. In this study, 133 street dust samples were collected from Xinyang to explore their magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and environmental implications using magnetic measurements. The results are as follows. (1) There were ferrimagnetic, antiferrimagnetic, and paramagnetic (e.g., lepidocrocite) minerals in the dust. Among these, the dominant magnetic carriers were ferrimagnetic minerals. Furthermore, magnetite was a first-order ferrimagnetic carrier. (2) The magnetic domains of the dust were pseudo single-domain to multi-domain. (3) The magnetic concentration (χ and SIRM) of dust were 2.6 and 4.1 times higher than those of background samples that were not polluted by urban and anthropogenic activities, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the dust consisted of high concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals and coarse magnetic particles. (4) The magnetic distribution was spatially different. The industrial area, which was the most polluted sampling area, had the highest magnetic concentration and the coarsest magnetic particles. This was attributable to industrial emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and exhaust emissions from heavy-laden trucks. Residential and commercial areas, which were the second most polluted areas, had higher concentration and coarser particles. This was primarily due to the high population density and traffic activities of mini-cars (i.e., high flux and exhaust emissions). Hence, the conclusion is that the magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and the sources of dust are dictated by anthropogenic activities. Our results indicate that the magnetic method is a highly effective tool to monitor urban environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ronglei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yan Han
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhang Meng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
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20
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Li Y, Zhang B, Liu Z, Wang S, Yao J, Borthwick AGL. Vanadium contamination and associated health risk of farmland soil near smelters throughout China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114540. [PMID: 32302894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Whereas there is broad consensus that smelting causes serious soil contamination during vanadium production, little is known about the vanadium content of soil near smelters and the associated health risk at continental scale. This study is the first to map the distribution of vanadium in farmland soil surrounding smelters throughout mainland China, and assess the associated health risk. Analysis of 76 samples indicated that the average vanadium content in such soil was 115.5 mg/kg - far higher than the 82 mg/kg background content in China (p < 0.05). Southwest China (198.0 mg/kg) and North China (158.3 mg/kg) possessed highest vanadium contents. Vanadium content was strongly related to longitude, altitude, and atmospheric temperature. The reducible fraction accounted for the largest percentages in vanadium speciation. The average Pollution Load Index for all samples was 1.51, denoting significant metal enrichment. The Children's hazard index was higher than unity, indicating elevated health risk. The relative contribution of vanadium to the total health risk ranged from 6.02% to 34.5%, while nickel and chromium were the two main contributors in most regions. This work may serve as a model providing an overview of continental vanadium contamination around smelters, and draw attention to their possible health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi'na Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Alistair G L Borthwick
- St Edmund Hall, Queen's Lane, Oxford, OX1 4AR, UK; School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
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Li Y, Gao B, Xu D, Peng W, Liu X, Qu X, Zhang M. Hydrodynamic impact on trace metals in sediments in the cascade reservoirs, North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:136914. [PMID: 32045762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cascade reservoirs facilitate the effective use of water resources and help to alleviate existing problems of water shortage in drought-prone regions. However, the geochemical behavior and controlling mechanisms of trace metals in response to the operation of cascade reservoirs are relatively unknown. Here, trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn) from thirty sediment cores from cascade reservoirs (Panjiakou and Daheiting Reservoirs) in China were evaluated. Multiple methods including geochemical baseline, geostatistical analysis, factor analysis (FA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), were combined to assess pollution status, identify and quantify potential anthropogenic sources, and determine the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on trace metals distribution. The results indicate that minor enrichment of trace metals appeared in both cascade reservoirs. However, trace metal concentrations exhibited spatial heterogeneity between two cascade reservoirs, and diverse hotspots of different metals were unexpectedly observed. This can be explained by the following three aspects: (1) Metal hotspots were detected upstream of the cascade dams via geostatistical analysis and FA, particularly for naturally sourced metals (As and Li) where dam interception resulted in higher concentrations in the upstream reservoir. (2) PMF analysis identified agricultural, industrial, and natural sources to account for 23.44%, 41.61%, and 34.95%, respectively, to the metal concentrations in the downstream reservoir. Anthropogenic emissions were the dominant factors influencing the spatial variability of Cu, Pb, and Zn between the cascade reservoirs, with higher concentrations observed in the downstream reservoir. (3) The hydrological regime also influenced the redistribution of human-derived metals, where slower flow velocities at river bends resulted in higher deposition of metal-bearing particles. This study shed light on the spatial distribution of trace metals in response to the construction and operation of cascade reservoirs, and it suggests that trace metal hotspots should be monitored to prevent potential contamination in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Dongyu Xu
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Wenqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaodong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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Zhang M, Wang X, Liu C, Lu J, Qin Y, Mo Y, Xiao P, Liu Y. Identification of the heavy metal pollution sources in the rhizosphere soil of farmland irrigated by the Yellow River using PMF analysis combined with multiple analysis methods-using Zhongwei city, Ningxia, as an example. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16203-16214. [PMID: 32112358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the frequent occurrences of heavy metal (HM) pollution in agriculture, the problem of HM pollution in farmland soil, especially in the areas irrigation by the Yellow River, has been attracted increasing attention because of the complex sources of pollution. Qualitative identification of pollution sources and quantification of their contributions to HMs in soil are the key links in the prevention and control of HM pollution. The contents of 11 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) in the rhizosphere soil of the Ningxia irrigation area were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple methods were used for source identification, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis combined with multiple other analyses (single factor index method (Pi), coefficient of variation(CV), correlation analysis(CA), enrichment factor(EF), and principal component analysis(PCA)). The results showed that (1) the over-standard rates of As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, Sn, and Zn in the study area were 100%, of which Cd was seriously polluted, while As, Zn, and Sn were moderately polluted. (2) The HM contributions from irrigation and silt soil formed by the Yellow River sediment were the highest (42.45%), followed by the smelting industry and traffic pollution (16.06%). (3) The contribution of agricultural pollution to HMs in the region was 15.54%, in which As was mainly from pesticides and Cd was mainly from fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunkan Mo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengjun Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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23
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Ou C, Zhu X, Hu L, Wu X, Yu W, Wu Y. Source apportionment of soil contamination based on multivariate receptor and robust geostatistics in a typical rural–urban area, Wuhan city, middle China. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study topsoil samples were collected from 57 sites of Dongxihu District which is a typical Chinese urban–rural combination area, to analyze the causes and effects of 6 heavy elements. (Ni, Pb, As, Cu, Cd, and Hg) Pollution of Enrichment factor, multivariate statistics, geostatistics were adopted to study the spatial pollution pattern and to identify the priority pollutants and regions of concern and sources of studied metals. Most importantly, the study area was creatively divided into central urban, semi-urbanized, and rural areas in accordance with the characteristics of urban development and land use. The results show that the pollution degree of potential ecological risk assessment is Hg>Ni>Cu>As>Cd>Pb, and semi-urban regions> city center> rural areas. Results based on the proposed integrated source identification method indicated that As was probably sourced from agricultural sources (33.99%), Pb was associated with atmospheric deposition (50.11%), Cu was related to industrial source 1 (45.97%), Cd was mainly derived from industrial source 2 (42.97%) and Hg come mainly from industrial source 3 (56.22%). The pollution in semi-urban areas in urbanization need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHong Ou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan Research institute of Environment Protection Science, Wuhan420100, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- Wuhan Research institute of Environment Protection Science, Wuhan420100, China
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - YiQian Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
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Sun X, Wang H, Guo Z, Lu P, Song F, Liu L, Liu J, Rose NL, Wang F. Positive matrix factorization on source apportionment for typical pollutants in different environmental media: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:239-255. [PMID: 31916559 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis of published papers with the key words "positive matrix factorization" and "source apportionment" in 'Web of Science', reveals that more than 1000 papers are associated with this research and that approximately 50% of these were produced in Asia. As a receptor-based model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been widely used for source apportionment of various environmental pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as inorganic cations and anions in the last decade. In this review, based on the papers mainly from 2008 to 2018 that focused on source apportionment of pollutants in different environmental media, we provide a comparison and summary of the source categories of typical environmental pollutants, with a special focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), apportioned using PMF. Based on the statistical average, coal combustion and vehicular emission, are shown to be the two most common sources of PAHs, and contribute much more to emissions than other sources, such as biomass burning, biogenic sources and waste incineration. Heavy metals were mainly from agricultural activities, industrial and vehicular emissions and mining activities. Quantitative source apportionment on pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter were also apportioned, showing a prominent contribution from fossil-fuel combustion. We conclude that, aside from natural sources, abatement strategies should be focused on changes in energy structure and industrial activities, especially in China. Source apportionment of typical POPs including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is less comprehensive and further study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Fuzhong Song
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. and Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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25
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Yu X, Wang Y, Lu S. Tracking the magnetic carriers of heavy metals in contaminated soils based on X-ray microprobe techniques and wavelet transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121114. [PMID: 31479825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) from industrial activities are major contamination sources of soils and dusts because they usually carry large amounts of heavy metals. The understanding of the association between TMPs and heavy metals in contaminated soils helps to trace the polluting sources and probing into the mechanism of magnetic phases enriched with heavy metals. In this study, we tracked the magnetic carries of heavy metals from different emission sources in steel industrial regions by using the synchrotron-based probe techniques and multiscale analytical methods. The μ-XRF mapping showed that TMPs contained various heavy metals, depending on their sources. The Fe K-edge μ-XANES revealed that the ferroalloy, pyrrhotite and TMPs in steel slag and coal ash were major magnetic phases in contaminated soils. Their relative content varied differently at the microscale. The multiscale analysis revealed that the heavy metals associated with magnetic phases exhibited pronounced scale dependence, depending on the size, type, and assemblage of different magnetic phases. Multiscale source apportionment revealed that the contamination sources varied differently at multiple scales. Heatmap analysis revealed that at 8-μm scale, Co, Cr, Cu and Mn were mainly derived from ferroalloy, while Ti, Zn and As from both ferroalloy and TMPs from coal ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shenggao Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhao R, Guan Q, Luo H, Lin J, Yang L, Wang F, Pan N, Yang Y. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation and health risk assessment quantification of heavy metals in Zhangye agricultural soil from the perspective of sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134126. [PMID: 31491630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in agricultural soil receive much attention because they are easily absorbed by crop into the ecosystem. Managing the discharge of heavy metals from the source is an effective way to prevent and control heavy metals pollution. Grouped principal component analysis (GPCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor models were utilized in this study to conduct source apportionment, and the former was optimal because of the accuracy of predicting. Based on the source contribution by GPCA/APCS, heavy metals were evaluated by fuzzy synthetic evaluation model and health risk assessment model. The results of source apportionment showed that heavy metals in Zhangye agricultural soil were mainly affected by steel industry, traffic, agrochemicals, manures, mining activities, leather industry and metal processing industry source. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation showed that the pollution levels of Chromium (Cr) derived by leather industry and metal processing industry and Nickel (Ni) derived by steel industry and traffic source were higher. Health risk assessment revealed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of Cr derived by leather industry and metal processing industry and Lead (Pb) derived by steel industry and traffic source were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Haiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinkuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ninghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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27
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Chen H, Chen Z, Chen Z, Ma Q, Zhang Q. Rare earth elements in paddy fields from eroded granite hilly land in a southern China watershed. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222330. [PMID: 31509591 PMCID: PMC6738641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are large amounts of ion-adsorption rare earth resources in the granite red soil region of southern China, and exploitation of rare earth elements (REEs) has caused serious soil erosion and soil pollution in the area. In this study, the spatial variability of soil REEs in Zhuxi watershed, Changting County, southern China, was analyzed using a geostatistics method. The analysis produced several important results: (1) The content of total rare earth elements (TREEs) in the soil samples ranged from 56.04 to 951.76 mg kg-1, with a mean value of 255.34 mg kg-1, which was higher than the background value of soil in China. The REE variables showed strong positive Ce anomalies and strong negative Eu anomalies, with mean values of 2.26 and 0.44, respectively. (2) The contents of TREEs in five subtypes of the soils were different, but they had broadly similar curves of chondrite-normalized REE patterns, with steeper patterns from La to Eu and flatter patterns from Eu to Y. (3) The spatial variability of light rare earth elements (LREEs) was mainly affected by natural factors, but the spatial variabilities of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and TREEs were influenced by the combination of natural factors and anthropogenic factors. Soil erosion can contribute significantly to REE migration, especially for HREEs. (4) The distribution of TREEs showed that the high content of TREEs was in the lowland of the western watershed. By comparing the distributions of TREEs in paddy fields and hilly land, we found that the area with a high content of TREEs was greater in paddy fields than in hilly land, so we deduced that REEs migrate from hilly land to the paddy field and accumulate in the soil there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Chen
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- School of History and Geography, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Ma
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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