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Tian H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang D, Wu P, Yin A, Gao C. Classification and regression tree (CART) for predicting cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its application to derive soil Cd threshold based on field data. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117125. [PMID: 39369661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The entry of Cd into soil-rice systems is a growing concern as it can pose potential risks to public health. To derive regional soil Cd threshold, a total of 333 paired soil and rice samples was collected in Anhui Province, Eastern China. The results showed that the total soil Cd and soil Zn/Cd were the most significant variables contributing to Cd content in polished rice. The Chinese Soil Quality Standards might overestimate risk posed by Cd-contaminated soil for rice production in the mining area due to high Zn/Cd values of some mining-associated soils. Cd levels in polished rice can be predictable using stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) model. However, the derived soil Cd threshold based on the MLR model would be unrealistically high. The classification and regression tree method (CART) performed well in simulating Cd levels in polished rice and can be used to derive soil Cd threshold instead of MLR to minimize the uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Pengbao Wu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China
| | - Aijing Yin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Hedayati Marzbali M, Hakeem IG, Ngo T, Balu R, Jena MK, Vuppaladadiyam A, Sharma A, Choudhury NR, Batstone DJ, Shah K. A critical review on emerging industrial applications of chars from thermal treatment of biosolids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122341. [PMID: 39236613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Thermochemical treatment is rapidly emerging as an alternative method for the management of stabilised sewage sludges (biosolids) to effectively reduce waste volume, degrade contaminants, and generate valuable products, particularly biochar and hydrochar. Biosolids-derived char has a relatively high concentration of heavy metals compared with agricultural chars but is still applied to land due to its beneficial properties and ability to retain metals. However, non-agricultural applications can provide additional economic and environmental benefits, promote sustainability and support a circular economy. This review identifies extensive non-agricultural opportunity for biosolids biochar, including adsorption, catalysis, energy storage systems, biological process enhancement, and as additives for rubber compounding and construction. Biosolids chars have received limited attention vs agricultural char, and we draw on both areas of literature, as well as evaluating differences between agricultural and biosolids chars. A key opportunity for biosolids biochar in comparison with other materials and agricultural chars is its sustainable and low-cost nature, relatively high metals content, improving catalyst properties, and ability to modify in various stages to tune it to specific applications. The specific opportunities for hydrochar have only received limited attention. Research needs to include better understanding of the benefits and limitations for specific applications, as well as adjacent drivers, including society, regulation, and market and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hedayati Marzbali
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Tien Ngo
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Arun Vuppaladadiyam
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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Shuster WD, Pavao-Zuckerman M, Mayer AL, Herrmann DL, Schifman LA. Defining Passive Green Infrastructure: An Ecosystem Services Perspective to Make It Count. JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE WATER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2022; 8:1-3. [PMID: 35520999 PMCID: PMC9067357 DOI: 10.1061/jswbay.0000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W D Shuster
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State Univ., 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202
| | - M Pavao-Zuckerman
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Technology, Univ. of Maryland, 1426 Animal Science/Agricultural Engineering Bldg., College Park, MD 20742; Cluster for Sustainability in the Built Environment, Univ. of Maryland, 1426 Animal Science/Agricultural Engineering Bldg., College Park, MD 20742
| | - A L Mayer
- Michigan Technological Univ. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931
| | - D L Herrmann
- Dept. of Botany and Plant Sciences, Univ. of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521
| | - L A Schifman
- Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Protection, Boston, MA 02108
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Effects of Urbanization Intensity on the Distribution of Black Carbon in Urban Surface Soil in South China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization causes the accumulation of large amounts of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and black carbon (BC). BC is the carbonaceous residue generated from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. It plays an important role on the migration of heavy metals and organic pollutants, as well as soil carbon sequestration. BC accumulation due to human activities greatly affects the global carbon budget, helps to drive climate change, and damages human health. To date, few studies have examined how the intensity of urbanization affects the distribution of BC in soils in urban areas. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of urbanization intensity on the spatial distribution and content of BC in urban surface soil. We collected samples from 55 sites in South China and used a multi-scale geographical regression model to evaluate the impact of the interference intensity of urbanization on the amount and distribution of BC. Our results showed that the BC content was significantly higher in urban areas (9.74 ± 1.18 g kg−1) than in rural areas (2.94 ± 0.89 g kg−1) and that several urban parks with a higher interference intensity were hotspots of BC accumulation, suggesting that urbanization promoted BC accumulation. Our model revealed that road density was significantly and positively correlated with BC accumulation. Because there are more cars driving in areas with high road density, vehicle emissions may be one of the causes of BC accumulation. Our results also indicated that the impact of urbanization intensity on the BC distribution was sensitive to sampling density.
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Herrmann DL, Schifman LA, Shuster WD. Urbanization drives convergence in soil profile texture and carbon content. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2020; 15:10.1088/1748-9326/abbb00. [PMID: 33628329 PMCID: PMC7898117 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abbb00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban development has driven extensive modification of the global landscape. This shift in land use and land cover alters ecological functioning, and thereby affects sustainable management agendas. Urbanization fundamentally reshapes the soils that underlay landscapes, and throughout the soil profile, extends impacts of urbanization far below the landscape surface. The impacts of urbanization on deeper soils that are beyond the reach of regular land management are largely unknown, and validation of general theories of convergent ecosystem properties are thwarted by a dearth of both level of measurement effort and the substantial heterogeneity in soils and urban landscapes. Here, we examined two soil properties with strong links to ecological functioning-carbon and mineral-fraction particle size-measured in urban soils, and compared them to their pre-urbanization conditions across a continental gradient encompassing global soil diversity. We hypothesized that urbanization drove convergence of soils properties from heterogeneous pre-urban conditions towards homogeneous urban conditions. Based on our observations, we confirm the hypothesis. Both soil carbon and particle size converged toward an intermediate value in the full data distribution, from pre-urban to urban conditions. These outcomes in urban soils were observed to uniformly be fine textured soils with overall lower carbon content. Although these properties are desirable for supporting urban infrastructure (e.g. buildings, pipes), they constrain the potential to render ecosystem services. Since soil profile texture and carbon content were convergent and observed across 11 cities, we suggest that these property profiles can be used as a universal urban soil profile to: 1) provide a clear prediction for how urbanization will shift soil properties from pre-urban conditions, 2) facilitate the adoption of commonly-accepted soil profiles for process models, and 3) offer a reference point to test against urban management strategies and how they impact soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Herrmann
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participant Program with National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States of America
- Current affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92 521, United States of America
| | - Laura A Schifman
- National Research Council Research Associate Program with National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States of America
- Current affiliation: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 1 Winter Street, Boston MA 02108, United States of America
| | - William D Shuster
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States of America
- Current affiliation: College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48 202, United States of America
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The Low-Impact Development Demand Index: A New Approach to Identifying Locations for LID. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of low impact development (LID) is to capture urban stormwater runoff; however, multiple indirect benefits (environmental and socioeconomic benefits) also exist (e.g., improvements to human health and decreased air pollution). Identifying sites with the highest demand or need for LID ensures the maximization of all benefits. This is a spatial decision-making problem that has not been widely addressed in the literature and was the focus of this research. Previous research has focused on finding feasible sites for installing LID, whilst only considering insufficient criteria which represent the benefits of LID (either neglecting the hydrological and hydraulic benefits or indirect benefits). This research considered the hydrological and hydraulic, environmental, and socioeconomic benefits of LID to identify sites with the highest demand for LID. Specifically, a geospatial framework was proposed that uses publicly available data, hydrological-hydraulic principles, and a simple additive weighting (SAW) method within a hierarchical decision-making model. Three indices were developed to determine the LID demand: (1) hydrological-hydraulic index (HHI), (2) socioeconomic index (SEI), and (3) environmental index (ENI). The HHI was developed based on a heuristic model using hydrological-hydraulic principles and validated against the results of a physical model, the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System model (HEC-HMS). The other two indices were generated using the SAW hierarchical model and then incorporated into the HHI index to generate the LID demand index (LIDDI). The framework was applied to the City of Toronto, yielding results that are validated against historical flooding records.
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