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Inobeme A, Nayak V, Mathew TJ, Okonkwo S, Ekwoba L, Ajai AI, Bernard E, Inobeme J, Mariam Agbugui M, Singh KR. Chemometric approach in environmental pollution analysis: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114653. [PMID: 35176568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing global population and industrialization, it has become a call of the hour to start taking care of the environment to balance the ecosystem. For this, effective monitoring and assessment are required, which involves collecting and measuring environmental details, temporal and spatial readings of environmental data, and parameters. However, assessment of the environment is very tedious as it includes monitoring target analytes, identifying their sources, and reporting, which invariably implies that detailed environmental monitoring would be an intricate and expensive process. The traditional protocols in environmental measures are often manual and time demanding, which makes it further difficult. Moreover, several changes also occur within the environment, which could be chemical, physical, or biological, and since these environmental impacts are often cumulative, it becomes difficult to measure an isolated system. Furthermore, the chances of skipping significant results and trends become high. Also, experimental data obtained from the environmental analysis are usually non-linear and multi-variant due to different associations among various contributing variables. Therefore, it is implied that accurate measurements and environment monitoring are not using traditional analytical protocols. Thus, the need for a chemometric approach in environmental pollution analysis becomes paramount due to the inherent limitations associated with the conventional approach of analyzing environmental datasets. Chemometrics has appeared as a potential technique, which enhances the particulars of the chemical datasets by using statistical and mathematical analysis methods to analyze chemical data beyond univariate analysis. Utilizing chemometrics to study the environmental data is a revolutionary idea as it helps identify the relationship between sources of contaminations, environmental drivers, and their impact on the environment. Hence, this review critically explores the concept of chemometrics and its application in environmental pollution analysis by briefly highlighting the idea of chemometrics, its types, applications, advantages, and limitations in the environmental domain. An attempt is also made to present future trends in applications of chemometrics in environmental pollution analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Inobeme
- Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Tsado John Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Stanley Okonkwo
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lucky Ekwoba
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther Bernard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - M Mariam Agbugui
- Department of Biological Science, Edo University Iyamho, Nigeria
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Mathematical Modelling of Biosensing Platforms Applied for Environmental Monitoring. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mathematical modelling has known an overwhelming integration in different scientific fields. In general, modelling is used to obtain new insights and achieve more quantitative and qualitative information about systems by programming language, manipulating matrices, creating algorithms and tracing functions and data. Researchers have been inspired by these techniques to explore several methods to solve many problems with high precision. In this direction, simulation and modelling have been employed for the development of sensitive and selective detection tools in different fields including environmental control. Emerging pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals are contaminating water resources, thus threatening wildlife. As a consequence, various biosensors using modelling have been reported in the literature for efficient environmental monitoring. In this review paper, the recent biosensors inspired by modelling and applied for environmental monitoring will be overviewed. Moreover, the level of success and the analytical performances of each modelling-biosensor will be discussed. Finally, current challenges in this field will be highlighted.
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Chapman J, Truong VK, Elbourne A, Gangadoo S, Cheeseman S, Rajapaksha P, Latham K, Crawford RJ, Cozzolino D. Combining Chemometrics and Sensors: Toward New Applications in Monitoring and Environmental Analysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6048-6069. [PMID: 32364371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For many years, an extensive array of chemometric methods have provided a platform upon which a quantitative description of environmental conditions can be obtained. Applying chemometric methods to environmental data allows us to identify and describe the interrelations between certain environmental drivers. They also provide an insight into the interrelationships between these drivers and afford us a greater understanding of the potential impact that these drivers can place upon the environment. However, an effective marriage of these two systems has not been performed. Therefore, it is the aim of this review to highlight the advantages of using chemometrics and sensors to identify hidden trends in environmental parameters, which allow the state of the environment to be effectively monitored. Despite the combination of chemometrics and sensors, to capture new developments and applications in the field of environmental sciences, these methods have not been extensively used. Importantly, although different parameters and monitoring procedures are required for different environments (e.g., air, water, soil), they are not distinct, separate entities. Contemporary developments in the use of chemometrics afford us the ability to predict changes in different aspects of the environment using instrumental methods. This review also provides an insight into the prevailing trends and the future of environmental sensing, highlighting that chemometrics can be used to enhance our ability to monitor the environment. This enhanced ability to monitor environmental conditions and to predict trends would be beneficial to government and research agencies in their ability to develop environmental policies and analysis procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Kay Latham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
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Othman M, Latif MT, Yee CZ, Norshariffudin LK, Azhari A, Halim NDA, Alias A, Sofwan NM, Hamid HHA, Matsumi Y. PM 2.5 and ozone in office environments and their potential impact on human health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110432. [PMID: 32169727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is important to have good indoor air quality, especially in indoor office environments, in order to enhance productivity and maintain good work performance. This study investigated the effects of indoor office activities on particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations, assessing their potential impact on human health. Measurements of indoor PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were taken every 24 h during the working days in five office environments located in a semi-urban area. As a comparison, the outdoor concentrations were derived from the nearest Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station. The results showed that the average 24 h of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were 3.24 ± 0.82 μg m-3 and 17.4 ± 3.58 μg m-3 respectively, while for O3 they were 4.75 ± 4.52 ppb and 21.5 ± 5.22 ppb respectively. During working hours, the range of PM2.5 concentrations were 1.00 μg m-3 to 6.10 μg m-3 while for O3 they were 0.10 ppb to 38.0 ppb. The indoor to outdoor ratio (I/O) for PM2.5 and O3 was <1, thus indicating a low infiltration of outdoor sources. The value of the hazard quotient (HQ) for all sampling buildings was <1 for both chronic and acute exposures, indicating that the non-carcinogenic risks are negligible. Higher total cancer risk (CR) value for outdoors (2.67E-03) was observed compared to indoors (4.95E-04) under chronic exposure while the CR value for acute exposure exceeded 1.0E-04, thus suggesting a carcinogenic PM2.5 risk for both the indoor and outdoor environments. The results of this study suggest that office activities, such as printing and photocopying, affect indoor O3 concentrations while PM2.5 concentrations are impacted by indoor-related contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murnira Othman
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong Zin Yee
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lina Khalida Norshariffudin
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azliyana Azhari
- UKMPakarunding Sdn. Bhd, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Diana Abdul Halim
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azwani Alias
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurzawani Md Sofwan
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
People spend most of their time in various indoor spaces and their health is exposed to different kinds of air pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belong to a group of chemical substances polluting the indoor environment. They come into the interior of buildings mainly from internal sources in the form of building materials, flooring, composite wood products, adhesives and other consumer products. Their presence in indoor air is monitored, due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human health. Many studies of indoor environment contaminated by VOC have been published during the last years. The present study provides general overview of the occurrence and emission sources of VOCs in the indoor environment of different types of buildings. The most frequently monitored indoor organic pollutants in terms of their occurrence and health risk are BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), terpenes (α-pinene and d-limonene) and aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde). Their concentrations in different indoor environments are variable and depend on factors such as emission characteristics of sources, microclimatic and ventilation conditions. Formaldehyde and toluene levels increased significantly with increasing room temperature. Benzene enters the indoor environment of buildings from external sources, especially from traffic or industrial areas. Formaldehyde, α-pinene and d-limonene originate from indoor sources as a part of building materials, furniture and household products.
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