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Guo E, Li T, Zhang Z, Guo S, Liu Z, Zhao J, Zhao C, Fan S, Shi Y, Guan K, Yang C, Yang X. Potential benefits of cropping pattern change in the climate-sensitive regions of rice production in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173281. [PMID: 38754496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rice production is a primary contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with unclear pathways towards carbon neutrality. Here, through a comprehensive assessment of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission using DNDC model and indirect GHG emission using emission factor methods, we estimated the annual crop yield, GHG emission amount and intensity, and economic benefits of different cropping patterns in the climate-sensitive regions of rice production in China. Through the expansion of single-rice and cropping pattern change from the wheat-rice to wheat-rice-rice in the climate-sensitive regions of single and triple-cropping cultivations, the total grain yield increased by 4.4 % and 4.5 % compared with the current national grain production, the GHG emission would increase by 2.4 % and 5.4 % of the current national GHG emissions from rice and wheat production, the net economic benefits could increase 0.9 % and decrease 2.0 % of the national output value of rice and wheat production. The study takes the entire-life cycle of crop growth as the principal line, and could provide a valuable reference for the regulation of the cropping pattern and the formulation of carbon reduction policies in the climate-sensitive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjing Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Li
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shibo Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengen Fan
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanying Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaixin Guan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Velez AF, Alvarez CI, Navarro F, Guzman D, Bohorquez MP, Selvaraj MG, Ishitani M. Assessing methane emissions from paddy fields through environmental and UAV remote sensing variables. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:574. [PMID: 38780747 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Concerns about methane (CH4) emissions from rice, a staple sustaining over 3.5 billion people globally, are heightened due to its status as the second-largest contributor to greenhouse gases, driving climate change. Accurate quantification of CH4 emissions from rice fields is crucial for understanding gas concentrations. Leveraging technological advancements, we present a groundbreaking solution that integrates machine learning and remote sensing data, challenging traditional closed chamber methods. To achieve this, our methodology involves extensive data collection using drones equipped with a Micasense Altum camera and ground sensors, effectively reducing reliance on labor-intensive and costly field sampling. In this experimental project, our research delves into the intricate relationship between environmental variables, such as soil conditions and weather patterns, and CH4 emissions. We achieved remarkable results by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and evaluating over 20 regression models, emphasizing an R2 value of 0.98 and 0.95 for the training and testing data, respectively. This outcome designates the random forest regressor as the most suitable model with superior predictive capabilities. Notably, phosphorus, GRVI median, and cumulative soil and water temperature emerged as the model's fittest variables for predicting these values. Our findings underscore an innovative, cost-effective, and efficient alternative for quantifying CH4 emissions, marking a significant advancement in the technology-driven approach to evaluating rice growth parameters and vegetation indices, providing valuable insights for advancing gas emissions studies in rice paddies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Ivan Alvarez
- Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Grupo de Investigación Ambiental en El Desarrollo Sustentable GIADES, Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fabian Navarro
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Diego Guzman
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Manabu Ishitani
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
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3
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Zou M, Deng Y, Du T, Kang S. Agricultural transformation towards delivering deep carbon cuts in China's arid inland areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108245. [PMID: 37806156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Since agriculture is a main source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reducing agricultural GHG emissions is crucial for achieving global climate goals. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of thorough and systematic assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural GHG emissions at the county level, considering many factors such as crop and livestock products, different processes and gases, and the impact of carbon fixation. Furthermore, the potential of comprehensive technical strategies to reduce GHG emissions remains uncertain. Considering the unique attributes of agricultural development in arid areas of northwest China, this study aimed to explore long-term changes in agricultural net GHG emissions by county, product group, process, and gas and quantify the future reduction potential based on the Agricultural System-induced GreenHouse Gases INVentory (ASGHG-INV) econometric model. The results showed increasing trends in carbon emissions (CE), carbon sequestration (CS), carbon footprint (CF), crop carbon footprint per unit area (CFCF), and crop carbon footprint per unit product (CPCF) in various regions from 1991 to 2019, while there was a decreasing trend in livestock carbon footprint per unit product (LPCF). Focus on reducing GHG emissions in the crop-sector should be in Shihezi, Alaer, and Liangzhou; those of the livestock-sector should be in Xinyuan, Yecheng, Liangzhou, and Gaotai. Scenario analysis indicated that agricultural transformation could substantially reduce GHG emissions in all regions. Reducing the loss of reactive nitrogen was shown to be the most effective single strategy for reducing crop emissions. A comprehensive scheme further integrating the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer management, increasing water-saving, manure application, and straw returning measures, and using biochar and inhibitors can decrease CE, CF, CFCF, and CPCF by 22.62-43.45%, 40.55-111.60%, 41.38-111.78%, and 43.33-111.32%, respectively, increase CS by 9.07-39.97%. Optimizing forage composition was the most influential strategy for reducing livestock GHG emissions. The integrated strategy of further using forage additives, breeding low-emission varieties, and optimizing fecal management can reduce CF and LPCF by 37.32-76.42% and 40.51-78.70%, respectively. This study's results can be a reference for developing more effective GHG emissions reduction and green transformation pathways for global dryland agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China; Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaoyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China; Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China; Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China; Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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4
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Wang H, Yan Z, Ju X, Song X, Zhang J, Li S, Zhu-Barker X. Quantifying nitrous oxide production rates from nitrification and denitrification under various moisture conditions in agricultural soils: Laboratory study and literature synthesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1110151. [PMID: 36713174 PMCID: PMC9877343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrification and denitrification in agricultural soils is a major source of N2O in the atmosphere, and its flux changes significantly with soil moisture condition. However, the quantitative relationship between N2O production from different pathways (i.e., nitrification vs. denitrification) and soil moisture content remains elusive, limiting our ability of predicting future agricultural N2O emissions under changing environment. This study quantified N2O production rates from nitrification and denitrification under various soil moisture conditions using laboratory incubation combined with literature synthesis. 15N labeling approach was used to differentiate the N2O production from nitrification and denitrification under eight different soil moisture contents ranging from 40 to 120% water-filled pore space (WFPS) in the laboratory study, while 80 groups of data from 17 studies across global agricultural soils were collected in the literature synthesis. Results showed that as soil moisture increased, N2O production rates of nitrification and denitrification first increased and then decreased, with the peak rates occurring between 80 and 95% WFPS. By contrast, the dominant N2O production pathway switched from nitrification to denitrification between 60 and 70% WFPS. Furthermore, the synthetic data elucidated that moisture content was the major driver controlling the relative contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O production, while NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations mainly determined the N2O production rates from each pathway. The moisture treatments with broad contents and narrow gradient were required to capture the comprehensive response of soil N2O production rate to moisture change, and the response is essential for accurately predicting N2O emission from agricultural soils under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siliang Li
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhu-Barker
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Moradi-Majd N, Fallah-Ghalhari G, Chatrenor M. Estimation of greenhouse gas emission flux from agricultural lands of Khuzestan province in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:811. [PMID: 36129556 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions and their effects on global warming are one of the serious challenges of developed and developing countries. Investigating the amount of greenhouse gas emissions of different countries makes it possible to determine the share of countries in the production of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this study is to use DAYCENT and DNDC models to estimate the emission rate of methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide greenhouse gases as well as to estimate the global warming potential in Khuzestan agricultural lands in Iran. For this purpose, the gas sampling was done in rice, wheat, and sugarcane fields using a static chamber, and then the concentration of methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide was determined by using gas chromatography. In the following, DAYCENT and DNDC models were used to estimate gas emissions and the global warming potential of these gases was estimated. Finally, TOPSIS method was used to prioritize gas emissions. In order to evaluate the modeling accuracy, the statistical indicators of maximum error, root mean square error, determination coefficient, model efficiency, and residual mass coefficient were used. According to the results, the highest measured gas flux was obtained for rice fields at Baghmalek and the lowest for sugarcane in Abadan. The results of DAYCENT model estimation showed that the highest emissions were obtained for methane gas and rice cultivation, and lowest gas emissions were obtained for sugarcane cultivation. The results of DNDC model estimation also showed that the highest flux was determined for nitrous oxide gas in rice cultivation. The results of the estimation of global warming potential also showed that it was the highest in sugarcane cultivation (Shushtar station) and the DAYCENT model, and the lowest was also in wheat cultivation and the DNDC model. The statistical results of the estimation of DAYCENT and DNDC models showed that the DAYCENT model in sugarcane cultivation (Shushtar station) was the most accurate in estimating carbon dioxide gas, and the lowest accuracy was related to the DNDC model and sugarcane cultivation (Shushtar station) in estimating nitrous oxide gas. According to the results of agricultural activities in Khuzestan province, they have made a major contribution to the production of greenhouse gases, which, or the lack of attention to this issue, will have an effect on the future climate of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Moradi-Majd
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Chatrenor
- Department of Land evaluation, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Khokhar NH, Ali I, Maitlo HA, Abbasi N, Panhwar S, Keerio HA, Ali A, Uddin S. Estimation of nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields using the DNDC model: a case study of South Korea. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1308-1324. [PMID: 36178808 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC)-Rice is a mechanistic model which is widely used for the simulation and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions [nitrous oxide (N2O)] from soils under rice cultivation. N2O emissions from paddy fields in South Korea are of high importance for their cumulative effect on climate. The objective of this study was to estimate the N2O emissions and biogeochemical factors involved in N2O emissions such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) using the DNDC model in the rice-growing regions of South Korea. N2O emission was observed at every application of fertilizer and during end-season drainage at different rice-growing regions in South Korea. Maximum NH4+ and NO3- were observed at 0-10 cm depth of soil. NH4+ increased at each fertilizer application and no change in NO3- was observed during flooding. NH4+ decreased and NO3- increased simultaneously at end-season drainage. Minimum and maximum cumulative N2O emissions were observed at Chungcheongbuk-do and Jeju-do regions of South Korea, respectively. The simulated average cumulative N2O emission in rice paddies of South Korea was 1.37 kg N2O-N ha-1 season-1. This study will help in calculating the total nitrogen emissions from agriculture land of South Korea and the World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadar Hussain Khokhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, NUST Balochistan Campus, National University of Sciences and Technology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Environment Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Hubdar Ali Maitlo
- Department of Energy and Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbasi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sallahuddin Panhwar
- Department of Civil Engineering, NUST Balochistan Campus, National University of Sciences and Technology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Hareef Ahmed Keerio
- Department of Environment Engineering, Quaid E Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67450, Pakistan E-mail: ,
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering Technology, The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology & Skill Development, Khairpur (Mir), Pakistan
| | - Salah Uddin
- Department of Civil Engineering, NUST Balochistan Campus, National University of Sciences and Technology, Quetta, Pakistan
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Della Chiesa T, Piñeiro G, Del Grosso SJ, Parton WJ, Araujo PI, Yahdjian L. Higher than expected N 2O emissions from soybean crops in the Pampas Region of Argentina: Estimates from DayCent simulations and field measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155408. [PMID: 35469874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, agriculture generally represents a large fraction of GHG emissions reported in National Inventories, and emissions are typically estimated using Tier 1 IPCC guidelines. However, field data and locally adapted simulation models can improve the accuracy of IPCC estimations. In this study we aimed to quantify anthropogenic N2O emissions from croplands of Argentina through field measurements, model simulations and IPCC guidelines. We measured N2O emissions and their controlling factors in 62 plots of the Pampas Region with corn, soybean and wheat/soybean crops and in unmanaged grasslands. We accounted for gross emissions from crops and background emissions from unmanaged grasslands to calculate net anthropogenic emissions from crops as the difference between them. We calibrated and evaluated the DayCent model and then simulated different weather and management scenarios. Finally, we applied IPCC guidelines to estimate anthropogenic N2O emissions at the same plots. The DayCent model accurately simulated annual N2O emission for all crops as compared to measured data (RMSE = 1.4 g N ha-1 day-1). Measured and simulated emissions in soybean crops were higher than in corn and wheat/soybean crops. Gross N2O emissions ranged from 1.4 to 5.1 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for current environmental (soil and weather) and management (crops and fertilizer doses) conditions. Background emissions ranged between 1.1 and 1.3 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and therefore net anthropogenic emissions ranged from 0.3 to 4.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1. IPCC Tier 1 emission factors underestimated N2O releases from soybean, that were on average 4.87 times greater when estimated with DayCent and observations (0.53 vs 2.47 and 2.69 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively). On the contrary, IPCC estimates for corn and wheat/soybean crops were similar to modeled and measured values. Our results suggest that N2O emissions from the vast 15 million ha of soybean croplands in the Pampas Region may be substantially underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Della Chiesa
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Catedra de Climatología y Fenología Agrícolas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gervasio Piñeiro
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; LART-Laboratorio de Análisis Regional y Teledetección, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Catedra de Ecología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - William J Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patricia I Araujo
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Catedra de Ecología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Del Grosso SJ, Ogle SM, Nevison C, Gurung R, Parton WJ, Wagner-Riddle C, Smith W, Winiwarter W, Grant B, Tenuta M, Marx E, Spencer S, Williams S. A gap in nitrous oxide emission reporting complicates long-term climate mitigation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200354119. [PMID: 35878021 PMCID: PMC9351463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200354119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) that also contributes to depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Agricultural soils account for about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most national GHG reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change assumes nitrogen (N) additions drive emissions during the growing season, but soil freezing and thawing during spring is also an important driver in cold climates. We show that both atmospheric inversions and newly implemented bottom-up modeling approaches exhibit large N2O pulses in the northcentral region of the United States during early spring and this increases annual N2O emissions from croplands and grasslands reported in the national GHG inventory by 6 to 16%. Considering this, emission accounting in cold climate regions is very likely underestimated in most national reporting frameworks. Current commitments related to the Paris Agreement and COP26 emphasize reductions of carbon compounds. Assuming these targets are met, the importance of accurately accounting and mitigating N2O increases once CO2 and CH4 are phased out. Hence, the N2O emission underestimate introduces additional risks into meeting long-term climate goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M. Ogle
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Cynthia Nevison
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Ram Gurung
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - William J. Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | | | - Ward Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 65-246 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Brian Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Mario Tenuta
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Ernie Marx
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Shannon Spencer
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Stephen Williams
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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9
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Cui X, Shang Z, Xia L, Xu R, Adalibieke W, Zhan X, Smith P, Zhou F. Deceleration of Cropland-N 2O Emissions in China and Future Mitigation Potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4665-4675. [PMID: 35254824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are the largest anthropogenic emission source of nitrous oxide (N2O). National agricultural policies have been implemented to increase crop yield and reduce nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. However, it is difficult to effectively quantify crop-specific and regional N2O mitigation priorities driven by policies, due to lack of long-term, high-resolution crop-specific activity data, and oversimplified models. Here, we quantify the spatiotemporal changes and key drivers of crop-specific cropland-N2O emissions from China between 1980 and 2017, and future N2O mitigation potentials, using a linear mixed-effect model and survey-based data set of agricultural management measures. Cropland-N2O emissions from China tripled from 102.5 to 315.0 Gg N yr-1 between 1980 and 2017, and decelerated since 1998 mainly driven by country-wide deceleration and decrease in N rate and the changes in sowing structure. About 63% of N2O emissions could be reduced in 2050, primarily in the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain; 83% of which is from the production of maize (33%), vegetables (27%), and fruits (23%). The deceleration of N2O emissions highlights that policy interventions and agronomy practices (i.e., optimizing N rate and sowing structure) are potential pathways for further ambitious N2O mitigation in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ziyin Shang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Rongting Xu
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhan
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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10
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Wang C, Zhao J, Gao Z, Feng Y, Laraib I, Chen F, Chu Q. Exploring wheat-based management strategies to balance agricultural production and environmental sustainability in a wheat-maize cropping system using the DNDC model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114445. [PMID: 35063762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the great challenge of food demand and environmental pollution, optimizing agricultural practices can potentially balance food security and environmental protection. In this study, the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was applied to explore the effect of wheat-based management strategies on crop productivity and greenhouse gas emissions in the wheat-maize system. The DNDC model was tested against crop yield, daily nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, and cumulative N2O emissions determined from field measurements in a typical winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Model evaluations demonstrated a good agreement between the observations and simulated crop yield (4.4%≤NRMSE≤8.0%), daily N2O fluxes (0.68 ≤ d ≤ 0.88), and cumulative N2O emissions (4.9%≤NRMSE≤11.9%). By adopting sensitivity analysis, the DNDC model then assessed the impacts on crop yield and cumulative N2O emissions of multiple management practices from the winter wheat season. Delaying the sowing date from October 7 to November 4 reduced annual yield by 1.9%, while cumulative N2O emissions were increased by 10.4%. Furthermore, postponing the supplementary irrigation date from April 1 to May 20 decreased annual yield by 2.4% without affecting cumulative N2O emissions. An N fertilizer rate of 120-150 kg N ha-1 was able to reduce N usage and cumulative N2O emissions without sacrificing annual yield. Despite an improvement in the annual yield at the 0-30 cm tillage depth by 2.9%, cumulative N2O emissions increased by 11.6%. The results suggest that sowing in early October, applying supplementary irrigation in early April, an N fertilizer rate of 120-150 kg N ha-1, and no-tillage from the winter wheat season can improve crop yield and mitigate N2O emissions. This is conducive to the synergism of agricultural production and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiongchao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Iqra Laraib
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingquan Chu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Mancia A, Chadwick DR, Waters SM, Krol DJ. Uncertainties in direct N 2O emissions from grazing ruminant excreta (EF 3PRP) in national greenhouse gas inventories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149935. [PMID: 34487900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excreta deposition onto pasture, range and paddocks (PRP) by grazing ruminant constitute a source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). These emissions must be reported in national GHG inventories, and their estimation is based on the application of an emission factor, EF3PRP (proportion of nitrogen (N) deposited to the soil through ruminant excreta, which is emitted as N2O). Depending on local data available, countries use various EF3PRPs and approaches to estimate N2O emissions from grazing ruminant excreta. Based on ten case study countries, this review aims to highlight the uncertainties around the methods used to account for these emissions in their national GHG inventories, and to discuss the efforts undertaken for considering factors of variation in the calculation of emissions. Without any local experimental data, 2006 the IPCC default (Tier 1) EF3PRPs are still widely applied although the default values were revised in 2019. Some countries have developed country-specific (Tier 2) EF3PRP based on local field studies. The accuracy of estimation can be improved through the disaggregation of EF3PRP or the application of models; two approaches including factors of variation. While a disaggregation of EF3PRP by excreta type is already well adopted, a disaggregation by other factors such as season of excreta deposition is more difficult to implement. Empirical models are a potential method of considering factors of variation in the establishment of EF3PRP. Disaggregation and modelling requires availability of sufficient experimental and activity data, hence why only few countries have currently adopted such approaches. Replication of field studies under various conditions, combined with meta-analysis of experimental data, can help in the exploration of influencing factors, as long as appropriate metadata is recorded. Overall, despite standard IPCC methodologies for calculating GHG emissions, large uncertainties and differences between individual countries' accounting remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Mancia
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK; Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Dominika J Krol
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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12
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Macharia JM, Ngetich FK, Shisanya CA. Parameterization, calibration and validation of the DNDC model for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and maize crop performance estimation in East Africa. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06977. [PMID: 34027179 PMCID: PMC8131271 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic biogeochemical models are crucial tools for simulating the complex interaction between soils, climate and plants; thus the need for improving understanding of nutrient cycling and reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the environment. This study aimed to calibrate and validate the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for soil moisture, temperature, respiration, nitrous oxide and maize crop growth simulation in drier sub-humid parts of the central highlands of Kenya. We measured soil GHG fluxes from a maize field under four different soil fertility management practices for one year using static chambers and gas chromatography. Using experimental data collected from four management practices during GHG sampling period, we parameterized the DNDC model. The results indicate that the DNDC model simulates daily and annual soil moisture, soil temperature, soil respiration (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), N2O yield-scaled emissions (YSE), N2O emission factors (EFs) and maize crop growth with a high degree of fitness. However, the DNDC simulations slightly underestimated soil temperature (2–6%), crop growth (2–45%) and N2O emissions (5–23%). The simulation overestimated soil moisture (9–17%) and CO2 emissions (3–10%). It however, perfectly simulated YSE and EFs. Compared to the observed/measured annual GHG trends, the simulation results were relatively good, with an almost perfect fitting of emission peaks during soil rewetting at the onset of rains, coinciding with soil fertilisation. These findings provide reliable information in selecting best farm management practice, which simultaneously improves agricultural productivity and reduces GHG emissions, thus permitting climate-smart agriculture. The good DNDC simulated YSE and EFs values (Tier III) provide cheaper and reliable ways of filling the huge GHG data gap, reducing uncertainties in national GHG inventories and result to efficient targeting of mitigation measures in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Macharia
- Kenyatta University, Department of Geography, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Felix K Ngetich
- University of Embu, Department of Land and Water Management, P.O. Box 6, Embu, Kenya
| | - Chris A Shisanya
- Kenyatta University, Department of Geography, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Chen P, Yang J, Jiang Z, Zhu E, Mo C. Prediction of future carbon footprint and ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration response to nitrogen fertilizer rates in rice production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139506. [PMID: 32470674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is concern for variations of the carbon footprint (CF) and ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration (ESVCS) related to nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate in rice production under future climate change. To explore possible future ecological effects of N fertilizer rate, a DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model combined with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) projections (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were used to predict the CF and ESVCS of rice production. The model was validated by a two-year field experiment, and then seven N fertilizer levels (0, 75, 150, 190, 225, 300, and 375 kg N/ha) were set for prediction from 2015 to 2050. The validation results indicated a good fit between the DNDC-simulated and observed data of GHG emission and rice yield. Under RCP 8.5, the mean CF was 4.5-8.7% higher and the average ESVCS was 3.6-7.4% lower than those under RCP 4.5. The effects of N fertilizer rate on CF and ESVCS were consistent between the two climate change scenarios. In both RCPs, it was found that CF and ESVCS were mainly influenced by N fertilizer rate due to the latter's effect on CH4 emissions and crop carbon fixation. CH4 was the main contributor to CF during 2015-2050, accounting for 43.9-58.3% of the total CF. Agricultural inputs were also large contributors to CF, and N fertilizer increased the indirect GHG emissions by 24.6-122.2% compared with no N fertilization treatment. Among the studied N fertilizer rates, 190 kg N/ha was the optimal rate, obtaining the lowest CF and highest ESVCS. These results indicate that, under future climate change, an N fertilizer rate of 190 kg N/ha could achieve a trade-off between high yield, reduction of CF, and improvement of ESVCS in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enyan Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Mo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Abdalla M, Song X, Ju X, Topp CFE, Smith P. Calibration and validation of the DNDC model to estimate nitrous oxide emissions and crop productivity for a summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system in Hebei, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114199. [PMID: 32120254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this paper was to calibrate and evaluate the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for estimating N2O emissions and crop productivity for a summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system with different N fertilizer rates in Hebei, China. The model's performance was assessed before and after calibration and model sensitivity was investigated. The calibrated and validated DNDC performed effectively in estimating cumulative N2O emissions (coefficient of determination (1:1 relationship; r2) = 0.91; relative deviation (RD) = -13 to 16%) and grain yields for both crops (r2 = 0.91; RD = -21 to 7%) from all fertilized treatments, but poorly estimated daily N2O patterns. Observed and simulated results showed that optimal N fertilizer treatment decreased cumulative N2O flux, compared to conventional N fertilizer, without a significant impact on grain yields of the summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system. The high sensitivity of the DNDC model to rainfall, soil organic carbon and temperature resulted in significant overestimation of N2O peaks during the warm wet season. The model also satisfactorily estimated daily patterns/average soil temperature (o C; 0-5 cm depth) (r2 = 0.88 to 0.89; root mean square error (RMSE) = 4 °C; normalized RMSE (nRMSE) = 25% and index of agreement (d) = 0.89-0.97) but under-predicted water filled pore space (WFPS; %; 0-20 cm depth) (r2 = 0.3 to 0.4) and soil ammonium and nitrate (exchangeable NH4+ & NO3-; kg N ha-1; r2 = 0.97). With reference to the control treatment (no N fertilizer), DNDC was weak in simulating both N2O emissions and crop productivity. To be further improved for use under pedo-climatic conditions of the summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system we suggest future studies to identify and resolve the existing problems with the DNDC, especially with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdalla
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK.
| | - X Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - C F E Topp
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK
| | - P Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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15
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Chai R, Ye X, Ma C, Wang Q, Tu R, Zhang L, Gao H. Greenhouse gas emissions from synthetic nitrogen manufacture and fertilization for main upland crops in China. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31889246 PMCID: PMC7227229 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-019-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the manufacture of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers consumed in crop production processes. And the application of synthetic N fertilizers is recognized as the most important factor contributing to direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Based on statistical data and relevant literature, the GHG emissions associated with synthetic N manufacture and fertilization for wheat and maize in different provinces and agricultural regions of China were quantitatively evaluated in the present study. RESULTS During the 2015-2017 period, the average application rates of synthetic N for wheat and maize in upland fields of China were 222 and 197 kg ha-1, respectively. The total consumption of synthetic N on wheat and maize was 12.63 Mt year-1. At the national scale, the GHG emissions associated with the manufacture of synthetic N fertilizers were estimated to be 41.44 and 59.71 Mt CO2-eq year-1 for wheat and maize in China, respectively. And the direct N2O emissions derived from synthetic N fertilization were estimated to be 35.82 and 69.44 Gg N2O year-1 for wheat and maize, respectively. In the main wheat-cultivating regions of China, area-scaled GHG emissions were higher for Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and Xinjiang provinces. And for maize, Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Shannxi and Jiangsu provinces had higher area-scaled GHG emissions. Higher yield-scaled GHG emissions for wheat and maize mainly occured in Yunnan and Gansu provinces. CONCLUSIONS The manufacture and application of synthetic N fertilizers for wheat and maize in Chinese croplands is an important source of agricultural GHG emissions. The current study could provide a scientific basis for establishing an inventory of upland GHG emissions in China and developing appropriate mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushan Chai
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Renfeng Tu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ligan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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16
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Shang Z, Zhou F, Smith P, Saikawa E, Ciais P, Chang J, Tian H, Del Grosso SJ, Ito A, Chen M, Wang Q, Bo Y, Cui X, Castaldi S, Juszczak R, Kasimir Å, Magliulo V, Medinets S, Medinets V, Rees RM, Wohlfahrt G, Sabbatini S. Weakened growth of cropland-N 2 O emissions in China associated with nationwide policy interventions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3706-3719. [PMID: 31233668 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced rapid agricultural development over recent decades, accompanied by increased fertilizer consumption in croplands; yet, the trend and drivers of the associated nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions remain uncertain. The primary sources of this uncertainty are the coarse spatial variation of activity data and the incomplete model representation of N2 O emissions in response to agricultural management. Here, we provide new data-driven estimates of cropland-N2 O emissions across China in 1990-2014, compiled using a global cropland-N2 O flux observation dataset, nationwide survey-based reconstruction of N-fertilization and irrigation, and an updated nonlinear model. In addition, we have evaluated the drivers behind changing cropland-N2 O patterns using an index decomposition analysis approach. We find that China's annual cropland-N2 O emissions increased on average by 11.2 Gg N/year2 (p < .001) from 1990 to 2003, after which emissions plateaued until 2014 (2.8 Gg N/year2 , p = .02), consistent with the output from an ensemble of process-based terrestrial biosphere models. The slowdown of the increase in cropland-N2 O emissions after 2003 was pervasive across two thirds of China's sowing areas. This change was mainly driven by the nationwide reduction in N-fertilizer applied per area, partially due to the prevalence of nationwide technological adoptions. This reduction has almost offset the N2 O emissions induced by policy-driven expansion of sowing areas, particularly in the Northeast Plain and the lower Yangtze River Basin. Our results underline the importance of high-resolution activity data and adoption of nonlinear model of N2 O emission for capturing cropland-N2 O emission changes. Improving the representation of policy interventions is also recommended for future projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Shang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen J Del Grosso
- Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minpeng Chen
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bo
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Simona Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Åsa Kasimir
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- 13I SAFOM-CNR, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, National Research Council, Ercolano, Italy
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Researches, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University (ONU), Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Researches, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University (ONU), Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Sabbatini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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