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Li D, Yue W, Gong T, Gao P, Zhang T, Luo Y, Wang C. A comprehensive SERS, SEM and EDX study of individual atmospheric PM 2.5 particles in Chengdu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163668. [PMID: 37100148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in large cities has important implications for the study of their sources and formation mechanisms, as well as in developing effective measures to control air pollution. Herein, we report a holistic physical and chemical characterization of PM2.5 by combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron-induced X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). PM2.5 particles were collected in a suburban area of Chengdu, a large city in China with a population over 21 million. A special SERS chip composed of inverted hollow Au cone (IHAC) arrays was designed and fabricated to allow direct loading of PM2.5 particles. SERS and EDX were used to reveal the chemical composition, and particle morphologies were analyzed from SEM images. SERS data of atmospheric PM2.5 indicated qualitatively the presence of carbonaceous particulate matter, sulfate, nitrate, metal oxides and bioparticles. The EDX showed the presence of the elements C, N, O, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, and Ca in the collected PM2.5. Morphology analysis showed that the particulates were mainly in the form of flocculent clusters, spherical, regular crystal shaped or irregularly shaped particles. Our chemical and physical analyses also revealed that the main sources of PM2.5 are automobile exhaust, secondary pollution caused by photochemical reactions in the air, dust, emission from nearby industrial exhaust, biological particles, other aggregated particles, and hygroscopic particles. SERS and SEM data collected during three different seasons showed that carbon-containing particles are the principal sources of PM2.5. Our study demonstrates that the SERS based technique, when combined with standard physicochemical characterization methods, is a powerful analytical tool to determine the sources of ambient PM2.5 pollution. Results obtained in this work may be valuable to the prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weisheng Yue
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Marina-Montes C, Abás E, Buil-García J, Anzano J. From multi to single-particle analysis: A seasonal spectroscopic study of airborne particulate matter in Zaragoza, Spain. Talanta 2023; 259:124550. [PMID: 37062086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
It is distinguished that deficient outdoor air quality is responsible for substantial health and climate issues. The aim of our study was to investigate the air quality in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) by characterizing atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) during two seasons (winter and spring). PM10 samples were collected in 2022 in quartz filters through a low-volume sampler and chemically analysed by complementary analytical techniques: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman Spectroscopy (RS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS). Results have revealed, together with a temperature inversion phenomenon in winter, the presence of both natural (Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Sr, Fe, etc.) and anthropogenic particles. The latter mainly formed by black carbon with an origin on fossil fuel combustion emissions. Additionally, chemical analyses of PM10 filters showed the presence of three types of microplastics suspended in the air of the city: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) and polystyrene (PS). The results obtained from this research are of special interest to take into account for future air quality policies, particularly those with the aim of reducing air pollution in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Marina-Montes
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elisa Abás
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Buil-García
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Anzano
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Huang Y, Yuan B, Wang X, Dai Y, Wang D, Gong Z, Chen J, Shen L, Fan M, Li Z. Industrial wastewater source tracing: The initiative of SERS spectral signature aided by a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119662. [PMID: 36738556 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spectral fingerprint is a significant concept in nontarget screening of environmental samples to direct identification efforts to relevant and important features. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has long been recognized as an optical method that can provide fingerprint-like chemical information at the single-molecule level. Here, the advanced one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) approach was applied to accurately identify the SERS spectral signature of industrial wastewaters for source tracing. A total of 66,000 SERS spectra were acquired from wastewaters of 22 factories across 10 industrial categories at three excitation wavelengths after data augmentation. The dataset was used to train a 1D-CNN model consisting of three convolutional layers to achieve adequate feature extraction of SERS spectra. As a proof-of-concept, multimixed wastewater samples were used to simulate practical pollution scenarios and evaluate the application potential of the model. The SERS-1D-CNN platform can identify the amount and factory information of wastewaters in multimixed samples, which achieves a recognition accuracy rate of 97.33%. The results suggest that even in a complex and unknown water environment, the 1D-CNN model can accurately identify industrial wastewaters in precollected datasets, exhibiting excellent potential in pollution source tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bingxue Yuan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yongsheng Dai
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Li Shen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhilin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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Estefany C, Sun Z, Hong Z, Du J. Raman spectroscopy for profiling physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114405. [PMID: 36508807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmosphere aerosols have significant impact on human health and the environment. Aerosol particles have a number of characteristics that influence their health and environmental effects, including their size, shape, and chemical composition. A great deal of difficulty is associated with quantifying and identifying atmospheric aerosols because these parameters are highly variable on a spatial and temporal scale. An important component of understanding aerosol fate is Raman Spectroscopy (RS), which is capable of resolving chemical compositions of individual particles. This review presented strategic techniques, especially RS methods for characterizing atmospheric aerosols. The nature and properties of atmospheric aerosols and their influence on environment and human health were briefly described. Analytical methodologies that offer insight into the chemistry and multidimensional properties of aerosols were discussed. In addition, perspectives for practical applications of atmospheric aerosols using RS are featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedeño Estefany
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zijin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Min K, Li Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Chen B, Ma M, Liu Q, Jiang G. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Strategy for In Situ Quantification of Soot in Size-Segregated Air Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15189-15197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zigu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Taishan Institute for Ecology and Environment (TIEE), Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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6
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Yoo H, Lee H, Park C, Shin D, Ro CU. Novel Single-Particle Analytical Technique for Submicron Atmospheric Aerosols: Combined Use of Dark-Field Scattering and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13028-13035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Hayeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Changmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Dongha Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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7
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Chen H, Duan F, He K, Du J, Sun Z, Wang S. Constructing a Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectral reference library for fine-particle analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 118:1-13. [PMID: 35305757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of over 400 million people in China. Owing to excellent non-destructive fingerprint recognition characteristics, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are often used to analyze the composition of fine particles to determine their physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms. However, there is no comprehensive Raman spectral library of fine particles. Furthermore, various studies that used SERS for fine-particle composition analysis showed that the uniqueness of the SERS substrates and different excitation wavelengths can produce a different spectrum for the same fine-particle component. To overcome this limitation, we conducted SERS experiments with a portable Raman spectrometer using two common SERS substrates (silver (Ag) foil and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)) and a 785 nm laser. Herein, we introduced three main particle component types (sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA), organic material, and soot) with a total of 39 chemical substances. We scanned the solid Raman, liquid Raman, and SERS spectra of these substances and constructed a fine-particle reference library containing 105 spectra. Spectral results indicated that for soot and SNA, the differences in characteristic peaks mainly originated from the solid-liquid phase transition; Ag foil had little effect on this difference, while the Au NPs caused a significant red shift in the peak positions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, with various characteristic peak positions in the three types of spectra, we could quickly and correctly distinguish substances. We hope that this spectral library will aid in the future identification of fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Suhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000 China
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8
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Lin C, Huang RJ, Duan J, Zhong H, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhang R. Large contribution from worship activities to the atmospheric soot particles in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118907. [PMID: 35091017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Worship activities like burning joss paper during the Chinese Hanyi festival is a common, traditional custom in northwest China. However, the pollutants of e.g., soot particles, released from joss paper burning and the corresponding impacts on urban air quality were poorly investigated, which can be a particular concern since these activities are conducted in an uncontrolled manner. In this study, a long time-of-flight (LToF) soot particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SP-AMS) was deployed to characterize the refractory black carbon (rBC) emitted from the joss paper burning, as well as crop residue, coal combustion, and traffic during the Hanyi Festival in mid-November 2020 in the northwestern city of Xi'an in China. Large difference (from <5% to >100%) in the fragmentation patterns (Cn+) for the measured rBC from different source emissions were found when compared to the reference Regal Black. Using the receptor model of positive matrix factorization (PMF) with the multilinear engine (ME-2) algorithm, the obtained rBC mass spectra were used as the anchoring profiles to evaluate the emission strengths of different source types to the atmospheric rBC. Our results show that the burning of joss paper accounted for up to 42% of the atmospheric rBC mass, higher than traffic (14-17%), crop residue (10-17%), coal (18-20%) during the Hanyi festival in northwest China. Moreover, we show that the overall air quality can be worsened due to the practice of uncontrolled burning of joss paper during the festival, which is not just confined to the people who do the burning. Although worship activities occur mainly during festival periods, the pollution events contributed by joss paper burning may pose an acute exposure risk for public health. This is particularly important since burning joss paper during worship activities is common in China and most Asian countries with similar traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Jing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Marina-Montes C, Pérez-Arribas LV, Anzano J, de Vallejuelo SFO, Aramendia J, Gómez-Nubla L, de Diego A, Manuel Madariaga J, Cáceres JO. Characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic region using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120452. [PMID: 34624816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive spectroscopic characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) was performed to gain better knowledge of the internal structures of atmospheric aerosols at the particle level in the Antarctic region, along with their potential sources. PM and soil samples were collected during the 2016-2017 austral summer season at the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Research Station "Gabriel de Castilla" (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands). PM was deposited in a low-volume sampler air filter. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to determine the elemental and molecular composition of the individual aerosol and soil particles. Filter spectra measured by these techniques revealed long-range atmospheric transport of organic compounds (polystyrene and bacteria), local single and cluster particles made of different kinds of black carbon (BC), exotic minerals (polyhalite, arcanite, niter, ammonium nitrate, syngenite and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer), and natural PM (sea salts, silicates, iron oxides, etc.). In addition to the filter samples, forsterite and plagioclase were discovered in the soil samples together with magnetite. This is the first report of the presence of a microplastic fiber in the Antarctic air. This fact, together with the presence of other pollutants, reflects that even pristine and remote regions are influenced by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Marina-Montes
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis V Pérez-Arribas
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Anzano
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Julene Aramendia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Leticia Gómez-Nubla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge O Cáceres
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Kaimal R, Vinoth V, Shrikrishna Salunke A, Valdés H, Viswanathan Mangalaraja R, Aljafari B, Anandan S. Highly sensitive and selective detection of glutathione using ultrasonic aided synthesis of graphene quantum dots embedded over amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105868. [PMID: 34902816 PMCID: PMC8669454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in the majority of cells and tissues; and its use as a biomarker has been known for decades. In this study, a facile electrochemical method was developed for glutathione sensing using voltammetry and amperometry analyses. In this study, a novel glassy carbon electrode composed of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) embedded on amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) was synthesized. GQDs embedded on amine-functionalized SiNPs were physical-chemically characterized by different techniques that included high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The newly developed electrode exhibits a good response to glutathione with a wide linear range (0.5-7 µM) and a low detection limit (0.5 µM) with high sensitivity(2.64 µA µM-1). The fabricated GQDs-SiNPs/GC electrode shows highly attractive electrocatalytic activity towards glutathione detection in the neutral media at low potential due to a synergistic surface effect caused by the incorporation of GQDs over SiNPs. It leads to higher surface area and conductivity, improving electron transfer and promoting redox reactions. Besides, it provides outstanding selectivity, reproducibility, long-term stability, and can be used in the presence of interferences typically found in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Victor Vinoth
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India; Laboratorio de Technologίas Limpias, Facultad de Ingernierίa, Universidad Catόlica de la Santίsima Concepciόn, Concepciόn, Chile.
| | - Amol Shrikrishna Salunke
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Héctor Valdés
- Laboratorio de Technologίas Limpias, Facultad de Ingernierίa, Universidad Catόlica de la Santίsima Concepciόn, Concepciόn, Chile
| | - Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Coronel Industrial Park, Coronel, Chile
| | - Belqasem Aljafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
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11
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Wang M, Zheng N, Zhao D, Shang J, Zhu T. Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy to Investigate Chemical Composition, Mixing States, and Heterogeneous Reactions of Individual Atmospheric Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10243-10254. [PMID: 34286964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosol particles can provide direct evidence of their heterogeneous reactions and mixing states in the atmosphere. In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the chemical composition of 1200 individual atmospheric particles in 11 samples collected in Beijing air. (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, various minerals, carbonaceous species (soot and organics), and NaNO3 were identified in the measured particles according to their characteristic Raman peaks. These species represented the main components of aerosol particles. In individual particles, NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 either existed separately or were internally mixed. Possible reaction pathways of CaCO3 particles in the atmosphere were proposed based on the results of this study and laboratory simulations on heterogeneous reactions in the literature. CaCO3 reacted with N- and S-containing (nitrogen- and sulfur-containing) acidic gases to produce Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4. Ca(NO3)2 further reacted with S-containing acidic gases and oxidants to produce CaSO4. Of the soot-containing particles, 23% were internal mixtures of soot and inorganic material. Of the organics-containing particles, 57% were internal mixtures of organic and inorganic materials. Micro-Raman spectroscopy directly identified functional groups and molecules in individual atmospheric particles under normal ambient conditions, rendering it a powerful tool for measuring the chemical composition of individual atmospheric particles with a diameter of ≥1.0 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Defeng Zhao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Liao M, Qin H, Guo W, Gao P, Xiao H. In Situ Reduction of a CuO/ZnO/CeO 2/ZrO 2 Catalyst Washcoat Supported on Al 2O 3 Foam Ceramic by Glycerol for Methanol Steam Reforming in a Microreactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hang Qin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wenming Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Pengzhao Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hanning Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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13
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He JJ, Hu QX, Jiang MN, Huang QX. Nanostructure and reactivity of soot particles from open burning of household solid waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129395. [PMID: 33385669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to quantify and characterize chemically and morphologically the emission of soot particles from the open burning of several common solid waste including paperboard, wood, peel, chemical fiber, polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The experiment was conducted in a laboratory-scale open-burning combustor with a dilution sampling system to obtain soot particles. The thermogravimetric profiles (TGA) showed an increasing order of oxidation reactivity: PE > PVC > fiber > paper ≈ peel > wood. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed more detailed information about the morphology and the particle size of soot aggregates. Subsequent quantification of nanostructure by fringe analysis showed that plastics generated soot particles with the looser carbon layers with higher tortuosity compared to the three kind of biomass. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the observed differences. In addition, wood soot exhibited the highest content of C-OH group (17.5%) among the six samples (X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS), whereas PE and PVC soot exhibited the highest absorption peaks of aliphatic C-H groups (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR). Comparative analysis revealed that the interlayer distance was more important on the evaluation of reactivity than soot morphologies. The present work concluded that the physiochemical characteristics of soot particles releasing during open burning are strongly depending on waste composition and provided new data for the understanding of soot emissions from open burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qin-Xuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ming-Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qun-Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies, China.
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14
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Xue L, Wang R, Qi S, Xu H, Wang X, Wu L, QingbiaoYang, Du J, Li Y. A novel 100% aqueous solution near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent CN- probe based on 1,4-dihydropyridines, with a large fluorescent emission peak shift. Talanta 2021; 225:122100. [PMID: 33592800 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dihydropyridines are a class of drugs with a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological effects. However, there are few reports on its optical activity, especially its application on fluorescent CN- probe. In this experiment, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe based on 1,4-dihydropyridines to detect CN-. Interestingly, the probe exhibited outstanding properties such as 100% water soluble, near infrared, ratiometric, fast response, high selectivity and anti-interference ability for other ions. The color change indicated that the probe can be used for naked eye identification. In particular, the probe showed a super large fluorescent emission peak shift (260 nm). In addition, the reaction mechanism of the probe has been studied by 1H NMR titration, high resolution mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqi Xue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., LTD, China Tobacco, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Liangqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - QingbiaoYang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, PR China.
| | - Jianshi Du
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, PR China.
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
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