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Li L, Du Z, Liang J, Mo X, Xu G, Zhu J, Li H. Homogenization characteristics and regional effects in the diversity pattern of woody plants in 101 cities in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118665. [PMID: 37579603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenced by the interplay of global climate change and urbanization, urban plants have become increasingly homogenized in China. However, regional effects of biotic homogenization cannot be clearly explained due to the lack of continuous large-scale data. Thus, we explored the characteristics and regional effects of biotic homogenization, which not only contributes to the improvement of urban biodiversity, but also has important value for human well-being. Here, we analyzed the woody plants of 101 cities in 8 major urban agglomerations in China. The diversity patterns and influencing factors were explored using generalized additive, geographically weighted regression, and structural equation models. The main results were as follows: (1) The issue of woody plant homogenization is primarily manifested in urban greening species in China. (2) The characteristics of woody plant homogenization exhibit notable regional effects at a large scale. (3) Latitude, urban area, altitude and climatic factors all impact the woody plant homogenization. Thus, we found that the homogenization characteristics of urban greening species exhibit regional variations, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Finally, we suggested that urban biodiversity management should be considered specific regional environmental, both to meet the needs of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Zhibo Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jiaan Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xunqiang Mo
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Guangyao Xu
- Department of Resource Management, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiyou Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Hongyuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Holoborodko KK, Sytnyk SA, Lovynska VM, Ivanko IA, Loza IM, Brygadyrenko VV. Impact of invasive species Parectopa robiniella (Gracillariidae) on fluorescence parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinia pseudoacacia L. is one of the most common and environmentally adaptable introduced tree species which has become an important element of artificial afforestation and landscaping in Ukraine over the past 150 years. Throughout the history of its introduction on the territory of Ukraine, this species was considered resistant because of the absence of dangerous phytophages. At the beginning of the XXI century, the phytosanitary situation changed as the result of the penetration and rapid spread of a number of North American invasive phytophages. The appearance and distribution of the miner Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on R. pseudoacacia was recognized as the largest invasion in Ukraine. This paper considers the issues of studying the effect of P. robiniella caterpillars feeding on R. pseudoacacia in various forest-growing conditions in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The process of photosynthesis, as the most important physiological parameter, was chosen as indicator of condition. The study was conducted using biosensor technology which made it possible to measure the effect of caterpillar feeding on critical parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (the Kautsky curve). The research has shown that the initial value of fluorescence induction was within the range of 196–284 RFU, and the maximum value of the background fluorescence parameter was recorded in undamaged leaves and under shading conditions. Both the effect of phytophages and the shading factor caused a significant decrease in the values of fluorescence induction of the “plateau” both in the conditions of an artificially washed sandbar, on the watershed area of a watershed-gully landscape, as well as on natural sandy-loam soil. The maximum values of photosynthetic fluorescence induction under the simultaneous influence of the studied factors had rather high variability. In contrast to the fluorescence induction parameter, the “plateau” of the highest maximum fluorescence induction was reached in the absence of pest damage under conditions of total shading. As revealed by dispersion and regression analyses, the maximum fluorescence index was most dependent on the amount of solar radiation and on the degree of the leaf surface damage by phytophages. Significantly higher values of the steady-state fluorescence induction parameter were determined in the absence of insect damage in both shading and lighting conditions. A statistically significant combined influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the “plateau” fluorescence induction parameter was determined in comparison with the mono-influence of individual factors. A highly significant dependence of the maximum efficiency indicator of primary photosynthesis processes on individual factors of exogenous influence was established, while the combined effect of these factors did not affect this parameter. The obtained data allow one to apply in practice the methods of analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence induction to establish the physiological state of tree flora in forest and garden farms.
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Sitzia T, Iacopino S, Burrascano S, Campagnaro T, Celesti‐Grapow L, Bacchetti C, Cierjacks A, Kowarik I, von der Lippe M, Trentanovi G. Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | - Simone Iacopino
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | - Sabina Burrascano
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza Università di Roma Roma Italy
| | - Thomas Campagnaro
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bacchetti
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza Università di Roma Roma Italy
| | - Arne Cierjacks
- University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Institute of Ecology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Giovanni Trentanovi
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
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Uribe SV, García N, Estades CF. Effect of Land Use History on Biodiversity of Pine Plantations. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.609627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing replacement of native vegetation by forest plantations is considered a global threat to biodiversity. Significant variation in biotic communities among stands with similar management suggests that previous land use might have an effect on the capacity of forest plantations to harbor native species. The goal of our study was to determine the effect of land-use history on the biodiversity currently present in pine plantations in the coastal range of Central Chile. In particular, we hypothesized that plantations that directly replaced native forests should have higher diversity of plants and birds than plantations that were established in agricultural areas. We also expected that plantations of higher number of rotations should have fewer habitat-specialists and more generalists/exotics, reflecting a process of biotic homogenization. Using aerial photographs and satellite images encompassing a period of six decades, we classified 108 4-ha sampling units into native forests, and mature (17–20 year) pine plantations of first, second, and third rotation, of either forest or agricultural origin. At each site, we collected data on the abundance and richness of diurnal birds and understory plants, and analyzed their behavior in relation to the land-use history using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Also, we evaluated dissimilarity of communities of each pine plantation “treatment” to assess the occurrence of biotic homogenization. As predicted, pine plantations that directly replaced native forests had a higher abundance of forest specialists and less abundance of exotics and generalists than plantations of agricultural origin. In contrast, the number of rotations of pine plantations not only did not affect negatively the diversity and abundance of forest specialist species, but the models showed some signs of naturalization in the studied systems over time, such as the increase in the abundance of native herbs and a reduction in the abundance of their exotic counterparts. These results agree with the lack of evidence for a decrease in the dissimilarity of biotic communities in plantations with time, suggesting that the management of pine plantations in Central Chile is not promoting biotic homogenization, beyond the impact of the initial stages of land use change.
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Hu S, Jiao J, Kou M, Wang N, García-Fayos P, Liu S. Quantifying the effects of Robinia pseudoacacia afforestation on plant community structure from a functional perspective: New prospects for management practices on the hilly and gullied Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144878. [PMID: 33940705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Robinia pseudoacacia is regarded as a valuable but problematic plant due to its positive and negative environmental effects. A comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the effects of R. pseudoacacia afforestation on ecosystems and striking a balance between ecosystem safety and functioning and R. pseudoacacia naturalization are crucially important. To achieve these goals, studying the community functional structure of R. pseudoacacia plantations is an essential prerequisite that remains understudied. Through quantifying and comparing the functional structure of R. pseudoacacia plantations and naturally restored communities relating to soil erosion control and plant ecology strategies along a 10-40-year chronosequence on the hilly and gullied Loess Plateau, China, we assessed the effects of R. pseudoacacia afforestation on plant community structure from a functional perspective. We found significant differences among restoration strategies in all the functional composition indices but only functional divergence (FDiv) indices, suggesting that the afforestation practice had a great impact on functional composition but not on functional diversity. Specifically, the plantations had relatively high community-weighted means (CWMs) of specific leaf area (SLA), plant height (PH), seed production, seed mass, root mean diameter, clonality and resprouting capacity and high FDivs of the leaf-height-seed scheme and persistence traits, partially suggesting that the exotic tree could naturalize and coexist with native plants in the study area. Moreover, the relatively high CWMs of woodiness, PH and SLA and high FDiv of erosion-control-related traits found in the plantations indicate that the plantations might have superiority in soil erosion control. R. pseudoacacia also had a homogenization effect on understory functional composition and divergence. Furthermore, we proposed a trait-based effect-and-response framework to find the balance, thus achieving sustainable coexistence of the exotic species with ecosystems. This study may provide new prospects for management practices of R. pseudoacacia plantations and a robust scaffold to maintain safe, resilient and functioning ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Juying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Meng Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Resources & Environment and History & Culture, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Patricio García-Fayos
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CIDE (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Valencia-UV, Generalitat Valenciana-GV), Moncada 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Leuzinger S, Rewald B. The Who or the How? Species vs. Ecosystem Function Priorities in Conservation Ecology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758413. [PMID: 34795686 PMCID: PMC8593376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Current conservation strategies are targeted at preserving species, without explicitly aiming at the maintenance of ecosystem functions. In a physically highly connected world, the unintentional relocation of terrestrial, marine, and microbial life is therefore unavoidable and has been an integral part of human evolution for thousands of years. Here, we challenge the default perception often shared among conservation ecologists that preserving native species at all costs and reducing the number of exotic species and their abundance is the only way to conservation and restoration success. While this strategy is valuable in cases where exotic species disrupt ecological function, there are examples where exotic species have similar functional traits to the threatened or extinct native species and can in fact help maintain the overall or target function of an ecosystem. In the race to cope with global environmental change, we argue that ecosystem function and ecosystem services need to be viewed not only through a taxonomic lens, but increasingly also through a functional, trait-based one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leuzinger
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Leuzinger,
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- Boris Rewald,
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Zhao Y, Li M, Wang X, Deng J, Zhang Z, Wang B. Influence of habitat on the phylogenetic structure of Robinia pseudoacacia forests in the eastern Loess Plateau, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Lantana camara and Ageratina adenophora invasion alter the understory species composition and diversity of chir pine forest in central Himalaya, India. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractDespite good recognition of distributions and spread mechanisms of the three most invasive trees in Europe (Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia), their impacts on forest biodiversity are unevenly recognized. Most studies cover only taxonomic alpha diversity, and only a single study included functional and phylogenetic diversity. Using a set of 186 study plots in western Poland we assessed the impacts of these invasive tree species on the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understory vascular plants. Alpha diversity was higher in R. pseudoacacia forests and lower in Q. rubra forests compared to mature native forests. Compared to non-invaded plantations and forests, alpha diversity was higher in P. sylvestris plantations invaded by P. serotina, but lower in invaded nutrient-poor P. sylvestris forests. Alien species richness was higher and beta diversity was lower in forests invaded by P. serotina or R. pseudoacacia than in non-invaded forests. In contrast, beta diversity was higher in Q. rubra forests than in native forests. We proved that invaded forests differed from non-invaded forests in species composition, but not always with decreased alpha and beta diversity. Impacts of particular invasive species also depended on the reference ecosystem properties (here mature native forests, which did not always have the highest biodiversity), which is a source of inconsistency in previous studies, usually referring to single native ecosystem types.
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Homogenization of Temperate Mixed Deciduous Forests in Białowieża Forest: Similar Communities Are Becoming More Similar. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies show the significant impact of direct and indirect human activity on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, including forests. The increase in the number of invasive species, changes caused by climate change, or eutrophication of habitats resulting from air pollution can irrevocably affect biodiversity, species composition, or species interactions. Many of these effects cannot be seen in commercial forests due to the significant impact of direct human use of the forest and the high degree of transformation of forest ecosystems. In this work, we ask: how have forest communities changed over the past 70 years? What was the reason for these changes? To answer the above questions, we conducted research on repeated observations in the core area of the Białowieża National Park, which is characterized by one of the highest degrees of naturalness in Europe, where ecological processes have occurred without direct human intervention since the last glaciation. Studies have shown directional changes in species composition and biotic homogenization of three forest communities. Directional changes were found to be associated with both eutrophication of habitats as well as with changes in humidity and temperature. However, the observed changes in species composition were opposite to the hypotheses based on the observed global change. In contrast, changes in the species composition of the stand and the ability to shade and buffer the temperature and humidity under the canopy caused changes in the species composition of forest communities. In the mixed deciduous forest, homogenization occurred along with the simultaneous change of species composition of forest communities. This was caused by an increase in fertility caused by increased nitrogen deposition and changes in environmental conditions prevailing under the canopy of trees, which, however, were caused by changes in the species composition of the stand.
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Impact of Invasive Tree Species on Natural Regeneration Species Composition, Diversity, and Density. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasive tree species decrease ecosystem resilience with negative impacts on natural regeneration. The influence of alien tree species on ecosystems is unevenly recognized and does not always account for different habitat specificity. We assessed the impacts of the three most frequent invasive tree species in European forests: Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus rubra L., and Robinia pseudoacacia L. on natural regeneration diversity, species composition, and density. We hypothesized that invaded forest types, in comparison with non-invaded, will differ in terms of species composition, will have lower taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of natural regeneration, and will have lower densities of native tree species. We used a set of 189 study plots (200 m2) in a systematic design, established in various forest types in Wielkopolski National Park (West Poland). We analyzed impacts of forest type, accounting for soil C:N ratio, soil pH, and light availability on natural regeneration (woody species up to 0.5 m height) species composition, diversity, and density. We found an overlap of species composition among invaded and non-invaded forests and low impacts of invasive species on taxonomic diversity and functional richness. We found no impacts on phylogenetic diversity and other functional diversity components. In contrast, we found that the natural regeneration of forest-forming tree species reached lower densities in invaded than non-invaded forest types. However, sub-canopy and shrub species reached higher densities in invaded than non-invaded forest types. We confirmed that invasive tree species affect natural regeneration by decreasing the regeneration density of native tree species (in eight of nine tree species studied), species composition homogenization, and supporting natural regeneration of sub-canopy and shrub species. Therefore, the restoration of invaded forests requires eradication of invasive tree species to decrease propagule pressure and to stop decreases in the abundance of native tree species’ natural regeneration.
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Vítková M, Sádlo J, Roleček J, Petřík P, Sitzia T, Müllerová J, Pyšek P. Robinia pseudoacacia-dominated vegetation types of Southern Europe: Species composition, history, distribution and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:134857. [PMID: 31881519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the species composition of invaded vegetation helps to evaluate an ecological impact of aliens and design an optimal management strategy. We link a new vegetation analysis of a large dataset to the invasion history, ecology and management of Robinia pseudoacacia stands across Southern Europe and provide a map illustrating Robinia distribution. Finally, we compare detected relationships with Central Europe. We show that regional differences in Robinia invasion, distribution, habitats and management are driven both by local natural conditions (climate and soil properties, low competitive ability with native trees) and socioeconomic factors (traditional land-use). Based on the classification of 467 phytosociological relevés we distinguished five broad vegetation types reflecting an oceanity-continentality gradient. The stands were heterogeneous and included 824 taxa, with only 5.8% occurring in more than 10% of samples, representing mainly hemerobic generalists of mesophilous, nutrient-rich and semi-shady habitats. The most common were dry ruderal stands invading human-made habitats. Among native communities, disturbed mesic and alluvial forests were often invaded throughout the area, while dry forests and scrub dominated in Balkan countries. Continuous, long-term and large-scale cultivation represent a crucial factor driving Robinia invasions in natural habitats. Its invasion should be mitigated by suitable management taking into account adjacent habitats and changing cultivation practices to select for native species. Robinia invasion has a comparable pattern in Central and Southern Europe, but there is a substantial difference in management and utilization causing heterogeneity of many South-European stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Vítková
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Sádlo
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roleček
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-657 20 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, IT-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Jana Müllerová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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