1
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Moklis MH, Shuo C, Boonyubol S, Cross JS. Electrochemical Valorization of Glycerol via Electrocatalytic Reduction into Biofuels: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300990. [PMID: 37752085 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of underutilized biomass-based glycerol into high-value-added products provides a green approach for biomass and waste valorization. Plus, this approach offers an alternative to biofuel manufacturing procedure, under mild operating conditions, compared to the traditional thermochemical routes. Nevertheless, glycerol has been widely valorized via electrooxidation, with lower-value products generated at the cathode, ignoring the electroreduction. Here, a review of the efficient glycerol reduction into various products via the electrocatalytic reduction (ECR) process was presented. This review has been built upon the background of glycerol underutilization and theoretical knowledge about the state-of-the-art ECR. The experimental understanding of the processing parameter influences towards electrochemical efficiency, catalytic activity, and product selectivity are comprehensively reviewed, based on the recent glycerol ECR studies. We conclude by outlining present issues and highlighting potential future research avenues for enhanced ECR application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harussani Moklis
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Cheng Shuo
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Sasipa Boonyubol
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Cross
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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2
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Qiao W, Dong G, Xu S, Li L, Shi S. Engineering propionyl-CoA pools for de novo biosynthesis of odd-chain fatty acids in microbial cell factories. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1063-1072. [PMID: 35994297 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted great interest due to their wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. Microorganisms can naturally de novo produce fatty acids (FAs), where mainly, even-chain with acetyl-CoA instead of odd-chain with propionyl-CoA is used as the primer. Usually, the absence of the precursor propionyl-CoA is considered the main reason that limits the efficient production of OcFAs. It is thus crucial to explore/evaluate/identify promising propionyl-CoA biosynthetic pathways to achieve large-scale biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses the latest advances in microbial metabolism engineering toward producing propionyl-CoA and considers future research directions and challenges toward optimized production of OcFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Genlai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
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3
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Potęga A, Göldner V, Niehaves E, Paluszkiewicz E, Karst U. Electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (EC/MS) for fast generation and identification of novel reactive metabolites of two unsymmetrical bisacridines with anticancer activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115607. [PMID: 37523868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new drug requires knowledge about its metabolic fate in a living organism, regarding the comprehensive assessment of both drug therapeutic activity and toxicity profiles. Electrochemistry (EC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is an efficient tool for predicting the phase I metabolism of redox-sensitive drugs. In particular, EC/MS represents a clear advantage for the generation of reactive drug transformation products and their direct identification compared to biological matrices. In this work, we focused on the characterization of novel electrochemical products of two representative unsymmetrical bisacridines (C-2028 and C-2045) with demonstrated high anticancer activity. The electrochemical thin-layer flow-through cell μ-PrepCell 2.0 (Antec Scientific) was used here for the effective metabolite electrosynthesis. The electrochemical simulation of C-2028 reductive and C-2045 oxidative metabolism resulted in the generation of new products that were not observed before. The formation of nitroso [M-O+H]+ and azoxy [2M-3O+H]+ species from C-2028, as well as a series of hydroxylated and/or dehydrogenated products, including possible quinones [M-2H+H]+ and [M+O-2H+H]+ from C-2045, was demonstrated. For the latter, a glutathione S-conjugate (m/z 935.3130) was also obtained in measurements supplemented with the excess of reduced glutathione. For the identification of the products of interest, structural confirmation based on MS/MS fragmentation experiments was performed. Novel products of electrochemical conversions of unsymmetrical bisacridines were discussed in the context of their possible biological effect on the human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potęga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Valentin Göldner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; International Graduate School for Battery Chemistry, Characterization, Analysis, Recycling and Application (BACCARA), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erik Niehaves
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; International Graduate School for Battery Chemistry, Characterization, Analysis, Recycling and Application (BACCARA), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Mürtz SD, Musialek F, Pfänder N, Palkovits R. Bimetallic PtCu/C Catalysts for Glycerol Assisted Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Media. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja D. Mürtz
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Florian Musialek
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Norbert Pfänder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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5
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Luo Z, Zhu Z, Xiao R, Chu D. Selective Production of 1,2-Propanediol or 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over Transition Metal Doped Pt/TiO 2. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201046. [PMID: 36546829 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol to propanediol is important for producing high value-added chemicals from renewable resources but faces a huge challenge. Here we report a transition metal doped Pt/TiO2 catalyst with incorporated Cr, Mo, or W oxides, which exhibits the selective formation of 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol with a yield from 51.2% to 82.5% toward glycerol hydrogenolysis. In situ experimental studies verify that the surrounding CrOx decreases the hydrogenating ability of Pt, leading to the formation of 1,2-propanediol, while the MoOx or WOx brings the Brønsted acid, giving 1,3-propanediol. This modification based on the catalyst compositions alters the reaction pathway with a different adsorption and bond scission mechanism, which can be extended to other sustainable catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion & Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 264005, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion & Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dawang Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, P. R. China
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6
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Technological Assessment on Steam Reforming Process of Crude Glycerol to Produce Hydrogen in an Integrated Waste Cooking-Oil-Based Biodiesel Production Scenario. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scenario of society is to produce fuel from renewable energy resources. The purpose of this research work is to develop an integrated approach for glycerol valorization and biodiesel production. Employing a range of methodologies widely used in the industry, technical analysis and assessments of the process’s applicability in real-world situations are also made. The integrated process plant is simulated using Aspen Plus®. Several different sensitivity analyses are carried out to describe the process that improves efficiency and are designed to maximize hydrogen recovery from the reforming section. The integrated process results are compared with several existing standalone biodiesel production processes. Additionally, the results are verified with the theoretical studies on glycerol valorization. The outcomes of the process plant simulation reveal coherent results with the current industrial standards for the two processes. The results show that the amount of glycerol produced (stream 7) is 60.72 kmol/h in mass flow rate, this translates to 7272.74 kg/h. The hydrogen produced is 488.76 kmol/h and, in mass flow rate, this translates to 985.3 kg/h. The total yield of hydrogen produced is around 13%. The biodiesel yield is at 92.5%. It shows a realistic recovery that would be attained if the process is implemented, contrary to theoretical studies.
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7
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Sieben JM, Alvarez AE, Sanchez MD. Glycerol electrooxidation on carbon-supported Pt-CuO and PtCu-CuO catalysts. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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8
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Souza FM, Pinheiro VS, Gentil TC, Lucchetti LE, Silva J, L.M.G. Santos M, De Oliveira I, Dourado WM, Amaral-Labat G, Okamoto S, Santos MC. Alkaline direct liquid fuel cells: Advances, challenges and perspectives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Li N, Chen M, Liang D, Li C, Liu Q, Yang Z, Wang J. Glycerol steam reforming over hydrothermal synthetic Ni-Ca/attapulgite for green hydrogen generation. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Wen Y, Liu S, Shen W, Fang Y. Study on activity and stability of Pt-Ru/WO x/Al 2O 3 catalyst in the glycerol selective hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunjin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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11
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Md Rahim SAN, Lee CS, Abnisa F, Wan Daud WMA, Aroua MK, Cognet P, Pérès Y. Activated carbon-based electrodes for two-steps catalytic/ electrocatalytic reduction of glycerol in Amberlyst-15 mediator. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133949. [PMID: 35157890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox mediators supply an effective way to promote electrons (and protons) transport between the electrode and substrate without being in direct physical contact with the electrode. Here, the carbon-based electrodes with Amberlyst-15 as the redox mediator were used in the electrocatalytic reduction to investigate their ability to indirectly convert glycerol into 1,2-propanediol. The process aims to study the influence of different activated carbon compositions (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of total weight) in the activated carbon composite (ACC) electrodes on the electrochemical properties, reaction mechanisms, and selectivity of the yielded products. Their electrochemical behavior and physicochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA), followed by FESEM-EDX for the selected ACC electrode. Electroactive surface area (EASA) plays a role in glycerol mass transport and electrons transfer. EASA of 60ACC, 70ACC, 80ACC, and 90ACC (geometrical surface area of 0.50 cm2) were 19.62, 24.50, 36.74 and 30.83 cm2, respectively. With the highest EASA, 80ACC enhanced the mass transport and electrons transfer process that eventually improved its electrocatalytic activity. It outperformed other ACC electrodes by generating Amberlyst-15 radicals (A-15•-) with high current density at low potential (-0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl). A-15•- served as the electron-donor for the homogeneous redox reaction with glycerol in delivering highly reactive glycerol radical for further intermediates development and generated 1,2-propanediol at -2.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl (current density of -0.2018 A cm-2). High activated carbon content portrayed a dominant role in controlling EASA and favored consecutive acetol-1,2-propanediol production through the C-O bond breakage. From the galvanostatic electrolysis, 1,2-propanediol selectivity was higher on 80ACC (88.6%) compared to 60ACC (61.4%), 70ACC (70.4%) and 90ACC (72.5%). Diethylene glycol formation was found to be the side reaction but preferred low activated carbon percentage in 60ACC and 70ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Abnisa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK; Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering Research Cluster (SMS2E), Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Pérès
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Md. Rahim SAN, Lee CS, Aroua MK, Wan Daud WMA, Abnisa F, Cognet P, Pérès Y. Glycerol Electrocatalytic Reduction Using an Activated Carbon Composite Electrode: Understanding the Reaction Mechanisms and an Optimization Study. Front Chem 2022; 10:845614. [PMID: 35281562 PMCID: PMC8914049 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.845614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of biomass-derived glycerol into valuable products is an alternative strategy for alleviating energy scarcity and environmental issues. The authors recently uncovered an activated carbon composite electrode with an Amberlyst-15 mediator able to generate 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol, and acetol via a glycerol electrocatalytic reduction. However, less attention to mechanistic insights makes its application to industrial processes challenging. Herein, two proposed intermediates, acetol and ethylene glycol, were employed as the feedstocks to fill the gap in the mechanistic understanding of the reactions. The results discovered the importance of acetol in producing 1,2-propanediol and concluded the glycerol electrocatalytic reduction process has a two-step reduction pathway, where glycerol was initially reduced to acetol and consecutively hydrogenated to 1,2-propanediol. At 353 K and 0.28 A/cm2, 1,2-propanediol selectivity achieved 77% (with 59.8 C mol% yield) after 7 h of acetol (3.0 mol/L) electrolysis. Finally, the influences of the temperature, glycerol initial concentration, and current density on the glycerol electrocatalytic reduction were evaluated. The initial step involved the C-O and C-C bonds cleavage in glycerol plays a crucial role in producing either acetol or ethylene glycol intermediate. This was controlled by the temperature, which low to moderate value is needed to maintain a selective acetol-1,2-propanediol route. Additionally, medium glycerol initial concentration reduced the hydrogen formation and indirectly improved 1,2-propanediol yield. A mild current density raised the conversion rate and minimized the growth of intermediates. At 353 K and 0.21 A/cm2, glycerol (3.0 mol/L) electrocatalytic reduction to 1,2-propanediol reached the maximum yield of 42.3 C mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Research Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering Research Cluster (SMS2E), Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, ; Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,
| | - Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, ; Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,
| | - Faisal Abnisa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Pérès
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Castagna RM, Alvarez AE, Sanchez MD, Sieben JM. Glycerol Electrooxidation on Phosphorus‐Doped Pt‐αNi(OH)
2
/C Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Castagna
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC) and CONICET Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca B8000CPB) Argentina
| | - Andrea E. Alvarez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC) and CONICET Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca B8000CPB) Argentina
| | - Miguel D. Sanchez
- Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR) Departamento de Física. Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca B8000CPB) Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Sieben
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC) and CONICET Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca B8000CPB) Argentina
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14
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White J, Anil A, Martín-Yerga D, Salazar-Alvarez G, Henriksson G, Cornell A. Electrodeposited PdNi on a Ni rotating disk electrode highly active for glycerol electrooxidation in alkaline conditions. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Verma AM, Laverdure L, Melander MM, Honkala K. Mechanistic Origins of the pH Dependency in Au-Catalyzed Glycerol Electro-oxidation: Insight from First-Principles Calculations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand M. Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Laverdure
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko M. Melander
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Vignesh P, Pradeep Kumar A, Shankar Ganesh N, Jayaseelan V, Sudhakar K. A review of conventional and renewable biodiesel production. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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18
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Melle G, de Souza MB, Santiago PV, Corradini PG, Mascaro LH, Fernández PS, Sitta E. Glycerol electro-oxidation at Pt in alkaline media: influence of mass transport and cations. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an emerging substitute for petroleum-based products. It is considered an ecologically safe and sustainable fuel. The high cost of biodiesel production is linearly related to its feedstock. Crude glycerol, which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, is also a major challenge that must be addressed. A large volume of crude glycerol needs to be disposed of, and this involves processing, dumping, and land requirements. This increases the cost of biodiesel production. One way to decrease the cost of biodiesel production is to utilize its by-product to make valuable products. Crude glycerol can be processed to produce a variety of chemicals and products. The present utilization of crude glycerol is not enough to bring down its surplus availability. Thermochemical conversion processes can utilize crude glycerol as a starting feedstock and convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The utilization of crude glycerol through integrated thermochemical conversion processes could lead to an integrated biorefinery. This review paper highlights the research scope for areas where crude glycerol could be utilized as a feedstock or co-feedstock in thermochemical conversion technology. Various thermochemical conversion processes, namely, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, catalytic steam reforming, liquefaction, and supercritical water reforming, are discussed and shown to be highly suitable for the use of crude glycerol as an economical feedstock. It is found that the integration of crude glycerol with other thermochemical conversion processes for energy production is a promising option to overcome the challenges related to biodiesel production costs. Hence, this paper provides all the necessary information on the present utilization status of crude glycerol in thermochemical conversion processes, as well as identifying possible research gaps that could be filled by future research studies.
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Lai ZI, Lee LQ, Li H. Electroreforming of Biomass for Value-Added Products. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1405. [PMID: 34832816 PMCID: PMC8619709 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Humanity's overreliance on fossil fuels for chemical and energy production has resulted in uncontrollable carbon emissions that have warranted widespread concern regarding global warming. To address this issue, there is a growing body of research on renewable resources such as biomass, of which cellulose is the most abundant type. In particular, the electrochemical reforming of biomass is especially promising, as it allows greater control over valorization processes and requires milder conditions. Driven by renewable electricity, electroreforming of biomass can be green and sustainable. Moreover, green hydrogen generation can be coupled to anodic biomass electroforming, which has attracted ever-increasing attention. The following review is a summary of recent developments related to electroreforming cellulose and its derivatives (glucose, hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid). The electroreforming of biomass can be achieved on the anode of an electrochemical cell through electrooxidation, as well as on the cathode through electroreduction. Recent advances in the anodic electroreforming of cellulose and cellulose-derived glucose and 5-hydrooxylmethoylfurural (5-HMF) are first summarized. Then, the key achievements in the cathodic electroreforming of cellulose and cellulose-derived 5-HMF and levulinic acid are discussed. Afterward, the emerging research focusing on coupling hydrogen evolution with anodic biomass reforming for the cogeneration of green hydrogen fuel and value-added chemicals is reviewed. The final chapter of this paper provides our perspective on the challenges and future research directions of biomass electroreforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Iun Lai
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Z.I.L.); (L.Q.L.)
| | - Li Quan Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Z.I.L.); (L.Q.L.)
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Hong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Z.I.L.); (L.Q.L.)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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21
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Enhanced In Vitro Cascade Catalysis of Glycerol into Pyruvate and Acetoin by Integration with Dihydroxy Acid Dehydratase from Paralcaligenes ureilyticus. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an in vitro enzymatic cascade was constructed to transform glycerol into the high-value platform chemical pyruvate. However, the low activity of dihydroxy acid dehydratase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsDHAD) limited the efficiency. In this study, the enzymatic reduction of pyruvate catalyzed by d-lactate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was used to assay the activities of dihydroxy acid dehydratases. Dihydroxy acid dehydratase from Paralcaligenes ureilyticus (PuDHT) was identified as the most efficient candidate for glycerate dehydration. After the optimization of the catalytic temperature for the enzymatic cascade, comprising alditol oxidase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3, PuDHT, and catalase from Aspergillus niger, 20.50 ± 0.27 mM of glycerol was consumed in 4 h to produce 18.95 ± 0.97 mM of pyruvate with a productivity 12.15-fold higher than the previous report using SsDHAD. The enzymatic cascade was further coupled with the pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobile for the production of another platform compound, acetoin. Acetoin at a concentration of 8.52 ± 0.12 mM was produced from 21.62 ± 0.19 mM of glycerol with a productivity of 1.42 ± 0.02 mM h−1.
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22
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Ostervold L, Perez Bakovic SI, Hestekin J, Greenlee LF. Electrochemical biomass upgrading: degradation of glucose to lactic acid on a copper(ii) electrode. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31208-31218. [PMID: 35496889 PMCID: PMC9041372 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06737k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass upgrading - the conversion of biomass waste into value-added products - provides a possible solution to reduce global dependency on nonrenewable resources. This study investigates the possibility of green biomass upgrading for lactic acid production by electrochemically-driven degradation of glucose. Herein we report an electrooxidized copper(ii) electrode which exhibits a turnover frequency of 5.04 s-1 for glucose conversion. Chronoamperometry experiments under varied potentials, alkalinity, and electrode preparation achieved a maximum lactic acid yield of 23.3 ± 1.2% and selectivity of 31.1 ± 1.9% (1.46 V vs. RHE, 1.0 M NaOH) for a room temperature and open-to-atmosphere reaction. Comparison between reaction conditions revealed lactic acid yield depends on alkalinity and applied potential, while pre-oxidation of the copper had a negligible effect on yield. Post-reaction cyclic voltammetry studies indicated no loss in reactivity for copper(ii) electrodes after a 30 hour reaction. Finally, a mechanism dependent on solvated Cu2+ species is proposed as evidenced by similar product distributions in electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ostervold
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA .,Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering Fayetteville AR USA
| | | | - Jamie Hestekin
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Lauren F Greenlee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA .,Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering Fayetteville AR USA
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Chilakamarry CR, Sakinah AMM, Zularisam AW, Pandey A. Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2021; 1:378-396. [PMID: 38624889 PMCID: PMC8182736 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial and economic development runs on fossil fuel and other energy sources. Limited oil reserves, environmental issues, and high transportation costs lead towards carbon unbiased renewable and sustainable fuel. Compared to other carbon-based fuels, biodiesel is attracted worldwide as a biofuel for the reduction of global dependence on fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. During biodiesel production, approximately 10% of glycerol is formed in the transesterification process in a biodiesel plant. The ditching of crude glycerol is important as it contains salt, free fatty acids, and methanol that cause contamination of soil and creates environmental challenges for researchers. However, the excessive cost of crude glycerol refining and market capacity encourage the biodiesel industries for developing a new idea for utilising and produced extra sources of income and treat biodiesel waste. This review focuses on the significance of crude glycerol in the value-added utilisation and conversion to bioethanol by a fermentation process and describes the opportunities of glycerol in various applications. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. M. Mimi Sakinah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. W. Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology , Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001 India
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24
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Arbelaez Perez OF, Gonzalez Martinez CD, Salazar Henao D, Guzmán Sanchez JA. Producción de acetinas (aditivos para combustibles) a partir de glicerol. LÁMPSAKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.21501/21454086.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
La elevada producción de glicerol, un subproducto de bajo costo proveniente de la industria del biodiésel, ha supuesto una amenaza tanto para el medio ambiente como para la economía. La transformación de glicerol en productos de valor agregado contribuiría positivamente a la economía del biodiésel. En este artículo de revisión se describen las rutas de valorización del glicerol y se presenta la esterificación como una de las más prometedoras para la transformación de glicerol en aditivos para combustibles; igualmente, se describen los resultados más relevantes entre 2010 y 2020 relacionados con las condiciones experimentales (temperatura, relación molar y tiempo de reacción), los catalizadores heterogéneos y la actividad catalítica (en términos de la conversión del glicerol y la selectividad) para la transformación de glicerol en acetinas (monoacetina, diacetina y triacetina). Se espera que esta revisión permita abordar esta técnica de valorización de manera rentable y ambientalmente sostenible.
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25
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Mendonça FG, Menezes IRS, Silva IF, Lago RM. Multifunctional glycerol/citric acid crosslinked polymer hydrophilic gel with absorptive and reducing properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional hydrogel based on glycerol/citric acid presents absorptive and reducing capacities, affording a hybrid gel containing AgNPs in the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Mendonça
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid F. Silva
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Rochel M. Lago
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
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Wang XL, Zhou JJ, Shen JT, Zheng YF, Sun YQ, Xiu ZL. Sequential fed-batch fermentation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by Clostridium butyricum DL07. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9179-9191. [PMID: 32997204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The demand for 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) has increased sharply due to its role as a monomer for the synthesis of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Although Clostridium butyricum is considered to be one of the most promising bioproducers for 1,3-PDO, its low productivity hinders its application on industrial scale because of the longer time needed for anaerobic cultivation. In this study, an excellent C. butyricum (DL07) strain was obtained with high-level titer and productivity of 1,3-PDO, i.e., 104.8 g/L and 3.38 g/(L•h) vs. 94.2 g/L and 3.04 g/(L•h) using pure or crude glycerol as substrate in fed-batch fermentation, respectively. Furthermore, a novel sequential fed-batch fermentation was investigated, in which the next bioreactor was inoculated by C. butyricum DL07 cells growing at exponential phase in the prior bioreactor. It could run steadily for at least eight cycles. The average concentration of 1,3-PDO in eight cycles was 85 g/L with the average productivity of 3.1 g/(L•h). The sequential fed-batch fermentation could achieve semi-continuous production of 1,3-PDO with higher productivity than repeated fed-batch fermentation and would greatly contribute to the industrial production of 1,3-PDO by C. butyricum. KEY POINTS: • A novel C. butyricum strain was screened to produce 104.8 g/L 1,3-PDO from glycerol. • Corn steep liquor powder was used as a cheap nitrogen source for 1,3-PDO production. • A sequential fed-batch fermentation process was established for 1,3-PDO production. • An automatic glycerol feeding strategy was applied in the production of 1,3-PDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhou
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Shen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Feng Zheng
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Long Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Conversion of glycerol to lactic acid over Au/bentonite catalysts in alkaline solution. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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