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Kluska M, Jabłońska J, Prukała W. Analytics, Properties and Applications of Biologically Active Stilbene Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114482. [PMID: 37298957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbene and its derivatives belong to the group of biologically active compounds. Some derivatives occur naturally in various plant species, while others are obtained by synthesis. Resveratrol is one of the best-known stilbene derivatives. Many stilbene derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal or anticancer properties. A thorough understanding of the properties of this group of biologically active compounds, and the development of their analytics from various matrices, will allow for a wider range of applications. This information is particularly important in the era of increasing incidence of various diseases hitherto unknown, including COVID-19, which is still present in our population. The purpose of this study was to summarize information on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of stilbene derivatives, their biological activity, potential applications as preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants, and stability analysis in various matrices. Optimal conditions for the analysis of the stilbene derivatives in question were developed using the isotachophoresis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kluska
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Wiesław Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100298. [PMID: 36685733 PMCID: PMC9845958 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- Arson and Explosives Section I, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- Forensic Services, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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3
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Novik GP. Analysis of samples of high explosives extracted from explosive remnants of war. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156864. [PMID: 35752239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Millions of tonnes of dumped ammunition and explosive remnants of war remain in nature both on land and at sea. It is well known that the ordnance could represent a definite explosive risk if disturbed, and that some of the constituents in the ammunition could be harmful to humans and the environment. Nevertheless, a tacit assumption by decision makers is that, if left alone, the ammunition will slowly become harmless over time. Explosive remnants of war, however, represent not only an environmental risk but also a security and safety risk, as members of the public could come into contact with them, and fear is growing that ageing munitions could explode and/or be misused. In recent years, several concerns have been raised regarding the presence of dumped ammunition and explosive remnants of war, the potential dangers they represent, and the fact that the deterioration rate of the explosives could be significantly lower than previously assumed. In the present work, thermal and impact sensitivity studies of high explosives extracted from explosive remnants of war were performed, to determine whether or not the explosives have deteriorated to such a degree that a noteworthy decrease in performance and/or impact sensitivity can be recorded. The thermal behaviour of the explosives was studied using thermogravimetry analysis, and the impact sensitivity was determined using a fallhammer machine and the Bruceton test procedure. The thermal and impact sensitivity results obtained in the analysis indicated no deterioration of high explosives in the examined explosive remnants of war that would denote any significant reduction in performance and/or impact sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir P Novik
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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4
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Bai H, Wen G, Liang A, Jiang Z. Ti 3C 2@Pd nanocatalytic amplification-polypeptide SERS/RRS/Abs trimode biosensoring platformfor ultratrace trinitrotoluene. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114743. [PMID: 36166889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new MXene supported Pd nanoparticles (Ti3C2@Pd) nanosol with good stability and strong catalysis was prepared by the two-step procedure. Experiment was found that Ti3C2@Pd could strongly catalyze the reduction of HAuCl4 by H2O2 to produce gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with strong surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and surface plasmon resonance absorption (Abs). Coupled this new SERS/RRS/Abs trimode nanocatalytic indicator reaction with specific TNT polypeptide (PTTNT), a facile and selective trimode polypeptide biosensoring platform was established for the detection of ultratrace TNT, with a linear range of 1.1-66, 1.1-66 and 4.4-66 pmol/L TNT, and detection limit (DL) of 0.69, 0.97 and 3.36 pmol/L by SERS, RRS and Abs assay respectively. It has been used to detect TNT in wastewater and soil samples, with recovery of 98.7-106% and RSD of 6.22-8.77%. In addition, this biosensoring platform can be also used to assay glyphosate and estradiol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Aihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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5
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Dettlaff A, Rycewicz M, Ficek M, Wieloszyńska A, Szala M, Ryl J, Bogdanowicz R. Conductive printable electrodes tuned by boron-doped nanodiamond foil additives for nitroexplosive detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:270. [PMID: 35789434 PMCID: PMC9255478 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient additive manufacturing-based composite material fabrication for electrochemical applications is reported. The composite is composed of commercially available graphene-doped polylactide acid (G-PLA) 3D printouts and surface-functionalized with nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond foil (NDF) additives. The NDFs were synthesized on a tantalum substrate and transferred to the 3D-printout surface at 200 °C. No other electrode activation treatment was necessary. Different configurations of low- and heavy-boron doping NDFs were evaluated. The electrode kinetics was analyzed using electrochemical procedures: cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The quasi-reversible electrochemical process was reported in each studied case. The studies allowed confirmation of the CV peak-to-peak separation of 63 mV and remarkably high heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant reaching 6.1 × 10−2 cm s−1 for 10 k ppm [B]/[C] thin NDF fitted topside at the G-PLA electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry was used for effective 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection at the studied electrodes with a 87 ppb limit of detection, and wide linearity range between peak current density and the analyte concentration (0.064 to 64 ppm of TNT). The reported electrode kinetic differences originate primarily from the boron-dopant concentration in the diamond and the various contents of the non-diamond carbon phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dettlaff
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Rycewicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wieloszyńska
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szala
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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6
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Mary Celin S, Sharma B, Bhanot P, Kalsi A, Sahai S, Tanwar RK. Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC-MS/MS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21778. [PMID: 35657034 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by explosives occurs due to improper handling and disposal procedures. Explosives and their transformation products pose threat to human health and the ecosystem. Trace level detection of explosives present in different environmental matrices is a challenge, due to the interference caused by matrix components and the presence of cocontaminants. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an advanced analytical tool, which is ideal for quantitative and qualitative detection of explosives and its metabolites at trace levels. This review aims to showcase the current trends in the application of LC-MS/MS for detecting explosives present in soil, sediment, and groundwater with detection limits ranging from nano to femtogram levels. Specificity and advantages of using LC-MS/MS over conventional analytical methods and various processing methods and techniques used for sample preparation are discussed in this article. Important application aspects of LC-MS/MS on environmental monitoring include site characterization and degradation evaluation. Studies on qualitative and quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis in determining the efficiency of treatment processes and contamination mapping, optimized conditions of LC and MS/MS adopted, role of different ionization techniques and mass analyzers in detection of explosives and its metabolites, relative abundance of various product ions formed on dissociation and the levels of detection achieved are reviewed. Ionization suppression, matrix effect, additive selection are some of the major factors which influence MS/MS detection. A summary of challenges and future research insights for effective utilization of this technique in the environmental monitoring of explosives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Mary Celin
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Bhumika Sharma
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Pallvi Bhanot
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Anchita Kalsi
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sahai
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Tanwar
- Modelling Simulation and Explosive Safety research Group (MS&ESRG), Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, India
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7
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Zhang H, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhao S, Nie Y, Liao X, Cao H, Yin H, Liu X. Determination of Energetic Compounds in Ammunition Contaminated Soil by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Gas Chromatography – Microelectron Capture Detection (GC-µECD). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2059495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Sanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments' Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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8
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Nie Y, Liao X, Cao H, Yin H, Liu X. Contamination characteristics of energetic compounds in soils of two different types of military demolition range in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118654. [PMID: 34890741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of energetic compounds (ECs) in military ranges has become the focus of worldwide attention. However, few studies on the contamination of ECs at Chinese military ranges have been reported to date. In this study, two different types of military demolition range in China, Dunhua (DH) and Taiyuan (TY), were investigated and the ECs in their soils were determined. 10 ECs were detected at both ranges. While all the contamination characteristics were distinct, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was the most abundant contamination source in soils at DH range, with an average concentration of 1106 mg kg-1 and a maximum concentration of 34,083 mg kg-1. Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and two mono-amino degradation products of TNT were also found to have high concentrations, with potential ecological and human health risks. In contrast, the concentrations of ECs in soils of TY range were much lower. The content of RDX was most significant, with average and maximum concentrations of 7.8 and 158 mg kg-1, respectively. However, the potential threat to human health of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in soils at both ranges should not be ignored. The differences in pollution characteristics of the ECs at DH and TY are closely related to the types and amounts of the munitions destroyed. Moreover, the spatial distribution of ECs at the demolition ranges was extremely heterogeneous, which may be attributed to the use of open burning / open detonation and the non-homogeneous composition of the munitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yongbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Sanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments' Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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9
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Rosen G, Lotufo GR, Belden JB, George RD. Environmental Characterization of Underwater Munitions Constituents at a Former Military Training Range. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:275-286. [PMID: 33978266 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a result of military activities, unexploded ordnance and discarded military munitions are present in underwater environments, which has resulted in the release of munitions constituents including the high explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), along with their primary degradation products, to the water column and adjacent sediments. The present study focused on the characterization of underwater exposure and concentrations of energetics such as TNT and RDX at the former Vieques Naval Training Range at Bahia Salina del Sur (Vieques, Puerto Rico, USA), a bay with documented high incidence of munitions. In situ passive sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) was used for the detection and quantification of constituents in water at target locations approximately 15 to 30 cm from 15 individual potentially leaking munitions, and also at 15 unbiased locations approximately evenly spaced across the Bay. For comparison with POCIS-derived concentrations, grab samples were taken at the POCIS target locations. The POCIS-derived and averaged grab samples agreed within a factor of 3. When detected, munitions constituent concentrations (primarily TNT and RDX) were observed at ultratrace concentrations (as low as 4 ng/L for RDX), except 30 cm from one General Purpose bomb where the TNT concentration was 5.3 µg/L, indicating that low-level contamination exists at Bahia Salina del Sur on a very localized scale despite the relatively high density of munitions, similar to previously reported results for other munitions sites around the world. Sediment and porewater sampled at 4 stations where munitions constituents were detected in the water column had concentrations below detection (approximately 5 µg/kg and 5 ng/L, respectively), suggesting that the sediment was not a sink for these constituents at those locations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:275-286. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Rosen
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Guilherme R Lotufo
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robert D George
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California, USA
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10
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Alassane Moussa AK, Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Apak R. A novel electrochemical sensor for nitroguanidine determination using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinylpyrrolidone. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The GC/PVP/MWCNTs electrode is the first electrode for the electrochemical determination of insensitive explosive nitroguanidine using intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şener Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay St. No: 112, Çankaya, 06690 Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Pažusienė J, Valskienė R, Grygiel W, Stankevičiūtė M, Butrimavičienė L, Baršienė J. Cytogenetic damage in native Baltic Sea fish species: environmental risks associated with chemical munition dumping in the Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62200-62215. [PMID: 34189697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first attempt to assess genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects in herring (Clupea harengus membras), flounder (Platichthys flesus), and cod (Gadus morhua callarias) caught at 47 study stations, located close to chemical munition dumpsites in the Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea. Herring sampled from stations located in the center of chemical munition dumpsites exhibited the highest levels of micronuclei (MN) and total genotoxicity (ΣGentox), which is defined as the sum of frequencies of such nuclear abnormalities as micronuclei, nuclear buds, nuclear buds on the filament, and bi-nucleated erythrocytes with nucleoplasmic bridges. Exceptionally high and high ΣGentox risks were determined for flounder (89.47%), herring (79.31%), and cod (50%) caught at the stations located close to the chemical munition dumpsites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Roberta Valskienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Włodzimierz Grygiel
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1 Kołłątaja Street, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | | | | | - Janina Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Vanninen P, Östin A, Bełdowski J, Pedersen EA, Söderström M, Szubska M, Grabowski M, Siedlewicz G, Czub M, Popiel S, Nawała J, Dziedzic D, Jakacki J, Pączek B. Exposure status of sea-dumped chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105112. [PMID: 32861968 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
About 50 000 tons of chemical weapons (CW) were dumped to the Baltic Sea after the Second World War. Munitions are located in the deep areas of the Baltic Sea, and there they act as a point source of contamination to the ecosystem. Corroded munitions release chemical warfare agents (CWAs) to nearby water and sediments. In this study we investigated known dumpsites (Bornholm, Gotland and Gdansk Deep) and dispersed chemical munitions, to evaluate the extent of contamination of nearby sediments, as well as to assess the degradation process of released CWA. It was found that CWA-related phenylarsenic chemicals (Clark I, Clark II and Adamsite) and sulfur mustard are released to the sediments and undergo environmental degradation to chemicals, of which some remain toxic. The extent of pollution of released CWAs and their corresponding degradation products reaches more than 250 m from the CW objects, and seem to follow a power curve decrease of concentration from the source. Bornholm Deep is characterised with the highest concentration of CWAs in sediments, but occasional concentration peaks are also observed in the Gdansk Deep and close to dispersed munitions. Detailed investigation of spreading pattern show that the range of pollution depends on bottom currents and topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vanninen
- VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Östin
- FOI, CBRN-Defence & Security, The Swedish Defense Research Agency, Cementvägen 20, SE-901 82, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jacek Bełdowski
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Erik A Pedersen
- Military University of Technology, Ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00 - 908, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Szubska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Miłosz Grabowski
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Michał Czub
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Stanisław Popiel
- Military University of Technology, Ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00 - 908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Nawała
- Military University of Technology, Ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00 - 908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Dziedzic
- Military University of Technology, Ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00 - 908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaromir Jakacki
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Pączek
- PNA, Polish Naval Academy, Ul. Śmidowicza 69, 81-127, Gdynia, Poland
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