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Zhou Y, Ma J, Ma J, Lu Q, Wang G, Shen Y, Ma H. Extending grazing time during the warm season can reduce P limitation and increase the N cycling rate in arid desert steppes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173664. [PMID: 38838998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry serves as a valuable tool for comprehending biogeochemical cycles within grassland ecosystems. The impact of grazing time on the concentration and stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in desert steppe ecosystems remains ambiguous. This research was carried out in a desert grassland utilizing a completely randomized experimental design. Four distinct grazing time treatments were implemented: fenced grassland (FG, control), delay to start and early to end grazing grassland (DEG), delay to start grazing grassland (DG), and traditional grazing grassland (TG). The patterns of C, N, and P concentrations and their stoichiometry in various components of the ecosystem, as well as their driving factors under different grazing times were examined. The results showed that grazing time positively influenced C and N concentrations in leaves, while negatively affecting N concentrations in roots. TG had a significant positive effect on soil P concentrations but a negative effect on soil C:P and N:P ratios. Plant C:N, C:P, and N: P ratios were mainly influenced by N and P. The soil C:N ratio was primarily influenced by soil N, the soil C:P ratio was affected by both soil C and P, and the soil N:P ratio was influenced by both soil N and P. The growth of plants in desert steppes is mainly limited by P; however, as grazing time increased, P limitation gradually decreased and the N cycling rate increased. C-N, C-P, and N-P in various plant organs and soils demonstrated significant anisotropic growth relationships at different grazing times. Soil organic carbon, pH, and soil total phosphorus were the main driving factors that affected changes in ecological C:N:P stoichiometry. These results will help improve grassland management and anticipate the response of grassland systems to external disturbances with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jingli Ma
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Hongbin Ma
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Xie Y, Hua Y, Zhang J, Wei W, Yin B. Brandt's vole ( Lasiopodomys brandtii) affects the dominant position of three gramineous species by altering defense traits and interspecific competition. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70086. [PMID: 39091336 PMCID: PMC11293948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents can cause considerable changes in plant community composition. However, relationships between shifts in species dominance and plant functional traits caused by rodents have seldom been investigated, especially for belowground functional traits. In this study, a set of enclosures was constructed to analyze the effects of 10 years of Brandt's voles' activities on the defense strategies and dominant position changes of three gramineous plants (Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, and Cleistogenes squarrosa) in Inner Mongolia. Here, we measured the dominance, biomass, and fourteen functional traits of three plants. The effects of Brandt's voles on dominance, biomass, and functional traits were analyzed, and then we explored the effect of functional traits on plant dominance by using the structural equation model. Results showed that long-term feeding by Brandt's voles resulted in a significant decrease in the dominance of L. chinensis and S. krylovii, whereas C. squarrosa was positively affected. The belowground biomass of L. chinensis and S. krylovii was higher in the vole treatment, which showed that they were increasing their escape characteristics. The leaf thickness of L. chinensis and the leaf C:N ratio of S. krylovii significantly increased, while the specific leaf area of C. squarrosa significantly decreased. All three gramineous showed increased resistance traits in response to Brandt's voles, which positively affected their dominance. Tolerance-related traits of S. krylovii significantly increased, with the increasing growth rate of root length contributing to enhancing its dominance. We highlight that selective feeding by rodents led to the selection of different defense strategies by three gramineous plants, and that changes in biomass allocation and functional traits in the different species affected plant dominance, driving changes in the plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Xie
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yongle Hua
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Jiading Zhang
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Baofa Yin
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Gong J, Song L, Zhang Z, Dong J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Dong X, Hu Y, Liu Y. Correlations between root phosphorus acquisition and foliar phosphorus allocation reveal how grazing promotes plant phosphorus utilization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108467. [PMID: 38412704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Overgrazing and phosphorus (P) deficiency are two major factors limiting the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. Exploring plant P utilization and acquisition strategies under grazing can provide a solid basis for determining a reasonable grazing intensity. Both foliar P allocation and root P acquisition are crucial mechanisms for plants to adapt to environmental P availability; however, their changing characteristics and correlation under grazing remain unknown. Here, we investigated foliar P fractions, root P-acquisition traits and gene expression, as well as rhizosphere and bulk soil properties of two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass), in a field grazing intensity gradient site in Inner Mongolia. Grazing induced different degrees of compensatory growth in the two dominant plant species, increased rhizosphere P availability, and alleviated plant P limitation. Under grazing, the foliar metabolite P of L. chinensis increased, whereas the nucleic acid P of S. grandis increased. Increased P fractions in L. chinensis were positively correlated with increased root exudates and rapid inorganic P absorption. For S. grandis, increased foliar P fractions were positively correlated with more fine roots, more root exudates, and up-regulated expression of genes involved in defense and P metabolism. Overall, efficient root P mobilization and uptake traits, as well as increases in leaf metabolic activity-related P fractions, supported plant compensatory growth under grazing, a process that differed between tiller types. The highest plant productivity and leaf metabolic activity-related P concentrations under medium grazing intensity clarify the underlying basis for sustainable livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Liangyuan Song
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuede Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Yu RP, Su Y, Lambers H, van Ruijven J, An R, Yang H, Yin XT, Xing Y, Zhang WP, Li L. A novel proxy to examine interspecific phosphorus facilitation between plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37366046 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Resource complementarity can contribute to enhanced ecosystem functioning in diverse plant communities, but the role of facilitation in the enhanced complementarity is poorly understood. Here, we use leaf manganese concentration ([Mn]) as a proxy for rhizosheath carboxylate concentration to explore novel mechanisms of complementarity mediated by phosphorus (P) facilitation. In pot experiments, we showed that mixtures involving Carex korshinskyi, an efficient P-mobilizing species, exhibited greater biomass and relative complementarity effect than combinations without C. korshinskyi on P-deficient soils. Compared with monocultures, leaf [Mn] and [P] of species that are inefficient at P mobilization increased by 27% and 21% when grown with C. korshinskyi (i.e. interspecific P facilitation via carboxylates) rather than next to another inefficient P-mobilizing species. This experimental result was supported by a meta-analysis including a range of efficient P-mobilizing species. Phosphorus facilitation enhanced the relative complementarity effect in low-P environments, related to a greater change in several facilitated species of their root morphological traits relative to those in monoculture. Using leaf [Mn] as a proxy, we highlight a vital mechanism of interspecific P facilitation via belowground processes and provide evidence for the pivotal role of P facilitation mediated by the plasticity of root traits in biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Ran An
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Song L, Gong J, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang S, Dong J, Dong X, Hu Y, Liu Y. Changes in plant phosphorus demand and supply relationships in response to different grazing intensities affect the soil organic carbon stock of a temperate steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:163225. [PMID: 37011672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change and long-term overgrazing are the main causes of grassland degradation worldwide. Phosphorus (P) is typically a limiting nutrient in degraded grassland soils, and its dynamics may play a crucial role in the responses of carbon (C) feedback to grazing. Yet how multiple P processes respond to a multi-level of grazing and its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC), which is critical for sustainable grassland development in the face of climate change, remains inadequately understood. Here, we investigated P dynamics at the ecosystem level in a 7-year-long multi-level grazing field experiment and analyzed their relation to SOC stock. The results showed that, due to the greater P demand for compensatory plant growth, grazing by sheep increased the aboveground plants' P supply (by 70 % at most) while decreasing their relative P limitation. The increase in P in aboveground tissue was associated with changes in plant root-shoot P allocation and P resorption, and the mobilization of moderately labile organic P in soil. Affected by the altered P supply under grazing, corresponding changes to root C stock and soil total P were two major factors impacting SOC. Compensatory growth-induced P demand and P supply processes responded differently to grazing intensity, resulting in differential effects on SOC. Unlike the light and heavy grazing levels, which reduced the SOC stock, moderate grazing was capable of maintaining maximal vegetation biomass, total plant biomass P, and SOC stock, mainly by promoting biologically- and geochemically-driven plant-soil P turnover. Our findings have important implications for addressing future soil C losses and mitigating higher atmospheric CO2 threats, as well as maintaining high productivity in temperate grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuede Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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de Tombeur F, Raven JA, Toussaint A, Lambers H, Cooke J, Hartley SE, Johnson SN, Coq S, Katz O, Schaller J, Violle C. Why do plants silicify? Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:275-288. [PMID: 36428125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite seminal papers that stress the significance of silicon (Si) in plant biology and ecology, most studies focus on manipulations of Si supply and mitigation of stresses. The ecological significance of Si varies with different levels of biological organization, and remains hard to capture. We show that the costs of Si accumulation are greater than is currently acknowledged, and discuss potential links between Si and fitness components (growth, survival, reproduction), environment, and ecosystem functioning. We suggest that Si is more important in trait-based ecology than is currently recognized. Si potentially plays a significant role in many aspects of plant ecology, but knowledge gaps prevent us from understanding its possible contribution to the success of some clades and the expansion of specific biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Tombeur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Sylvain Coq
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ofir Katz
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Mount Masada, Tamar Regional Council, Israel; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Sheng Z, Du J, Li L, Li E, Sun B, Mao J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Diao Z. Grazing alters ecosystem multifunctionality via changes in taxonomic diversity and functional identity in temperate grassland, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Li X, Zhang Z, Lü X, Li Y, Jin K, van der Putten WH. Soil aggregate microbiomes steer plant community overyielding in ungrazed and intensively grazed grassland soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115919. [PMID: 36001914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant and soil microbial community composition play a central role in maintaining ecosystem functioning. Most studies have focused on soil microbes in the bulk soil, the rhizosphere and inside plant roots, however, less is known about the soil community that exists within soil aggregates, and how these soil communities influence plant biomass production. Here, using field-conditioned soil collected from experimental ungrazed and grazed grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China, we examined the composition of microbiomes inside soil aggregates of various size classes, and determined their roles in plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), diversity-productivity relationships, and diversity-dependent overyielding. We found that grazing induced significantly positive PSF effects, which appeared to be mediated by mycorrhizal fungi, particularly under plant monocultures. Despite this, non-additive effects of microbiomes within different soil aggregates enhanced the strength of PSF under ungrazed grassland, but decreased PSF strength under intensively grazed grassland. Plant mixture-related increases in PSF effects markedly enhanced diversity-dependent overyielding, primarily due to complementary effects. Selection effects played far less of a role. Our work suggests that PSF contributes to diversity-dependent overyielding in grasslands via non-additive effects of microbiomes within different soil aggregates. The implication of our work is that assessing the effectiveness of sustainable grassland restoration and management on soil properties requires inspection of soil aggregate size-specific microbiomes, as these are relevant determinants of the feedback interactions between soil and plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, 6700AB, the Netherlands
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xiaotao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, 6700AB, the Netherlands; Department of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 ES, the Netherlands
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Liu J, Lu S, Liu C, Hou D. Nutrient reallocation between stem and leaf drives grazed grassland degradation in inner Mongolia, China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:505. [PMID: 36307761 PMCID: PMC9617404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decline in height and aboveground biomass of the plant community are critical indicators of grassland ecosystem degradation. Nutrient reallocation induced by grazing occurs among different organs, which balances the trade-off between growth and defense. However, it is not yet clear how nutrient reallocation strategies affect plant community structure and functions in grazed grasslands. A grazing experiment was conducted in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. We investigated plant community characteristics and measured plant functional traits of dominant species (Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa) at individual and population levels. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations of stem and leaf in the two species were also determined. RESULTS N, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in leaves and stems of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa significantly increased with grazing intensity, and microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were more sensitive to grazing. The nutrient slopes of macro- and microelements in leaves were significantly higher than those in stems under grazing, indicating that nutrient resources were preferentially allocated to leaves and enhanced the compensatory growth of leaves in the grazed grassland. With increasing grazing intensity, the aboveground biomass of stems and leaves in the two species significantly decreased, but leaf to stem ratio increased at the individual level, indicating that plants preferentially allocated biomass to leaves under grazing. The increase in leaf to stem ratio due to nutrient reallocation between the two organs significantly reduced height and aboveground biomass at population and community levels, driving grassland ecosystem degradation. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the driving forces of community structure and function degradation in grazed grasslands from the perspective of nutrient resource allocation, and provided insights into plant adaptation strategies to grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, 010021, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuaizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environment Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environment Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Hou
- College of Grassland, Resource and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China.
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Li J, He B, Zhou S, Zhang X, Li C, Han G. Prediction of plant diversity under different stocking rates based on functional traits of constructive species in a desert steppe, northern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.865703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive grazing causes a decrease in plant diversity of grassland and also leads to changes in the functional traits of grassland plants. Based on the relationship between plant diversity and the functional traits of constructive species, the patterns of change in plant diversity can be predicted based on change in plant functional traits under different stocking rates. For the present study, Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia was studied to characterize the plant community and population characteristics and plant functional traits of S. breviflora in grazing areas with different stocking rates [without grazing, light grazing (LG, 0.93 sheep unit hm–2half yr–1), moderate grazing (MG, 1.82 sheep unit hm–2half yr–1), heavy grazing (HG, 2.71 sheep unit hm–2 half yr–1)]. The results showed that: (1) LG significantly weakened the competitive advantage of the constructive species (S. breviflora) (P < 0.05), while HG significantly strengthened its competitive advantage in the community (P < 0.05); (2) Changes in plant diversity were generally significantly related to changes in S. breviflora root traits. The competitive advantage of S. breviflora in the community and the change in root traits could be used to predict the change in plant diversity in the desert steppe under different stocking rates. This research can provide a theoretical basis for maintaining plant diversity and sustainability in the desert steppe.
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Hao X, Yang J, Dong S, Shen H, He F, Zhi Y, Kwaku EA, Tu D, Dou S, Zhou X, Yang Z. Impacts of Short-Term Grazing Intensity on the Plant Diversity and Ecosystem Function of Alpine Steppe on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141889. [PMID: 35890523 PMCID: PMC9318276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Livestock grazing is the primary land use of grasslands worldwide. Grazing has been asserted to alter grassland ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity conservation. However, few studies have focused on the impact of grazing intensity on the ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) of alpine grasslands. We conducted a field experiment of manipulating sheep grazing intensity effects on alpine steppe by surveying plant community characteristics and ecosystem functions. Our results showed that plant community composition was altered with increasing grazing intensity, and the dominant species shifted from grasses and sedges to forbs. EMF was the highest under no grazing (CK) and the lowest under heavy grazing (HG), but there was insignificant difference between CK and HG. HG significantly decreased some indicators that reflected nutrient cycling functions, such as soil available nitrogen, plant leaf nitrogen (PN) and phosphorus content (PP). Furthermore, plant diversity had strong correlations with SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and PN. The results could provide scientific bases for biodiversity conservation and sustainable grazing management of alpine steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Hao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (H.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Juejie Yang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (H.S.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (H.S.); (F.H.)
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Z.); (E.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (H.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Fengcai He
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (H.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Yangliu Zhi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Z.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Emmanuella A. Kwaku
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.Z.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Danjia Tu
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China; (D.T.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shengyun Dou
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China; (D.T.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China; (D.T.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China; (D.T.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
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Wu X, Dang X, Meng Z, Fu D, Cong W, Zhao F, Guo J. Mechanisms of grazing management impact on preferential water flow and infiltration patterns in a semi-arid grassland in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152082. [PMID: 34861310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grazing management is widely used to control grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia. However, the correlation between the soil physical properties, root traits, and infiltration patterns of different types of grazing management has seldom been studied. To reveal the effect of grazing management on water infiltration and preferential flow behavior, we first investigated the soil and plant properties in a grazing exclusion (19 years, GE), cold-season grazing (19 years, CG), and free-grazing grassland (19 years, FG) in a semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia. Dye tracer infiltration was adopted to obtain the water infiltration patterns from different types of grazing management. Finally, root biomass and root morphological traits were measured in a field experiment. The results showed that the plant height, vegetation coverage, richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, soil water content, total porosity, and mean weight diameter were higher at the GE site than at the FG site, whereas soil bulk density and sand content were lower at the GE site than at the FG site (P < 0.05). In addition, the root mean diameter, specific root length, and root mass density were higher at the GE site than at the FG site. As a result, differences in these root traits and soil and vegetation properties affected the preferential water flow behavior in the three types of grassland. The preferential flow evaluation index (PFI) of the GE, CG, and FG sites was 0.89, 0.30, and 0.15, respectively, which indicated that more obvious preferential flow occurred at the GE site than at the CG and FG sites. These findings highlight that the long-term GE enhanced plant density and root biomass, which could potentially promote the natural restoration of soil pores and preferential water infiltration. Therefore, local governments and herders should implement GE rather than other grazing management practices to prevent grassland degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaohong Dang
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhongju Meng
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Dongsheng Fu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wencheng Cong
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jingjie Guo
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Yu RP, Lambers H, Callaway RM, Wright AJ, Li L. Belowground facilitation and trait matching: two or three to tango? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1227-1235. [PMID: 34400074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High biodiversity increases ecosystem functions; however, belowground facilitation remains poorly understood in this context. Here, we explore mechanisms that operate via 'giving-receiving feedbacks' for belowground facilitation. These include direct effects via root exudates, signals, and root trait plasticity, and indirect biotic facilitation via the effects of root exudates on soil biota and feedback from biota to plants. We then highlight that these two- or three-way mechanisms must affect biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships via specific combinations of matching traits. To tango requires a powerful affinity and harmony between well-matched partners, and such matches link belowground facilitation to the effect of biodiversity on function. Such matching underpins applications in intercropping, forestry, and pasture systems, in which diversity contributes to greater productivity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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de Tombeur F, Cornelis JT, Lambers H. Silicon mobilisation by root-released carboxylates. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1116-1125. [PMID: 34315662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous strategies to acquire poorly available nutrients from soil, including the release of carboxylates from their roots. Silicon (Si) release from mineral dissolution increases in the presence of chelating substances, and recent evidence shows that leaf [Si] increases markedly in old phosphorus (P)-depleted soils, where many species exhibit carboxylate-releasing strategies, compared with younger P-richer soils. Here, we propose that root-released carboxylates, and more generally rhizosphere processes, play an overlooked role in plant Si accumulation by increasing soil Si mobilisation from minerals. We suggest that Si mobilisation is costly in terms of carbon but becomes cheaper if those costs are already met to acquire poorly available P. Uptake of the mobilised Si by roots will then depend on whether they express Si transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Tombeur
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia.
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de Britto Costa P, Staudinger C, Veneklaas EJ, Oliveira RS, Lambers H. Root positioning and trait shifts in Hibbertia racemosa as dependent on its neighbour's nutrient-acquisition strategy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1257-1267. [PMID: 33386607 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-poor ecosystems globally exhibit high plant diversity. One mechanism enabling the co-existence of species in such ecosystems is facilitation among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies. The ecophysiological processes underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that root positioning plays a role between sympatric species in nutrient-poor vegetation. We investigated how the growth traits of the focal mycorrhizal non-cluster-rooted Hibbertia racemosa change when grown in proximity of non-mycorrhizal Banksia attenuata, which produces cluster roots that increase nutrient availability, compared with growth with conspecifics. Focal plants were placed in the centre of rhizoboxes, and biomass allocation, root system architecture, specific root length (SRL), and leaf nutrient concentration were assessed. When grown with B. attenuata, focal plants decreased root investment, increased root growth towards B. attenuata, and positioned their roots near B. attenuata cluster roots. SRL was greater, and the degree of localized root investment correlated positively with B. attenuata cluster-root biomass. Total nutrient contents in the focal individuals were greater when grown with B. attenuata. Focal plants directed their root growth towards the putatively facilitating neighbour's cluster roots, modifying root traits and investment. Preferential root positioning and root morphological traits play important roles in positive plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Britto Costa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Yu R, Zhang W, Fornara DA, Li L. Contrasting responses of nitrogen: Phosphorus stoichiometry in plants and soils under grazing: A global meta‐analysis. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Peng Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Wei‐Ping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | | | - Long Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
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Hopper SD, Lambers H, Silveira FAO, Fiedler PL. OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The theory addresses some of the most intransigent environmental and cultural trends of our time – the ongoing decline of biodiversity and cultural diversity of First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, the origins of the theory, and its principal hypotheses in biological, anthropological and conservation applications. The discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) on infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km of the coast formed the foundational framework for OCBIL theory and led to the development of testable hypotheses that a growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs are recognized in 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots and eight other regions. The SWAFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and South America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) are those regions that have most comprehensively been investigated in the context of OCBIL theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological and cultural hypotheses and ten conservation-management hypotheses being investigated as recent contributions to the OCBIL literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Departmento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
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Liu T, Li T, Zhang L, Li H, Liu S, Yang S, An Q, Pan C, Zou N. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the accumulation of pesticides and mitigates pesticide-induced oxidative stress in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111654. [PMID: 33396168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule, regulating oxidative stress response in plants. In this study, we evaluated the influences of SA (1 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1) on the accumulation of clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DFN) and difenoconazole (DFZ) (5 mg L-1) and pesticide-induced (CLO-10 mg L-1, DFN-20 mg L-1, and DFZ-10 mg L-1) oxidative stress in cucumber plants. Exogenous SA at 10 mg L-1 significantly reduced the half-lives of three pesticides in nutrient solution and prevented the accumulation of pesticides in roots and leaves. And the role of SA in reducing residues was related to the major accumulation sites of pesticides. By calculating the root concentration factor (RCF) and translocation factor (TF), we found that SA at 10 mg L-1 reduced the ability of roots to absorb pesticides and enhanced the translocation ability from roots to leaves. Roots exposed to high concentrations of three pesticides could reduce biomass, low chlorophyll content, increase the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proline, promote lipid peroxidation, and alter the activities of a range of antioxidant enzymes, respectively. Exogenous SA at low concentrations (1 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1) significantly mitigated these negative effects. Hence, application of exogenous SA at 10 mg L-1 could effectively alleviate the accumulation of pesticides and induce stress tolerance in cucumber planting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shangke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Quanshun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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The potential for phosphorus benefits through root placement in the rhizosphere of phosphorus-mobilising neighbours. Oecologia 2020; 193:843-855. [PMID: 32816111 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants that produce specialised cluster roots, which mobilise large quantities of poorly available nutrients such as phosphorus (P), can provide a benefit to neighbouring plants that produce roots in the cluster rhizosphere, as demonstrated previously in pot studies. To be effective, such roots must be present within the short time of peak cluster activity. We tested if this requirement is met, and quantified potential P benefits, in a hyperdiverse Mediterranean woodland of southwest Australia where cluster-rooted species are prominent. Using minirhizotrons, we monitored root dynamics during the wet season in the natural habitat. We found non-cluster roots intermingling with all 57 of the observed cluster roots of the studied tree species, Banksia attenuata. Almost all (95%) of these cases were observed in a high-moisture treatment simulating the 45-year average, but not present when we intercepted some of the rainfall. We estimate that cluster-root activity can increase P availability to intermingling roots to a theoretical maximum of 80% of total P in the studied soil. Due to their high P-remobilisation efficiency (89%), which results from P rapidly being relocated from cluster roots within the plant, senesced Banksia cluster roots are a negligible P source for other roots. We conclude that, rather than serving as a P source, it is the cluster-root activity, particularly the exudation of carboxylates, that may improve the coexistence of interacting species that are capable of root intermingling, thus potentially promoting species diversity in nutrient-poor habitats, and that this mechanism will be less effective in a drying climate.
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