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Ma LL, Seibold S, Cadotte MW, Zou JY, Song J, Mo ZQ, Tan SL, Ye LJ, Zheng W, Burgess KS, Chen ZF, Liu DT, Yang XL, Shi XC, Zhao W, Liu J, Li DZ, Gao LM, Luo YH. Niche convergence and biogeographic history shape elevational tree community assembly in a subtropical mountain forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173343. [PMID: 38777069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Niche convergence or conservatism have been proposed as essential mechanisms underlying elevational plant community assembly in tropical mountain ecosystems. Subtropical mountains, compared to tropical mountains, are likely to be shaped by a mixing of different geographic affinities of species and remain somehow unclear. Here, we used 31 0.1-ha permanent plots distributed in subtropical forests on the eastern and western aspects of the Gaoligong Mountains, southwest China between 1498 m and 3204 m a.sl. to evaluate how niche-based and biogeographic processes shape tree community assembly along elevational gradients. We analyzed the elevational patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, as well as of individual traits, and assessed the relative importance of environmental effects on these diversity measures. We then classified tree species as being either tropical affiliated or temperate affiliated and estimated their contribution to the composition of biogeographic affinities. Species richness decreased with elevation, and species composition showed apparent turnover across the aspects and elevations. Most traits exhibited convergent patterns across the entire elevational gradient. Phylogenetic and functional diversity showed opposing patterns, with phylogenetic diversity increasing and functional diversity decreasing with elevation. Soil nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen, appeared to be the main abiotic variables driving the elevational diversity patterns. Communities at lower elevations were occupied by tropical genera, while highlands contained species of tropical and temperate biogeographic affinities. Moreover, the high phylogenetic diversity at high elevations were likely due to differences in evolutionary history between temperate and tropical species. Our results highlight the importance of niche convergence of tropical species and the legacy of biogeographic history on the composition and structure of subtropical mountain forests. Furthermore, limited soil phosphorus caused traits divergence and the partitioning for different forms of phosphorus may explain the high biodiversity found in phosphorus-limited subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany; Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin S Burgess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Zhi-Fa Chen
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Tuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Liang Yang
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shi
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China.
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China.
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Vélez-Martínez GA, Reyes-Ardila WL, Duque-Zapata JD, Rugeles-Silva PA, Muñoz Flórez JE, López-Álvarez D. Soil bacteria and fungi communities are shaped by elevation influences in Colombian forest and páramo natural ecosystems. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:377-391. [PMID: 37458953 PMCID: PMC10991037 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The influence of elevation on natural terrestrial ecosystems determines the arrangements of microbial communities in soils to be associated with biotic and abiotic factors. To evaluate changes of fungi and bacteria at the community level along an elevational gradient (between 1000 and 3800 m.a.s.l.), physicochemical measurements of soils, taxonomic identifications of plants, and metabarcoding sequences of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS1 region for fungi were obtained. The bacterial taxonomic composition showed that Acidobacteriota increased in abundance with elevation, while Actinobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota decreased. Furthermore, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria maintained maximum levels of abundance at intermediate elevations (1200 and 2400 m.a.s.l.). In fungi, Ascomycota was more abundant at higher elevations, Basidiomycota tended to dominate at lower elevations, and Mortierellomycota had a greater presence at intermediate sites. These results correlated with the edaphic parameters of decreasing pH and increasing organic carbon and available nitrogen with elevation. In addition, the Shannon index found a greater diversity in bacteria than fungi, but both showed a unimodal pattern with maximum values in the Andean Forest at 2400 m.a.s.l. Through the microbial characterization of the ecosystems, the elevational gradient, soil properties, and vegetation were found to exert significant effects on microbial communities and alpha diversity indices. We conclude that the most abundant soil microorganisms at the sampling points differed in abundance and diversity according to the variations in factors influencing ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glever Alexander Vélez-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Wendy Lorena Reyes-Ardila
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan Diego Duque-Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Rugeles-Silva
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Diana López-Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera, 32 No. 12-00, 763536, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
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Ahmad M, Uniyal SK, Sharma P, Rathee S, Batish DR, Singh HP. Enhanced plasticity and reproductive fitness of floral and seed traits facilitate non-native species spread in mountain ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119222. [PMID: 37862892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Floral and seed traits, their relationships, and responses to abiotic constraints are considered the key determinants of the invasion success of non-native plant species. However, studies evaluating the pattern of floral and seed traits of non-native species in mountain ecosystems are lacking. In this study, we determined (a) whether the floral and seed traits of native and non-native species show similarity or dissimilarity across elevations in mountains, and (b) whether the non-native species follow different allometric patterns compared with native species. Functional variations between native and non-native species were assessed through floral and seed traits: flower count, flower display area, flower mass, specific flower area, seed count, and seed mass across an elevational gradient. Permanent plots (20 × 20 m) were laid at each 100 m elevation rise from 2000 to 4000 m a.s.l. for sampling of herbaceous plant species. The mean values of floral and seed traits such as flower display area, specific flower area, and seed count were significantly higher for non-native species compared to native species. A significant difference in trait values (flower display area, flower mass, seed count, and seed mass) between non-native species and native species was observed along the elevational gradient, except for flower count and specific flower area. The bivariate relationship revealed non-native species to exhibit a stronger relationship between flower display area ∼ flower mass, and flower display area ∼ seed mass traits than the native species. Non-native species showed enhanced reproductive ability under varying environmental conditions along an elevational gradient in mountain ecosystems. Greater flower display area and seed mass at lower elevations and a stronger overall trait-trait relationship among non-native species implied resource investment in pollinator visualization, flower mass, and seed quality over seed quantity. The study concludes that enhanced plasticity and reproductive fitness of floral and seed traits would consequently aid non-native species to adapt, become invasive, and displace native species in mountain ecosystems if the climatic barriers acting on non-native species are reduced with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Environmental Technology, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay K Uniyal
- Department of Environmental Technology, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India
| | - Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harminder P Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Khan N, Ullah R, Okla MK, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Saleh IA, Abu-Harirah HA, AlRamadneh TN, AbdElgawad H. Spatial distribution of the four invasive plants and their impact on natural communities' dynamics across the arid and semi-arid environments in northwest Pakistan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1207222. [PMID: 37692447 PMCID: PMC10485558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1207222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Non-native species are globally successful invaders with negative impacts on vegetation communities' social, economic, and ecological values. Hence, the current research was carried out to assess the spatial distribution patterns and vegetative diversity of the four non-native species in severely invaded areas of the semi-arid parts of northern Pakistan. Methods The research was conducted using data from 1065 plots spread across 165 sites. These sites represented habitats throughout Northern Province, such as farm countryside, highlands, and abandoned places in rural and urban areas. Results and discussion The communities were floristically diverse, represented by 107 plant species, and dominated mainly by annual and perennial life forms with herbaceous habits. Similarly, the floristic structure shows significant variation tested by the χ2 test (P< 0.05) for plant status, life forms, life cycle, and habitat base distribution. In addition, the diversity indices show significant variation having the highest diversity in C-III (P. hysterophorus-dominated sites) and lowest in C-IV (S. marianum-dominated sites, i.e., primarily pure communities), indicating non-native species may increase or decrease site diversity. The diversity communities were further supported by higher quantities of soil nutrients, i.e., organic percentage (2.22 ± 0.04). Altitude, soil nutrients, and texture were shown to be the environmental factors most associated with communities that non-native species had invaded. Recommendation It is recommended that relevant, additional soil and climatic parameters be integrated into species distribution models to improve our understanding of the ecological niches of different species and to make a collective approach for preserving and conserving native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Rafi Ullah
- University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sushko S, Ovsepyan L, Gavrichkova O, Yevdokimov I, Komarova A, Zhuravleva A, Blagodatsky S, Kadulin M, Ivashchenko K. Contribution of microbial activity and vegetation cover to the spatial distribution of soil respiration in mountains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165045. [PMID: 37396373 PMCID: PMC10307969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of change in bioclimatic conditions determine the vegetation cover and soil properties along the altitudinal gradient. Together, these factors control the spatial variability of soil respiration (RS) in mountainous areas. The underlying mechanisms, which are poorly understood, shape the resulting surface CO2 flux in these ecosystems. We aimed to investigate the spatial variability of RS and its drivers on the northeastern slope of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, Russia (1,260-2,480 m a.s.l.), in mixed, fir, and deciduous forests, as well as subalpine and alpine meadows. RS was measured simultaneously in each ecosystem at 12 randomly distributed points using the closed static chamber technique. After the measurements, topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected under each chamber (n = 60). Several soil physicochemical, microbial, and vegetation indices were assessed as potential drivers of RS. We tested two hypotheses: (i) the spatial variability of RS is higher in forests than in grasslands; and (ii) the spatial variability of RS in forests is mainly due to soil microbial activity, whereas in grasslands, it is mainly due to vegetation characteristics. Unexpectedly, RS variability was lower in forests than in grasslands, ranging from 1.3-6.5 versus 3.4-12.7 μmol CO2 m-1 s-1, respectively. Spatial variability of RS in forests was related to microbial functioning through chitinase activity (50% explained variance), whereas in grasslands it was related to vegetation structure, namely graminoid abundance (27% explained variance). Apparently, the chitinase dependence of RS variability in forests may be related to soil N limitation. This was confirmed by low N content and high C:N ratio compared to grassland soils. The greater sensitivity of grassland RS to vegetation structure may be related to the essential root C allocation for some grasses. Thus, the first hypothesis concerning the higher spatial variability of RS in forests than in grasslands was not confirmed, whereas the second hypothesis concerning the crucial role of soil microorganisms in forests and vegetation in grasslands as drivers of RS spatial variability was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sushko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lilit Ovsepyan
- Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilya Yevdokimov
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexandra Komarova
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Kadulin
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
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Hakim N, Ahmad M, Rathee S, Sharma P, Kaur S, Batish DR, Singh HP. Invasive Cirsium arvense displays different resource-use strategies along local habitat heterogeneity in the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:730. [PMID: 37231282 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic pressures have resulted in a significant shift in the invasion susceptibility and frequency of non-native species in mountain ecosystems. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Family: Asteraceae) is an invasive species that spreads quickly in mountains, especially in the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. The current study used a trait-based approach to evaluate the impact of local habitat heterogeneity (soil physico-chemical properties) on C. arvense. Thirteen plant functional traits (root, shoot, leaf, and reproductive traits) of C. arvense were studied in three different habitat types (agricultural, marshy, and roadside). Functional trait variability in C. arvense was higher between, than within habitats (between different populations). All the functional traits interacted with habitat change, except for leaf count and seed mass. Soil properties strongly affect C. arvense's resource-use strategies across habitats. The plant adapted to a resource-poor environment (roadside habitat) by conserving resources and to a resource-rich environment (agricultural and marshy land habitat) by acquiring them. The ability of C. arvense to use resources differently reflects its persistence in introduced habitats. In summary, our study shows that C. arvense invades different habitats in introduced regions through trait adaptations and resource-use strategies in the trans-Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasmeen Hakim
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Zheng J, Arif M, He X, Liu X, Li C. Distinguishing the mechanisms driving multifaceted plant diversity in subtropical reservoir riparian zones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138368. [PMID: 36909398 PMCID: PMC9998900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the multifaceted plant diversity and its maintenance mechanisms is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Dam-induced water level fluctuations dramatically alter various aspects of riparian diversity, such as taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), or functional (FD) diversity. However, few studies simultaneously evaluated plant TD, FD, and PD, especially in the subtropical reservoir riparian zone. Here we sampled plant diversity and environmental drivers along inundation gradients of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in China. We integrated multifaceted plant diversity to assess how distinct ecological processes affect the plant community assembly and how they respond to inundation gradients, spatial variability, climate, and soils in dam-regulated riparian zones. We found that alpha TD, PD, and FD diversity exhibited decreasing trends with increasing inundation gradients and significant positive correlations with soil organic matter. The number of clustering plant communities increases along the inundation gradients. Beta TD and PD diversity were mainly dominated by species turnover with fewer contributions from nestedness, while beta FD diversity was mainly dominated by nestedness with fewer contributions from species turnover. The explainable rates of different dimensions of beta diversity, turnover, and nestedness ranged from 11% to 61%, with spatial factors explaining the highest beta diversity in different dimensions, followed by inundation gradients, soil properties, and climate variables. Our results suggest dispersal limitations are more important for species turnover in dam-regulated riparian zones at regional scales, while inundation gradients and soil fertility are more critical in shaping plant community assemblages at the local scale. This study emphasizes that environmental and spatial gradients are critical for understanding the assembly mechanisms driving multifaceted plant communities at local and regional scales and reinforces the importance of protecting seed sources and dispersal pathways and maintaining river connectivity when implementing restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu Z, Fang J, Song B, Yang Y, Yu Z, Hu J, Dong K, Takahashi K, Adams JM. Stochastic processes dominate soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly along an elevation gradient in central Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158941. [PMID: 36152859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in facilitating ecosystem function and stability. Yet, their community response patterns and ecological assembly processes along elevational gradients which cross a range of climates and soil conditions remain elusive. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to examine trends in soil AM fungal community along an elevational gradient from 100 m to 2300 m in central Japan. A total of 750 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to 12 AM fungal genera were identified from soil samples, and the AM fungal community composition differed strongly with elevation, with variance explained more by climate, followed by soil and plant factors. The AM fungal α-diversity, network connectivity and complexity between AM fungal taxa and also with plant communities all exhibited a maximum at the mid-elevation of 800 m and then declined, principally influenced by soil pH and precipitation. Stochastic processes dominated AM fungal community assembly across the whole elevation gradient, with homogenizing dispersal being the main process. Only when AM fungal communities were contrasted across a relatively broad range of elevations, did variable selection (deterministic process) became significant, and even then in a mixed role with stochasticity. While OTUs of AM fungi are clearly adapted to particular environmental ranges, stochasticity due to rapid dispersal has a major role in determining their occurrence, suggesting that AM fungi may possess generalized and interchangeable niches, and can adjust their distribution rapidly - at least on the scale of a single mountain. This finding emphasizes that the roles of AM fungi in plant ecology may be non-specific and easily substituted, and furthermore that there is rapid local scale dispersal, which may allow plants to maintain effective AM associations under environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Song
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Junli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Life Science Major, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Dar AA, Parthasarathy N. Understory diversity and floristic differentiation of Kashmir Himalayan coniferous forests: implications for conservation. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zheng J, Arif M, He X, Ding D, Zhang S, Ni X, Li C. Plant community assembly is jointly shaped by environmental and dispersal filtering along elevation gradients in a semiarid area, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041742. [PMID: 36507391 PMCID: PMC9732563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental filtering (EF) and dispersal filtering (DF) are widely known to shape plant community assembly. Particularly in arid and semi-arid mountainous regions, however, it remains unclear whether EF or DF dominate in the community assembly of different life forms or how they interact along elevational gradients. This research aims to reveal how different ecological processes influence herbaceous and woody community assembly and how they respond to various environmental drivers and elevational gradients. Here we integrated taxonomic diversity (TD), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and ecological drivers across an elevational gradient of 1,420 m in the Helan Mountain Nature Reserve, in typical arid and semi-arid areas of China. This study showed that the TD and PD of herbaceous communities significantly increase linearly with changing elevation gradients, while woody 'TD' showed a unimodal pattern, and there was little relationship between woody 'PD' and elevation. Herbaceous species exhibited significant phylogenetic clustering at low elevations, where they were influenced by climate, aspect, and tree cover. However, woody species exhibited random patterns across elevations. Herbaceous and woody species' taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity is governed primarily by spatial turnover rather than nestedness. Spatial turnover is caused primarily by EF and DF's combined influence, but their relative importance differs between herbaceous and woody communities. Therefore, we conclude that the responses of herbaceous and woody plants along elevation gradients in the Helan Mountains are decoupled due to their different adaptation strategies to climate factors in the drylands. These findings are important for understanding the assembly mechanisms driving plant communities in dryland under the context of dramatic increases in drought driven by climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bioengineering, Ningxia Forestry Institute, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Pattern of β-Diversity and Plant Species Richness along Vertical Gradient in Northwest Himalaya, India. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071064. [PMID: 36101443 PMCID: PMC9312975 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Elevation has a significant impact on the distribution of plant species. However, the structure and distribution patterns of Himalayan vegetation are poorly explored, and research on species composition along an elevation gradient in these mountain ranges is still deficient. Plant species richness is supposed to diminish with altitude, although numerous scientists have found a peak in species richness at mid-elevation, yielding a humped relationship. Many studies along the Himalayan altitudinal gradients have been conducted in order to better understand large-scale biogeographical patterns as well as what drives them, but no clear pattern has emerged. In order to understand how elevation affects plant species, we focused on species diversity, species composition and β-diversity, which allow for the interpreting of different patterns along the elevations. It was found that all these components of diversity vary significantly with the change in altitude. Abstract The structure and distribution patterns of Himalayan vegetation are poorly explored, and research on species composition along the elevation gradient in these mountain ranges is still deficient. The current study was undertaken to analyze the variation and pattern of plant species composition along a vertical gradient in northwestern Himalaya, India. A total of 18 sites were selected along an elevation gradient ranging from 2200 to 3900 m asl positioned at an interval of 100 m. The Renyi diversity profile, non-metric multidimensional scaling based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metric and beta diversity components among the elevation belts were calculated. Furthermore, to study the influence of altitude on species richness and diversity, a generalized additive model was created. Two hundred and ten plant species representing 66 families and 147 genera were recorded. The Renyi diversity profiles show that the lower and mid-altitudes had rich species diversity. The results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis show a considerable variation in the total plant species composition among the studied elevation belts. The observed multiple-site Sorensen dissimilarity index across the studied elevation belts was very high. The contribution of species replacement or the turnover component to the observed dissimilarity was much higher than the nestedness component. Furthermore, the herbaceous and tree richness showed a significant decrease with increase in elevation; however, the richness of shrubs showed a bimodal pattern. The present study increases our understanding of the trends and patterns of species richness along the vertical gradient in the Himalayan region.
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Wang W, He Z, Du J, Ma D, Zhao P. Altitudinal patterns of species richness and flowering phenology in herbaceous community in Qilian Mountains of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:741-751. [PMID: 35230530 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In montane systems, there are normally significant spatial differences in vegetation community structure and ecological processes due to the complex topography. The study of such topographic effect can provide scientific basis for the prediction of vegetation dynamics. In this work, the effects of altitude and slope aspect on species richness and flowering phenology of herbaceous communities were investigated in Qilian Mountains, a typical mountainous region in arid climate zones of China. Our monitoring of 102 plots in 34 sites revealed that there were significant topographic effects on species richness and flowering phenology. Specifically, the results showed a spatial pattern that the average number of species in plots was slightly higher at middle altitudes, and was higher on shady than sunny slopes. In flowering phenology, the flowering onsets of low-altitude and sunny-slope communities are generally earlier than that of high-altitude and shady-slope communities, respectively, while the ending dates of flowering between slope aspects and between altitudes are relatively small. This topographic effect revealed the influences of temperature and soil moisture on community structure and flowering phenology, which is reflected in the inverse responses of species richness to temperature and soil water content, and the high sensitivity of flowering phenology to temperature. It can be inferred that under the conditions of climate warming and wetting in the future, the species diversity of herbaceous community may increase at high altitudes, and the flowering duration is likely to be further prolonged in Qilian Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin He
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Dar AA, Parthasarathy N. Tree species composition, stand structure and distribution patterns across three Kashmir Himalayan forests, India. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2022.2048534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashaq Ahmad Dar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Ashaq Ahmad Dar, Akhtar Hussain Malik, Narayanaswamy P. A floristic survey across three coniferous forests of Kashmir Himalaya, India – a checklist. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7208.14.1.20323-20345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a checklist of the flora of three coniferous forests of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot in Kashmir: low-level blue pine (BP), mixed coniferous (MC) and subalpine (SA) forests. The list includes altitudinal distribution and conservation status of 272 vascular plant species representing 196 genera and 64 families. Excluding neophytes (70 taxa, 62 genera, and 27 families), Magnoliophyta comprised 190 taxa, 139 genera, and 50 families; Pinophyta seven taxa, six genera, and three families; and Pteridophyta three taxa, three genera, and two families. Most speciose families from Magnoliophyta include Compositae, Apiaceae, and Rosaceae. Genera such as Artemisia, Potentilla, Viola, and Saussurea contributed the maximum number of species. In case of Pinophyta, the principal families are Pinaceae with four taxa followed by Cupressaceae (2 taxa), whereas genus Juniperus comprised two species. In Pteridophyta, Pteridaceae (2 taxa) formed the most speciose family. The herbs contributed 177 taxa, followed by tress (15 taxa), shrubs (8) and subshrubs (2). The maximum number of taxa belongs to SA (136 taxa) followed by MC (134 taxa) and BP (83 taxa) forests. The species distribution reveals 20, 30, and 46 taxa are exclusive to BP, MC, and SA forests. More than 16% of taxa are categorized in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and 24 taxa are endemic to the Himalayan landscape. The checklist provides a roadmap for research, protection and conservation of plant diversity, especially the threatened taxa.
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Ullah R, Khan N, Ali K. Which factor explains the life-history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient? PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e375. [PMID: 35028495 PMCID: PMC8743363 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive biology acknowledges the concept of better performance by invasive plants in the introduced range. Xanthium strumarium L. is one of the successful invasive species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The phenological pattern, vegetative and reproductive traits plasticity analysis of the species was explored to explain the invasive success across the altitudinal gradient in the current invaded habitats. Phenological patterns and timing (seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, drying, and seed bank) were observed during a full year for two seasons. We also examine plant functional traits at altitudes of 500, 1000, and 1500 m a.s.l. to assess traits and biomass variations. The X. strumarium exhibits late vegetative and reproductive phenology at higher altitudes, enabling them to occupy an empty niche and benefit from decreased competition for resource acquisition. The lower altitude plants show a higher growth rate (stem size increase, number of leaves, and leaf area) due to the higher nutrient availability. Higher altitude plants have the highest reproductive biomass and biomass ratio revealing plant abilities to be reproductively adapted in the higher altitudes. Among climatic variables, mean yearly temperature, mean annual yearly humidity, and mean day length in hours, while in soil variables, organic matter and nitrogen percentage significantly affect the phenological and morphological stages. Therefore, we conclude that X. strumarium can invade higher altitudes with a shift in its phenological and morphological changes making the invasion process successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Ullah
- Department of BotanyUniversity of MalakandChakdaraPakistan
| | - Nasrullah Khan
- Department of BotanyUniversity of MalakandChakdaraPakistan
| | - Kishwar Ali
- School of General EducationCollege of the North Atlantic – QatarDohaQatar
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Wambulwa MC, Milne R, Wu Z, Spicer RA, Provan J, Luo Y, Zhu G, Wang W, Wang H, Gao L, Li D, Liu J. Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10794-10812. [PMID: 34429882 PMCID: PMC8366862 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems support a significant one-third of all terrestrial biodiversity, but our understanding of the spatiotemporal maintenance of this high biodiversity remains poor, or at best controversial. The Himalaya hosts a complex mountain ecosystem with high topographic and climatic heterogeneity and harbors one of the world's richest floras. The high species endemism, together with increasing anthropogenic threats, has qualified the Himalaya as one of the most significant global biodiversity hotspots. The topographic and climatic complexity of the Himalaya makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying the mechanisms of floral exchange, diversification, and spatiotemporal distributions. Here, we review literature pertaining to the Himalaya in order to generate a concise synthesis of the origin, distribution, and climate change responses of the Himalayan flora. We found that the Himalaya supports a rich biodiversity and that the Hengduan Mountains supplied the majority of the Himalayan floral elements, which subsequently diversified from the late Miocene onward, to create today's relatively high endemicity in the Himalaya. Further, we uncover links between this Miocene diversification and the joint effect of geological and climatic upheavals in the Himalaya. There is marked variance regarding species dispersal, elevational gradients, and impact of climate change among plant species in the Himalaya, and our review highlights some of the general trends and recent advances on these aspects. Finally, we provide some recommendations for conservation planning and future research. Our work could be useful in guiding future research in this important ecosystem and will also provide new insights into the maintenance mechanisms underpinning other mountain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses C. Wambulwa
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Department of Life SciencesSchool of Pure and Applied SciencesSouth Eastern Kenya UniversityKituiKenya
| | - Richard Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Zeng‐Yuan Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Robert A. Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaChina
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Jim Provan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Ya‐Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Guang‐Fu Zhu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Wan‐Ting Wang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Lian‐Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Yang M, Lu S, Cao L, Wang X. Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609386. [PMID: 33746912 PMCID: PMC7974767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play a vital role in ecosystems, especially in ecosystem variability, diversity, and function. Understanding the AMF diversity, distribution, and their driver at different altitudinal gradients is a benefit for understanding the ecological function of AMF in mountain ecosystems. In this study, we explored the AMF molecular diversity and their distribution from 660 to 3,500 m a.s.l. in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains based on high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 103 species of AMF are isolated from soil samples, which belong to 18 identified and 1 unidentified genus in 10 families. The fungi in the genus of Glomus is the most dominant, with the occurrence frequency of 100% and the relative abundance of 42.268% and 33.048% on the species and OTU level, respectively. The AMF colonization in root could be simulated by a cubic function with the change of altitudes with the peak and trough at a.s.l. 1,170 and 2,850 m, respectively. Further, AMF diversity indices including Sob, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness also showed the same cubic function change trends with increasing altitude at OTU and species levels. However, the average values of diversity indices at OTU level are always higher than these at the species level. Based on the OTU level, the highest and lowest values of Shannon and Pielou indices are observed at the altitudes of 1,400 and 2,800 m, respectively. The pattern of AMF community distribution in Mt. Taibai is driven by altitude with the characteristics of more abundance in the medium- to low-altitude than high-altitude areas. In general, abundant AMF molecular diversity and species exit in different elevations of Mt. Taibai, which indicate gradient changes with elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Shichuan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Libing Cao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
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