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Motteran F, Varesche MBA, Lara-Martin PA. Assessment of the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of contaminants of emerging concern in sludge using batch reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84946-84961. [PMID: 35789461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the degradation of xenobiotic compounds in aerobic and anaerobic batch reactors. Different inoculums were spiked with nine emerging contaminants at nominal concentrations ranging between 1 to 2 mg/L (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, acesulfame, sucralose, aspartame, cyclamate, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, and secondary alkyl sulfonates). Ethanol was used as co-substrate in the anaerobic reactors. We found that the kinetic decay was faster in the aerobic reactors inoculated with a Spanish (Spn) inoculum compared to a Brazilian (Brz) inoculum, resulting in rection rates for LAS and SAS of 2.67 ± 3.6 h-1 and 5.09 ± 6 h-1 for the Brz reactors, and 1.3 ± 0.1 h-1 and 1.5 ± 0.2 h-1 for the Spn reactors, respectively. There was no evidence of LAS and SAS degradation under anaerobic conditions within 72 days; nonetheless, under aerobic conditions, these surfactants were removed by both the Brz and Spn inoculums (up to 86.2 ± 9.4% and 74.3 ± 0.7%, respectively) within 10 days. The artificial sweeteners were not removed under aerobic conditions, whereas we could observe a steady decrease in the anaerobic reactors containing the Spn inoculum. Ethanol aided in the degradation of surfactants in anaerobic environments. Proteiniphilum, Paraclostridium, Arcobacter, Proteiniclasticum, Acinetobacter, Roseomonas, Aquamicrobium, Moheibacter, Leucobacter, Synergistes, Cyanobacteria, Serratia, and Desulfobulbus were the main microorganisms identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Motteran
- Geosciences Technology Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sanitation Laboratory and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Ave. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PA, Zipcode 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ave Trabalhador São-Carlense, n°. 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, Zipcode 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Cadiz (UCA), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Andalusia, Spain
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Yang J, Duan A, Wang J, Yang X, Liu X, Xiao F, Qin F, Yu Y, Wang D. The fate of diclofenac in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116098. [PMID: 36081265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants. However, the fate of DCF in waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation has not been well-understood so far. This work therefore aims to comprehensively reveal whether and how DCF is transformed in WAS mesophilic anaerobic fermentation through both experimental investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Experimental results showed that ∼28.8% and 45.8% of DCF were respectively degraded during the batch and long-term fermentation processes. Based on the detected intermediates and DFT-predicted active sites, three metabolic pathways, i.e., chlorination, hydroxylation, and dichlorination, responsible for DCF transformation were proposed. DFT calculation also showed that the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the three transformation pathways was respectively 19.0, -4.3, and -19.3 kcal/mol, suggesting that the latter two reactions (i.e., hydroxylation and dichlorination) were thermodynamically favorable. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses revealed that DCF improved the populations of complex organic degradation microbes such as Proteiniclasticum and Tissierellales, which was in accord with the chemical analyses above. This work updates the fundamental understanding of the degradation of DCF in WAS anaerobic fermentation process and enlightens engineers to apply theoretical calculation to the field of sludge treatment or other complex microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Hunan Research Institute for Development, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Xianli Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fanzhi Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yali Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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Gao Y, Suh MJ, Kim JH, Yu G. Imparting Multifunctionality in Zr-MOFs Using the One-Pot Mixed-Linker Strategy: The Effect of Linker Environment and Enhanced Pollutant Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24351-24362. [PMID: 35587119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is an efficient strategy to improve the performance of MOFs. Herein, we successfully integrate tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) into different Zr-MOFs via a facile one-pot solvothermal synthesis while preserving the integrity of their frameworks. The functional groups, length of primary linkers, and the inner pore structure significantly affected the properties of the synthesized TCPP@MOFs, such as surface area, average pore size, and 1O2 productivity. Among them, TCPP@PCN-777 demonstrated the largest surface area (2386 cm2/g, as measured by N2 uptake) and the highest 1O2 generation rate (1.15 h-1, [1O2]ss = 2.66 × 10-12 M) under irradiation. The TCPP loading was also shown to affect the crystal phase, morphology, surface area, and photochemical properties of the synthesized MOFs. Therefore, TCPP@PCN-777s with various TCPP loadings were synthesized to investigate the optimum loading. The optimized TCPP@MOF, TCPP@PCN-777-30, was evaluated for its removal of model contaminant ranitidine (RND) through both adsorption and photodegradation. TCPP@PCN-777-30 showed a higher adsorption capacity toward RND than both the parent MOF (PCN-777) and commercially available activated carbon, and effectively degraded RND in aqueous solution (>99% photodegradation in 1 h). With irradiation, TCPP@PCN-777-30 showed a minimal loss in adsorption efficiency over four consecutive treatment cycles, confirming the reusability of the material enabled through the incorporation of TCPP into the MOF structure. This work not only developed an efficient multifunctional material for environmental remediation but also forwarded knowledge on the effect of linker environment (i.e., functional groups, framework structure, and linker ratio) on the properties of TCPP@MOFs to guide future research on mixed-linker MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Min-Jeong Suh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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The Utilization of a Statistical Program for Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction and Diclofenac Sodium Removal from Aqueous Solutions via Agaricus campestris/Amberlite Styrene Divinylbenzene Biocomposite. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Abbott T, Kor-Bicakci G, Eskicioglu C. Examination of single-stage anaerobic and anoxic/aerobic and dual-stage anaerobic-anoxic/aerobic digestion to remove pharmaceuticals from municipal biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148237. [PMID: 34126479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many trace contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including a number of pharmaceutically active compounds are not effectively removed during conventional wastewater treatment processes and instead accumulate in wastewater sludge. Unfortunately, many existing sludge stabilization treatments such as anaerobic digestion (AD) also have limited effectiveness against many of these CECs including the four pharmaceuticals ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and azithromycin which can then enter the environment through the disposal or land application of biosolids. Single-stage AD, single-stage cycling aerobic-anoxic (AERO/ANOX) and sequential digesters (AD followed by an AERO/ANOX digester) at sludge retention times (SRT) of 5 to 20-days were evaluated side-by-side to assess their effectiveness in removing pharmaceuticals and conventional organic matter. Single-stage ADs (35 °C) and AERO/ANOX (22 °C) digesters effectively removed total solids while sequential AD + AERO/ANOX digesters offered further improvements. Ibuprofen was not effectively removed during AD and resulted in up to a 23 ± 8% accumulation. However, ibuprofen was completely removed during AERO/ANOX digestion and in several sequential digestion scenarios. Each type of digestion was less effective against carbamazepine with slight (3 ± 2%) accumulations to low levels (14 ± 1%) of removals in each type of digestion studied. Diclofenac was more effectively removed with up 30 ± 3% to 39 ± 4% reductions in the single-stage digesters (AD and AERO/ANOX, respectively). While sequential digestion scenarios with the longest aerobic SRTs significantly increased diclofenac removals from their first-stage digesters, scenarios with the longest anaerobic SRTs actually decreased removals from first-stage digesters, possibly due to reversible biotransformation of diclofenac conjugates/metabolites. Up to 43 ± 6% of azithromycin was removed in AERO/ANOX digesters, while the best performing sequential-digester scenario removed up to 63 ± 7% of azithromycin. This study shows that different digester configurations can reduce the CEC burden in biosolids while also greatly reducing their volumes for disposal, although none can remove CECs completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Abbott
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Gokce Kor-Bicakci
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Cigdem Eskicioglu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Hube S, Wu B. Mitigation of emerging pollutants and pathogens in decentralized wastewater treatment processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146545. [PMID: 33752021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (such as micropollutants, microplastics) and pathogens present in wastewater are of rising concern because their release can affect the natural environment and drinking water resources. In this decade, with increasing numbers of small-scale decentralized wastewater systems globally, the status of emerging pollutant and pathogen mitigation in the decentralized wastewater treatment processes has received more attention. This state-of-the-art review aims to discuss the mitigation efficiencies and mechanisms of micropollutants, microplastics, and pathogens in single-stage and hybrid decentralized wastewater treatment processes. The reviewed results revealed that hybrid wastewater treatment facilities could display better performance compared to stand-alone facilities. This is because the multiple treatment steps could offer various microenvironments, allowing incorporating several mitigation mechanisms (such as sorption, degradation, filtration, etc.) to remove complicated emerging pollutants and pathogens. The factors (such as system operation conditions, environmental conditions, wastewater matrix) influencing the removals of emerging pollutants from wastewater in these systems have been further identified. Nevertheless, it was found that very limited research work focused on synergised or conflicted effects of operation conditions on various emerging pollutants naturally present in the wastewater. Meanwhile, effective, reliable, and rapid analysis of the emerging pollutants and pathogens in the complicated wastewater matrix is still a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hube
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Al-Khazrajy OSA, Abdallh M. Sorption and degradation of ranitidine in soil: Leaching potential assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127495. [PMID: 32623203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been categorized as emerging contaminants that may be hazardous to the environment. To assess their environmental risk, understanding their fate and behaviour is highly needed, particularly in soil where little is known. This study investigated sorption, degradation and mobility potential of ranitidine (RAN) from soil to groundwater in two soils with different physicochemical properties. Sorption resulted in data were found to fit well to isotherm models following the order: linear model > Freundlich > Langmuir with R2 of up to 0.98. RAN showed low sorption affinity to soils with maximum adsorption coefficient (Kd) of 21.47 L kg-1. Physicochemical properties for soil and RAN showed insignificant positive correlation to Kd values except the sand%, which showed significant negative correlation. Degradation of RAN was fitted to the first order exponential decay model with minimum DT50 (time for a 50% dissipation in RAN concentration) values of 31.6 d under non-sterile conditions. Prolonged DT50 of 62.4 d was obtained in soils from sterile treatments indicating the microbial activity role in dissipation of RAN process. To predict potential leaching of RAN in soil, this study experimentally obtained values of Kd, Koc and DT50 were implemented in mathematical screening models. Results showed different but moderate leaching potential of RAN in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S A Al-Khazrajy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mustafa Abdallh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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