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Venugopal V, Damavarapu N, Shanmugam R, Latha PK. Occupational heat exposure and its impact on kidney health among cashew workers. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-02022-6. [PMID: 39068375 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-02022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising temperatures increase workers' risk of heat-related illnesses due to heat stress (HS). Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is rising in non-agricultural workers in hot climates. Dehydration, heat stress, and physical exertion can damage cashew workers' kidney health. METHODS In 2020-2021, 262 cashew workers in Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu were assessed for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), and job-specific American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists standard was used to evaluate workload. "High heat-exposed" meant heat stress exceeded the Threshold Limit Value for safe manual work (27.5 °C for heavy and 28 °C for moderate physical activity). Heat Strain Indicators (HSIs) such as Tympanic Temperature (Ttemp), Sweat Rate (SwR), Urine Specific Gravity (USG), and urine dipstick parameters were measured in all workers, however serum creatinine was measured only in 100 workers. Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. A standardized questionnaire assessed heat-related health symptoms. RESULTS Over 65% of workers experienced wet bulb globe temperature exposures exceeding the threshold limit value (Avg.- wet bulb globe temperature 30.4 °C ± 1.8 °C). Ninety-five percent of heat-exposed workers experienced at least one of the physiological heat strain indicators. The risk of urogenital symptoms was 7.7 times greater among high-heat-exposed workers (95% CI 3.4-17.1), which corroborates well with the measured post shift urine specific gravity (37%). Despite controlling for relevant confounders (age & gender), high-heat-exposed workers had 3.5-fold higher odds of eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared to less-exposed workers (95% CI 1.1-10.6). CONCLUSION Persistent heat stress promotes heat-related disorders in cashew workers and lowers eGFR. This needs further investigation to determine its longer term effects on kidney function. Workplace cooling solutions that reduce heat stress are critically needed to protect the kidneys and ensure occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Venugopal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No: 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
| | - Nikitha Damavarapu
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No: 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Rekha Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No: 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Perumal Kamalakkannan Latha
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No: 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
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Wirjopranoto S, Azmi YA, Sugianto R, Soetanto KM. Big bladder stone accompanied by big posterior urethral stone: A management of rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 120:109853. [PMID: 38878727 PMCID: PMC11226951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Urinary tract stones are a common disease, but concurrent large-size stones in the bladder and urethra are rare. This phenomenon can lead to obstruction, infection, and other complications. We reported the management of a rare case of a giant bladder stone accompanied by a big posterior urethral stone. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old man with a chief complaint of not being able to have spontaneous micturition, frequent expulsion of stones from the penis, and a history of hematuria. Bladder examination revealed a giant bladder stone of 1278 Hounsfield Unit (HU) with a size of 4.1 × 7.2 cm, and urethral examination revealed a stone of 1275 Hounsfield Unit (HU) with a length of 4.3 × 4.2 cm, without mass. This patient underwent vesicolithotomy and urethrotomy. The evaluation showed spontaneous micturition and dissolved hydronephrosis. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Urinary tract stone management primarily involves endourology or open surgery. For smaller stones (<5-6 mm), medication is sufficient, as they often pass spontaneously. Larger stones may require interventions like vesicolithotomy or urethrotomy. Vesicolithotomy is preferred for complex or large bladder stones, while urethrotomy is performed if the stone location is palpable or seen on imaging. These procedures are practical options for general surgeons in first-level hospitals. CONCLUSION Concurrent large bladder and urethral stones are uncommon. Endourology or open surgery is typically employed. Treatment selection should be personalized to individual patient assessment to mitigate potential complications effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soetojo Wirjopranoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Yufi Aulia Azmi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Sugianto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Prof. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Muliawan Soetanto
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rahimi M, Fatemi F, Rezaei Mohammdi Z. Impacts of climate change on occupational health indicators in the three climatic regions of Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:535-546. [PMID: 36548924 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the exposure risk of workers to occupational health risk factors and diseases. This study aims to investigate the impacts of climate change on the occupational health indicators at the workplaces in Iran. This study was conducted during 2021 in three climatic regions of Iran. Required data was collected from Health Deputies of Medical Universities and Iran Meteorological Organization. Stepwise linear regression model used for data analysis and predictions were done based on three scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 during the period of 2021-2100. This indicated 2.6 and 2.9 times higher percentage of workers who were exposed to heat stress and Ultra Violet (UV) radiation, respectively, in the provinces understudy. This study suggests a holistic approach to address potential impacts of climate change on workers' health and safety that would benefit in making decisions on climate-related planning and developing the adaptation strategies at workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farin Fatemi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Zand S, Motlagh MS, Golmohammadi R, Aliabadi M, Tapak L, Babamiri M. Effects of wearing medical gowns at different temperatures on the physiological responses of female healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2024; 78:601-612. [PMID: 38339951 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological responses of female HCWs when using two typical medical gowns at different temperatures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Twenty healthy female HCWs participated in this study. Participants wore two types of medical gowns: Spunbond gown (SG) and laminate gown (LG). They walked on a treadmill in a controlled climate chamber for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (24, 28, and 32°C). Heart rate (HR), skin surface temperature (ST), clothing surface temperature (CT), ear temperature (ET), blood oxygen percentage (SaO2), galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure were measured before and after walking on a treadmill. The study's results were analyzed using SPSS26. RESULTS The study found that LG led to an average increase of 0.575°C in CT compared to SG at the same temperatures (P < 0.03). The average HR increased by 6.5 bpm in LG at 28°C compared to SG at a comfortable temperature (P = 0.01). The average ET in SG and GSR in LG at 32°C increased by 0.39°C and 0.25μS, respectively, compared to the comfortable temperature (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION The study recommends maintaining a comfortable temperature range in hospitals to prevent physiological challenges among HCWs wearing medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19. This is important because using LG, compared to SG, at high temperatures can increase HR, ET, CT, and GSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Zand
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Shafiee Motlagh
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rostam Golmohammadi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliabadi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babamiri
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Maline GE, Goldfarb DS. Climate change and kidney stones. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:89-96. [PMID: 37725125 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Kidney stones affect an increasing proportion of the population. We suggest that these trends are in part influenced by exposure to higher temperatures as a result of climate change and urbanization. The changing epidemiology of kidney stones is a topic worthy of discussion due to the economic and healthcare burden the condition poses as well as the quality-of-life disruption faced by individuals with kidney stones. RECENT FINDINGS The relationship between heat and kidney stones is well supported. Exposure to high temperatures has been shown to increase risk for stone development within a short time frame. Effects are modified by factors such as sex, comorbid conditions, and population vulnerability and adaptability. Urban heat islands (UHIs) likely exaggerate the effect of increasing global surface temperature. The concentration of UHIs often coincides with historic redlining practices in the United States, potentially contributing to observed disparities in kidney health among minoritized populations. As global surface temperature increases and urbanization trends continue, a greater proportion of the world's population is exposed to significant temperature extremes each year, leading to the expectation that kidney stone prevalence will continue to increase. SUMMARY This work describes the effect of increasing global surface temperature as a result of climate change on kidney stone disease and kidney health. These effects may result in further perpetuation of significant kidney stone related social disparities. We suggest strategies to mitigate the effects of heat exposure on stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Goldfarb
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine
- Nephrology Division, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Nephrology Section Harbor VA Healthcare System, New York, New York, USA
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Shanmugam R, Latha PK, Venugopal V. Comparison of women's heat risk profiles among those working in indoor and outdoor sectors. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2023; 78:357-368. [PMID: 37881951 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2023.2272733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and heat events may affect workers, especially women, by increasing the risk of Heat Related Illnesses (HRIs). We conducted a cross-sectional study among 903 women in outdoor and indoor sectors. We measured Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and physiological Heat Strain Indicators (HSI), as well as self-reported symptoms of HRIs using a HOTHAPS questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic Regression models were used to compare the heat risks. WBGT exposures were high in both the outdoor (Avg. WBGT = 28.8 °C ± 2.4 °C) and indoor (Avg. WBGT = 28.7 °C ± 3.5 °C) sectors. Outdoor Women Workers (OWW) reported higher HRI symptoms (94%vs.81%), and heat exposures were positively correlated with HRIs (AOR: 3.7; 95%CI: 2.4-6.1). OWW showed a 1.5-fold higher risk of measured HSI above safe limits (95%CI: 1.1-2.1) and a 2.1-fold higher risk of urogenital issues (95%CI: 2.1-3.8) than Indoor Women Workers (IWW). Due to direct sun exposure, intensive labor, and a lack of welfare facilities, OWW has a higher HRI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - P K Latha
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Venugopal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Debela MB, Begosaw AM, Deyessa N, Azage M. The Burdens of Occupational Heat Exposure-related Symptoms and Contributing Factors Among Workers in Sugarcane Factories in Ethiopia: Heat Stress Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Meter. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:325-331. [PMID: 37822459 PMCID: PMC10562153 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress is a harmful physical hazard in many occupational settings. However, consequences of occupational heat exposure among workers in a sugarcane factory in Ethiopia are not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational heat exposure-related symptoms and contributing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, five workstations were selected for temperature measurement. Heat stress levels were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature index meter. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,524 participants. Heat-related symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results The level of occupational heat exposure was 72.4% (95% CI: 70.2%-74.8%), while 71.6% (95% CI: 69.3%-74.9%) of participants experienced at least one symptom related to heat stress. The most common heat-related symptoms were swelling of hands and feet (78%), severe thirst (77.8%) and dry mouth (77.4%). The identified risk factors were a lack of reflective shields (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.17), not-enclosed extreme heat sources (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.51), a lack of access to shade (AOR: 9.62, 95% CI: 6.20, 14.92), and inappropriate protective clothing provision (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.71). Conclusions The burden of occupational heat exposure and heat-induced symptoms was high. Lack of reflective shields, the absence of enclosed extreme heat sources, a lack of access to shade, and inappropriate protective clothing provision were considerable attributes of heat stress. Therefore, the use of mechanical solutions to stop heat emissions at their sources and the key factors identified were areas for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku B. Debela
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Achenef M. Begosaw
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis-Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Azage
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
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Wang J, Jiang C, Yang G, Bai G, Yu S. Study on thermal health and its safety management mode for the working environment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227630. [PMID: 37670839 PMCID: PMC10475595 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal health concerns have gained significant attention due to the heightened health risks faced by workers who are exposed to extreme thermal environments for prolonged periods. To ensure the occupational health and safety of such workers, and to enhance work efficiency, it is imperative to examine the characteristics of thermal health in the working environment. This study proposes three key elements of thermal health in the working environment, namely thermal health states, absence of heat-related illnesses, and heat adaptability, which can be used to develop a safety management framework for thermal health. By exploring the interconnections between these elements, the study summarizes their features and outlines the necessary precautions to safeguard them. The PDCA (plan/do/check/action) cycle management mode is utilized as a framework, with the three components of thermal health forming the core, to establish a safety management mode for thermal health. To ensure that employees work in a safe, healthy, comfortable, and productive environment, the assessment and control objectives of the thermal environment are regularly revised through the use of labor protection technology and thermal environment control technology. This paper presents a PDCA cycle safety management mode based on the characteristics of thermal health, which offers novel insights and approaches for assessing and managing workers' thermal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Shixuan Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
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Venugopal V, Lennqvist R, Latha PK, Shanmugam R, Krishnamoorthy M, Selvaraj N, Balakrishnan R, Omprashant R, Purty AJ, Bazroy J, Glaser J, Jakobsson K. Occupational Heat Stress and Kidney Health in Salt Pan Workers. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1363-1372. [PMID: 37441492 PMCID: PMC10334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Work in heat affects millions of workers. Although kidney function in agricultural workers is increasingly researched, nonagricultural studies are scarce. In coastal salt pans, the absence of occupational exposures to pesticides and other toxicants allows assessment of heat stress alone. Methods Seven Indian salt pans were surveyed from 2017 to 2020. Job-specific workload was assessed. Heat stress was characterized as exceeding the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)-threshold limit value (TLV) for high and moderate workloads. Preshift and postshift heart rates (HRs), tympanic temperatures, and urine specific gravity (USG) were measured for 352 workers, as were sweat rates (SwR), serum creatinine (SCr), serum uric acid, and urine dipstick. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; ml/min per 1.73 m2) was computed. Heat-strain symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. Results The mean WBGT was 30.5 ± 1.3 °C (summer) and 27.8 ± 1.9 °C (winter). Water intake during the workday was low, median was one Litre, and most workers (87%) exceeded the TLV for heat stress. Dehydration-related symptoms were frequent in those with high-heat stress, as were cross-shift increases in temperature (≥1°C; 15%), a high USG (≥1.020; 28%), and a high SwR (≥1 l/h; 53%). An eGFR of 60 to 89 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was observed in 41% of all workers examined, and 7% had eGFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The odds ratio for eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in workers exceeding the TLV, compared to workers below this limit, adjusted for age and gender was 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3-6.4). Conclusion Workplace interventions to prevent heat stress and dehydration in the salt pans and other at-risk industries are urgently required. The findings strengthen the notion that high-heat stress and limited hydration is a risk factor for kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Venugopal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Robin Lennqvist
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - PK Latha
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Manikandan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Rajagurusamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - R. Omprashant
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anil Jacob Purty
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Joy Bazroy
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- La Isla Network, Washington, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Kidney Stone Prevention. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:555-569. [PMID: 36906146 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease (KSD) (alternatively nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) is a global health care problem that affects almost people in developed and developing countries. Its prevalence has been continuously increasing with a high recurrence rate after stone removal. Although effective therapeutic modalities are available, preventive strategies for both new and recurrent stones are required to reduce physical and financial burdens of KSD. To prevent kidney stone formation, its etiology and risk factors should be first considered. Low urine output and dehydration are the common risks of all stone types, whereas hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia are the major risks of calcium stones. In this article, up-to-date knowledge on strategies (nutrition-based mainly) to prevent KSD is provided. Important roles of fluid intake (2.5-3.0 L/d), diuresis (>2.0-2.5 L/d), lifestyle and habit modifications (for example, maintain normal body mass index, fluid compensation for working in high-temperature environment, and avoid cigarette smoking), and dietary management [for example, sufficient calcium at 1000-1200 mg/d, limit sodium at 2 or 3-5 g/d of sodium chloride (NaCl), limit oxalate-rich foods, avoid vitamin C and vitamin D supplements, limit animal proteins to 0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight/d but increase plant proteins in patients with calcium and uric acid stone and those with hyperuricosuria, increase proportion of citrus fruits, and consider lime powder supplementation] are summarized. Moreover, uses of natural bioactive products (for example, caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, and diosmin), medications (for example, thiazides, alkaline citrate, other alkalinizing agents, and allopurinol), bacterial eradication, and probiotics are also discussed. Adv Nutr 2023;x:xx-xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Sun H, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang L, Tao M, Wang Y, Yang J, Lei Y, Jin C, Zhao S, Hu Y, Hu H. High ambient temperature increases the number of emergency visits for upper urolithiasis in Hefei City, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12856. [PMID: 36711317 PMCID: PMC9876836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined the effect of ambient temperature on upper urolithiasis in developing countries, with even fewer considering individual factors. Methods The present study analyzed data on emergency department visits for upper urolithiasis from three hospital sites of a large hospital in Hefei, China, during 2016-2020. Data on environmental factors during the same period were also analyzed. A time series analysis employing a generalized Poisson regression model (GPRM) combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on the number of emergency department visits for upper urolithiasis. Results We found that ambient temperatures above 9 °C were positively associated with the frequency of upper urolithiasis visits, with the relationship being most significant on the current day and with a one-day lag. In the single-day lag effect, the most significant relative risk (RR) for mild heat (75th percentile) and high heat (95th percentile) was 1.229 (95% CI: 1.100-1.373) and 1.337 (95% CI: 1.134-1.577), respectively. The cumulative lag effect was significantly higher than the single-day lag effect, with maximum relative risks (RRs) of 1.779 (95% CI: 1.356-2.335) and 2.498 (95% CI: 1.688-3.697), respectively. The maximum lag time was 7 days. RRs were also higher among women and individuals aged 30-44 years. Conclusions Increased ambient temperature is a risk factor for upper urolithiasis, and there is a hysteresis effect. Women and individuals aged 30-44 years are the most susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Sun
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Min Tao
- Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Jidan Yang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Changqing Jin
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Huaqing Hu
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China,Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China,Corresponding author. Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
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Lu IC, Yang CC, Huang CH, Chen SY, Lin CW, Lin CH, Chuang HY. The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15720. [PMID: 36497793 PMCID: PMC9738220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Workers in high-temperature workplaces with inadequate water supply may exhibit symptoms of chronic dehydration and have increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of radiolucent stone formation among workers in a high-temperature workplace and the related risk factors associated with the condition. We collected data from 1681 workers in a steel factory in Southern Taiwan who underwent regular health examinations. Radiolucent stones were defined as positive findings on ultrasound with negative radiographic images. The prevalences of nephrolithiasis and radiolucent stones in this study were 12.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Heat exposure and age were two major risk factors influencing the probability of radiolucent stones. We combined the age and heat exposure into four groups (over and under 35 years of age with and without heat exposure) in a logistic regression. For workers younger than 35 years, the odds ratio of radiolucent stones was 2.695 (95% confidence interval: 1.201-6.049) in workers with heat exposure compared to workers without. Our investigation further demonstrated that heat exposure was a main risk factor for radiolucent stone formation. In conclusion, our identification of heat exposure as an independent factor for radiolucent stone development in steel workers highlights the need for attention to be paid to those working in similar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, and Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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Ferrari GN, Leal GCL, Thom de Souza RC, Galdamez EVC. Impact of climate change on occupational health and safety: A review of methodological approaches. Work 2022; 74:485-499. [PMID: 36314181 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The working population is exposed daily to unavoidable climatic conditions due to their occupational settings. Effects of the weather such as rain, heat, and air pollution may increase the risk of diseases, injuries, accidents, and even death during labor. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to summarize the impacts of climate change on workers' health, safety and performance, identifying the risks, affected workplaces and the range of methodological approaches used to assess this problem. METHODS A thorough systematic mapping was conducted in seven scientific international databases: Emerald, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. Three research questions guided the extraction process resulting in 170 articles regarding the impacts of climate change on occupational health and safety. RESULTS We found an accentuated trend in observational studies applying primary and secondary data collection. Many studies focused on the association between rising temperatures and occupational hazards, mainly in outdoor work settings such as agriculture. The variation of temperature was the most investigated impact of climate change. CONCLUSIONS We established a knowledge base on how to explore the impacts of climate change on workers' well-being and health. Researchers and policymakers benefit from this review, which explores the suitable methods found in the literature and highlights the most recurring risks and their consequences to occupational health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Neto Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Camila Lapasini Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin Vladimir Cardoza Galdamez
- Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Production Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Aoun M, Chelala D. Where do you live and what do you do? Two questions that might impact your kidney health. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:1011964. [PMID: 37675017 PMCID: PMC10479685 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.1011964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In many cases the social determinants of health need to be assessed through their interaction with environmental factors. This review looks at the impact of physical location and occupation of individuals on their kidney health. It examines the effect of living at high altitude on kidney function and the relationship between extreme cold or hot temperatures and the incidence of kidney injury. It reviews as well the many occupations that have been linked to kidney disease in high-income and low-and-middle-income countries. As a conclusion, this overview proposes preventive recommendations that could be individualized based on weather, altitude, socio-economic level of the country and occupation of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Aoun
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Qin RX, Velin L, Yates EF, El Omrani O, McLeod E, Tudravu J, Samad L, Woodward A, McClain CD. Building sustainable and resilient surgical systems: A narrative review of opportunities to integrate climate change into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100407. [PMID: 35243461 PMCID: PMC8881731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Five billion people lack access to surgical care worldwide; climate change is the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. This review studies how climate change could be integrated into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region. We searched databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Global Health) for articles on climate change and surgical care. Findings were categorised using the modified World Health Organisation Health System Building Blocks Framework. 220 out of 2577 records were included. Infrastructure: Operating theatres are highly resource-intensive. Their carbon footprint could be reduced by maximising equipment longevity, improving energy efficiency, and renewable energy use. Service delivery Tele-medicine, outreaches, and avoiding desflurane could reduce emissions. Robust surgical systems are required to adapt to the increasing burden of surgically treated diseases, such as injuries from natural disasters. Finance: Climate change adaptation funds could be mobilised for surgical system strengthening. Information systems: Sustainability should be a key performance indicator for surgical systems. Workforce: Surgical providers could change clinical, institutional, and societal practices. Governance: Planning in surgical care and climate change should be aligned. Climate change mitigation is essential in the regional surgical care scale-up; surgical system strengthening is also necessary for adaptation to climate change.
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Key Words
- CO2, Carbon dioxide
- Climate change
- DALY, Disability-adjusted life year
- FEMAT, Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team
- GHG, Greenhouse gas
- HICs, High-income countries
- HVAC, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
- IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- LCA, Life-cycle analysis
- LCoGS, Lancet Commission on Global Surgery
- LED, Light-emitting diode
- LMICs, Low- and middle-income countries
- NSOAP, National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anaesthesia Plan
- National health planning
- Natural disasters
- OR, Operating Room
- SOA, Surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia
- SUD, Single-use device
- Surgical system strengthening
- WASH, Water, sanitation, and hygiene
- Western pacific
- kgCO2e, Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie X. Qin
- The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lotta Velin
- Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology (KMC), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Johannes Magnus väg 11, Linköping 583 30, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth F. Yates
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Omnia El Omrani
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramsis Street, Abbassia Square, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth McLeod
- Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jemesa Tudravu
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services of Fiji, Dinem House, 88 Amy St, Suva, Fiji
| | - Lubna Samad
- Center for Essential Surgical and Acute Care, IRD Global, 4th Floor, Woodcraft Building, Plot 3 & 3-A, Sector 47, Korangi Creek Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Ave, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Craig D. McClain
- The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sharma M, Suri NM, Kant S. Analyzing occupational heat stress using sensor-based monitoring: a wearable approach with environmental ergonomics perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 19:11421-11434. [PMID: 35106066 PMCID: PMC8794599 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Occupational heat stress could impose a greater risk of heat-related morbidities among the exposed users, declining their work productivity and contributing to a financial burden. This necessitate the implementation of adequate preventive measures and control policies to improve the users' well-being and productive capacity. The emergence of modernistic sensors gives rise to workplace heat stress monitoring at a substantially lower cost than expensive conventional equipment. Present work unveils the productive role of sensor-based safety helmet, which could monitor the environmental variables, heat stress indices, and users' physiological variables as an indicator of heat strain. The proposed safety helmet was tested under three different work environments with users' engaged in specific work activities. Notable variations were perceived among the measured data under respective work conditions and physical activity performed. Higher heat risk exposures were attributable to the outdoor condition compared to indoor work conditions. For wet bulb globe temperature index, strong association (p-value < 0.01) was observed with fighter index of thermal stress (R 2-value = 0.959) followed by discomfort index (R 2-value = 0.899) and heat index (R 2-value = 0.867). Results revealed a rise in measured physiological parameters under the heavy workload activity (shoveling task; outdoor location) followed by hacksaw cutting task (indoor location), while least values were associated with light workload activity (drilling task; indoor location). The proposed design intervention could be considered an effective site-specific solution for monitoring heat stress exposures and keeping exposed users well aware of the prevalent thermal work conditions at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sharma
- Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed To Be University), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - N. M. Suri
- Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed To Be University), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - S. Kant
- Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed To Be University), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Nainggolan G, Soemarko D, Siregar P, Sutranto AL, Bardosono S, Prijanti AR, Aulia D. Diagnostic role of urine specific gravity to detect kidney impairment on heat-exposed workers in a shoe factory in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047328. [PMID: 34588241 PMCID: PMC8483020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, there are increasing cases of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin among heat-exposed workers. We aimed to see the kidney damages of indoor heat-exposed workers and whether urine specific gravity can predict any kidney damages. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING A shoe-making factory in West Java, Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS 119 subjects were included. Minimum total sample size was 62. Subjects were indoor heat-exposed workers who were exposed to occupational wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) of 28°C-30°C for 8 hours daily with 1 hour break, 5 days a week. The inclusion criterion was healthy subjects according to the result from annual medical check-up in 2019. The exclusion criteria were subjects who were taking vitamins and/or supplements that might cause disturbance in urine specific gravity and/or hydration status, pregnant and fasting. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of urine specific gravity for the detection of urinary nephrin and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were analysed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and quantitative albuminuria were also measured. RESULTS WBGT in the work area of the subject was 28°C-30°C. There were 15 (12.6%) subjects who had eGFR <90 mL/min, but ≥60 mL/min. High serum vasopressin levels were found in 79 subjects with a mean of 6.54 (95% CI 5.94 to 7.14) ng/mL. Most subjects had nephrinuria (87.4%) with preserved renal function (87.4%). Several subjects had elevated urinary KIM-1 (10.9%) and albuminuria (7.6%). AUC of urine specific gravity for increased urinary nephrin was 81.7% (95% CI 68.8% to 94.6%) and statistically significant (p<0.001). Cut-off value of ≥1.018 for urine specific gravity has sensitivity of 71.2% and specificity of 80% for detecting elevation of urinary nephrin levels. CONCLUSION Urine specific gravity with a cut-off value of ≥1.018 could be used to detect nephrinuria among heat-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginova Nainggolan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Soemarko
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Parlindungan Siregar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Lydia Sutranto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saptawati Bardosono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ani Retno Prijanti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Aulia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sanitation access, behavior, and practices and their health and social implications for on-duty female police officials — a perceptional study in South India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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19
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Venugopal V, Latha PK, Shanmugam R, Krishnamoorthy M, Omprashanth R, Lennqvist R, Johnson P. Epidemiological evidence from south Indian working population-the heat exposures and health linkage. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:177-186. [PMID: 32892212 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changing climate and rising temperatures are predicted to affect millions of workers due to heat stress risks, especially in tropical settings. We used a cross-sectional study design to profile the heat exposures of ~1500 workers from eight-industrial sectors using a QuesTemp wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) monitor, quantified the heat-strain indicators viz., rise in Core Body Temperature (CBT), Sweat Rate (SwR), and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) by standard methods and evaluated the health impacts of heat stress using a structured questionnaire. Heat exposures (Avg.WBGT: 28.4 ± 2.6 °C) exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for 70% of workers and was significantly associated with the rise in CBT >1 °C in 11.3% and elevated USG >1.020 in 10.5% of the workers. The heat-exposed workers had 2.3 times higher odds of reporting adverse health outcomes (84%) compared to the unexposed workers (95% CI: 1.74-3.19; p value ≤ 0.0001). Mild reduction in kidney function observed in 49% of salt - pan workers, and a high prevalence of kidney stones (33%) among the 91 steelworkers subjected to kidney ultrasound had a significant association with chronic high WBGT exposure above the TLV (p value < 0.034). Further, in-depth assessments are warranted to develop strategies for interventions and protective labor policies to avert adverse occupational health and productivity consequences for millions of workers globally, especially in the rising temperature scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Venugopal
- Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P K Latha
- Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rekha Shanmugam
- Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Krishnamoorthy
- Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Omprashanth
- Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Robin Lennqvist
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Priscilla Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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