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Qian F, Liu Y, He L, Dong Z, Chen M, Liu W. Metagenomic insights into microbial metabolic mechanisms of a combined solid-phase denitrification and anammox process for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121797. [PMID: 38996605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the significant challenges associated with nitrite supply and nitrate residues in mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based processes, this study developed a combined solid-phase denitrification (SPD) and anammox process for low-strength nitrogen removal without the addition of nitrite. The SPD step was performed in a packed-bed reactor containing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyroxyvelate (PHBV) prior to employing the anammox granular sludge reactor in the continuous-flow mode. The removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen reached 95.7 ± 1.2% under a nitrogen loading rate of 0.18 ± 0.01 kg N·m3·d-1, and it required 1.02 mol of nitrate to remove 1 mol of ammonium nitrogen. The PHBV particles not only served as biofilm carriers for the symbiosis of hydrolytic bacteria (HB) and denitrifying bacteria (DB), but also carbon sources that facilitated the coupling of partial denitrification and anammox in the granules. Metagenomic sequencing analysis indicated that Burkholderiales was the most abundant HB genus in SPD. The metabolic correlations between DB (Betaproteobacteria, Rhodocyclaceae, and Anaerolineae) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadiac and Kuenenia) in the granules were confirmed through microbial co-occurrence networks analysis and functional gene annotations. Additionally, the genes encoding nitrate reductase (Nap) and nitrite reductase (Nir) in DB primarily facilitated nitrate reduction, thereby supplying nitric oxide to anammox bacteria for subsequent nitrogen removal with hydrazine synthase (Hzs) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (Hdh). The findings provide insights into microbial metabolism within combined SPD and anammox processes, thus advancing the development of mainstream anammox-based processes in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zangyuan Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolin Chen
- Suzhou N&P Environmental Technology, Co., LTD, No. 6 Taishan Road, Suzhou, 215129, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu L, Qi WK, Zhang L, Zhang SJ, Ni SQ, Peng Y, Wang C. Treatment of low-C/N nitrate wastewater using a partial denitrification-anammox granule system: Granule reconstruction, stability, and microbial structure analyses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121760. [PMID: 38981264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater discharged into sewer systems is often characterized by high nitrate contents and low C/N ratios, resulting in high treatment costs when using conventional activated sludge methods. This study introduces a partial denitrification-anammox (PD/A) granular process to address this challenge. The PD/A granular process achieved an effluent TN level of 3.7 mg/L at a low C/N ratio of 2.3. Analysis of a typical cycle showed that the partial denitrification peaked within 15 min and achieved a nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio of 86.9%. Anammox, which was activated from 15 to 120 min, contributed 86.2% of the TN removal. The system exhibited rapid recovery from post-organic shock, which was attributed to significant increases in protein content within TB-EPS. Microbial dispersion and reassembly were observed after coexistence of the granules, with Thauera (39.12%) and Candidatus Brocadia (1.25%) identified as key functional microorganisms. This study underscores the efficacy of PD/A granular sludge technology for treating low-C/N nitrate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei-Kang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shu-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Guo Y, Guo L, Jin C, Zhao Y, Gao M, Ji J, She Z, Giesy JP. Comparison of primary and secondary sludge carbon sources derived from hydrolysis or acidogenesis for nitrate reduction and denitrification kinetics: Organics utilization and microbial community shift. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113403. [PMID: 35525291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seeking available and economical carbon sources for denitrification process is an intractable issue for wastewater treatment. However, no study compared different types of waste sludge as carbon source from denitrification mechanism, organics utilization and microbial community aspects. In this study, primary and secondary sludge were pretreated by thermophilic bacteria (TB), and its hydrolysis or acidogenic liquid were prepared as carbon sources for denitrification. At C/N of 8-3, the variations of NO3--N and NO2--N were profiled in typical cycles and denitrification kinetics was analyzed. Primary sludge achieved a competitive NOX-N removal efficiency with less dosage than secondary sludge. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was introduced to analyze organic composition from functional-group perspective and the utilization of organic matters in different sludge carbon sources was investigated. To further analyze the microbial community shift in different denitrification systems, high-throughput sequencing technology was applied. Results showed that denitrifier Thauera, belonging to Proteobacteria, was predominant, and primary sludge acidogenic liquid enriched Thauera most intensively with relative abundance of 47.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Educatin, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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4
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Li X, Peng Y, Zhang J, Du R. Multiple roles of complex organics in polishing THP-AD filtrate with double-line anammox: Inhibitory relief and bacterial selection. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118373. [PMID: 35366495 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox process has been widely regarded as an energy-efficient method for sludge digestion filtrate treatment. However, the complex high-strength organics in the filtrate, especially of Anaerobic Digestion after Thermal Hydrolysis Pretreatment (THP-AD), brings serious threat to anammox bacteria, and the high nitrate residue in effluent remains another significant barrier in operation. In this study, a novel double-line anammox-mediated system, integrating the Partial Nitrification/Anammox (PNA) with Partial Denitrification/Anammox (PDA) processes in separately sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), was developed to polish the THP-AD filtrate. When the real THP-AD filtrate (1946.5 mg NH4+-N/L, 2076.0 mg COD/L) was fed to the front PNA reactor (SBRPNA) with 5-fold dilution, effluent total nitrogen (TN) remained at 93.0 mg/L. Notably, the final effluent TN was effectively polished to as low as 8.8 mg/L by the following PDA reactor (SBRPDA), which was fed with the SBRPNA effluent and real domestic wastewater (71.0 mg NH4+-N/L, 209.1 mg COD/L). More severe inhibition on anammox activity was observed in SBRPNA rather than SBRPDA by refractory organics in filtrate. Fortunately, it could be alleviated with the enhanced degradability of particulate organics and aromatic protein-like compounds, attributed to the enrichment of class Anaerolineae in both SBRPNA and SBRPDA. This further stimulated the electron donor supply for PDA process with much lower external carbon source demand. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia as dominant anammox bacteria were efficiently enriched in both SBRPNA and SBRPDA, indicating its unexpected toughness and adaptability to the complex organic compounds in THP-AD filtrate. Overall, this study suggested that the novel double-line anammox would be a promising alternative for cost-efficient nitrogen removal from high-strength wastewater containing complex organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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5
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Xie T, Zeng Z, Li L. Achieving partial denitrification using organic matter in brewery wastewater as carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126849. [PMID: 35158032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To find a cost-effective carbon source for partial denitrification (PD), brewery wastewater was utilized to test the viability of initiating PD. The Sbre (sludge from the biological treatment tank of Tsingtao Brewery Plant sewage treatment station) and Slab (sludge from laboratory) were fed with brewery wastewater at CODCr/NO3--N (C/N) ratios of 8.0-10.0 and 5.0 for 95 days at 25 ± 1 °C, respectively. The mean NO3--N to NO2--N transformation ratio (NTR) in long-term operation was 40.0% in the Sbre system and 83.2% in the Slab system. Batch tests with C/N ratio of 2.2-4.4 were conducted after 95 days incubation and the result suggested that C/N ratio of 4.3 ± 0.1 contributed more to NO2--N accumulation in both systems. Thauera bacteria, known to be beneficial for NO2--N accumulation, became the dominant community. The relative abundances of Thauera on day 95 in the Sbre and Slab system were 83.36% and 79.11%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zeng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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6
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Zhao Q, Peng Y, Li J, Gao R, Jia T, Deng L, Du R. Sustainable upgrading of biological municipal wastewater treatment based on anammox: From microbial understanding to engineering application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152468. [PMID: 34952066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has drawn increasing attention as a promising option to energy-neutral wastewater treatment. While anammox process still faces challenges in the low-strength and organics-contained municipal wastewater due to its susceptibility and the technical gaps in substrate supply. Effective strategies for extensive implementation of anammox in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remain poorly summarized. In view of the significance and necessity of introducing anammox into mainstream treatment, the growing understanding not only at level of microbial interactions but also on view of upgrading municipal WWTPs with anammox-based processes need to be considered urgently. In this review, the critical view and comprehensive analysis were offered from the perspective of microbial interactions within partial nitrification- and partial denitrification-based anammox processes. To minimize the microbial competition and enhance the cooperation among anammox bacteria and other functional bacteria, targeted control strategies were systematically evaluated. Based on the comprehensive overview of recent advances, the combination of flexible regulation of input organic carbon with anaerobic/oxic/anoxic process and the integration of sludge fermentation with anoxic biofilms in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process were proposed as promising solutions to upgrade municipal WWTPs with anammox technology. Furthermore, a new perspective of coupling anammox with denitrifying dephosphatation was proposed as a promising method for in-depth nutrients removal from carbon-limit municipal wastewater in this study. This review provides the critical and comprehensive viewpoints on anammox engineering in municipal wastewater and paves the way for the anammox-based upgrading of municipal WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ruitao Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tipei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liyan Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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7
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Guo Y, Qian Y, Shen J, Qin Y, Li YY. The startup of the partial nitritation/anammox-hydroxyapatite process based on reconciling biomass and mineral to form the novel granule sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126692. [PMID: 35017089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The synchronous nitrogen elimination and phosphorus (P) recovery can be realized by the novel one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A)-hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization (PN/A-HAP) process, which seems promising in actual application. This research firstly conducted the startup of the PN/A-HAP process based on reconciling biomass and mineral to cultivate the novel sludge with the strategy of alternating enhancement of biomass accumulation and mineral formation. Within three months, the nitrogen removal rate of 1.1 kg/m3/d and the P removal efficiency of 54.2% were achieved. The biomass reached to 3.7 g/L and the average particle size of sludge granules was about 260 μm. The microbial analysis indicated that in sludge the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) mainly belonged to the genus Nitrosomonas, and the anammox bacteria mainly the genus Kuenenia. The main mineral in sludge was identified as HAP. This startup strategy is guidable for the application of one-stage PN/A-HAP process in actual wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Junhao Shen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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8
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Zhang X, Miao Y, Yu D, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Wang X. Culturing partial denitrification biofilm in side stream incubator with ordinary activated sludge as inoculum: One step closer to mainstream Anammox upgrade. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126679. [PMID: 34999188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, adding carriers into anoxic zone is proposed for mainstream Anammox upgrade, which relied on the denitrifiers responsible for partial denitrification (PD) to generate essential nitrite for Anammox bacteria. Still, their low abundance in the naturally formed biofilm leads to insufficient nitrite supply. This study investigated the sequential culturing of PD biofilm. By inoculating ordinary activated sludge, the PD process was quickly established within 54-day. During that, decreasing carbon to nitrogen ratio and anoxic duration in order might be effective strategies. Adding carriers shifted the microbial community, especially the proliferation of Flavobacterium. When solely using the mature PD biofilm, high nitrate to nitrite transformation ratio (>70%) was obtained. Meanwhile, both nitrate-reducing and nitrite-generating processes slowed down and lasted ∼90 min. In addition, abundant Simplicispira candidate for PD was detected in biofilm. This study also suggests that regularly harvesting PD-related functional bacteria from a side-stream incubator promotes mainstream Anammox upgrade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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9
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Chen Y, Yuan Z, Ma Y, An F, Liu A, Liu H, Zhao Z, Ma J. Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification under different operating strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65462-65473. [PMID: 34322804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Real domestic wastewater was treated initially in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with partial nitrification achieved before the effluent was used as the influent for an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor (ASBR) system. The effects of three factors, hydraulic retention time (HRT), substrate (NO2-/NH4+) ratio, and the ratio of COD to NH4+ (C/N), on the removal of carbon and nitrogen by an anammox and denitrification process were investigated in the ASBR reactor at 24°C. The response surface methodology was used to explore the interactions of the three factors. The results indicated that the nitrogen and carbon removal efficiency was optimum when HRT, substrate ratio, and C/N ratio were 33 h, 1.4-1.6, and 3-5, respectively. The optimal removal rates of NH4+, NO2-, and COD were 96.30%, 97.79%, and 72.91%, respectively. The ΔNO2-/ΔNH4+ and ΔNO3-/ΔNH4+ ratios of the first two conditions were less than the theoretical anammox values of 1.32 and 0.26 due to heterotrophic denitrification. The optimum nitrogen and carbon removal efficiencies of the third condition could be realized by the synergistic effect of denitrification and the anammox process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that when the HRT was 33.48 h, the substrate ratio was 1.46, and the C/N ratio was 4.28, the total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) was optimum (90.12 ± 0.1%), verified by parallel experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongling Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjiao An
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Andi Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Technical Center of Sewage Treatment Industry in Gansu, Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
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10
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Chen X, Tang R, Qi S, A R, Ali IM, Luo H, Wang W, Hu ZH. Inhibitory effect of oil and fat on denitrification using food waste fermentation liquid as carbon source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149111. [PMID: 34303253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food waste fermentation liquid (FWFL) can be used as carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. However, the influence of lipid, a common component of food waste, on denitrification remains unclear. In this study, the effect of oil and fat on denitrification process and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using synthetic oil- and fat-bearing carbon source and verified with real FWFL. In the batch experiment, oil and fat had no obvious influence on denitrification, but in the semi-continuous experiment, the denitrification rate in the oil- and fat-added assays decreased to 44% and 38% of that in the control, respectively, after 45 batches. Oil and fat caused sludge floatation, and the floating sludge thickness increased with the continuous operation. Oil/fat-sludge aggregates were observed in the floating sludge and limited gas release. Microbial community analysis indicated that oil and fat did not affect denitrifying bacteria abundance. Limitation of mass transfer might be the main reason for the inhibition of oil and fat on denitrification. In the real FWFL experiment, the denitrification rate in the original and emulsified oil-bearing FWFL decreased to 24% and 56% of that in the demulsifying FWFL, respectively, after 45 batches. These findings indicate the necessity of removing lipids when FWFL is used as denitrification carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rong A
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed Ali
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Haiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, China
| | - Zhen-Hu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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11
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Bonassa G, Bolsan AC, Hollas CE, Venturin B, Candido D, Chini A, De Prá MC, Antes FG, Campos JL, Kunz A. Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147390. [PMID: 33964770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon can affect the biological nitrogen removal process since the Anammox, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacteria have different affinities and feedback in relation to carbon/nitrogen ratio. Therefore, we reviewed the wastewater carbon concentration, its biodegradability and bioavailability to choose the appropriate nitrogen removal process between conventional (nitrification-denitrification) and Anammox-based process (i.e. integrated with the partial nitritation, nitritation, simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification or partial-denitrification). This review will cover: (i) strategies to choose the best nitrogen removal route according to the wastewater characteristics in relation to the organic matter bioavailability and biodegradability; (ii) strategies to efficiently remove nitrogen and the remaining carbon from effluent in anammox-based process and its operating cost; (iii) an economic analysis to determine the operational costs of two-units Anammox-based process when compared with the commonly applied one-unit Anammox system (partial-nitritation-Anammox). On this review, a list of alternatives are summarized and explained for different nitrogen and biodegradable organic carbon concentrations, which are the main factors to determine the best treatment process, based on operational and economic terms. In summary, it depends on the wastewater carbon biodegradability, which implies in the wastewater treatment cost. Thus, to apply the conventional nitrification/denitrification process a CODb/N ratio higher than 3.5 is required to achieve full nitrogen removal efficiency. For an economic point of view, according to the analysis the minimum CODb/gN for successful nitrogen removal by nitrification/denitrification is 5.8 g. If ratios lower than 3.5 are applied, for successfully higher nitrogen removal rates and the economic feasibility of the treatment, Anammox-based routes can be applied to the wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Venturin
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Candido
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, 99700-000 Erechim, Brazil
| | - Angélica Chini
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina C De Prá
- Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | | | - José Luis Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Avda. Padre Hurtado 750, 2503500 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil; Federal University of Fronteira Sul, 99700-000 Erechim, Brazil; Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89715-899 Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
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12
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Chen C, Ali A, Su J, Gao J. An Efficient Bioaggregate Reactor for Enhanced Denitrification of Sewage with Low Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changlun Chen
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
| | - Junfeng Su
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China 710055 Xi'an China
| | - Jing Gao
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering 710055 Xi'an China
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13
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Du Y, Yu D, Wang X, Zhen J, Bi C, Gong X, Zhao J. Achieving simultaneous nitritation, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) in an integrated fixed-biofilm activated sludge (IFAS) reactor: Quickly culturing self-generated anammox bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144446. [PMID: 33434806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, by inoculating nitritation suspended sludge, simultaneous nitritation, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) was established quickly in an integrated fixed-biofilm activated sludge (IFAS) reactor to treat high-ammonia municipal wastewater. Results showed that, deep-level total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies (92.8% and 78.8%, respectively) were achieved, and their effluent concentrations were 13.2 and 39.3 mg/L, respectively. Excess generation of nitrate was once occurred under continuous aerobic condition, but it could be solved by suppressing nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity stably via switching to intermittent aeration mode (alternate 7 min of aerobic and 21 min of anoxic) and rising influent ammonium concentration temporarily (lasted 31 days). High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that, Candidatus_Brocadia, as dominant anammox bacteria, was self-generated in flocs (2.93%) but mainly biofilm (7.67%), whereas uncultured_f_Nitrosomonadaceae as ammonia oxidizing bacteria was mainly found in flocs (2.4%). This work not only demonstrated that anammox bacteria could be self-generated and retained in the SNAD-IFAS system, but also suggested a promising application of the SNAD-IFAS in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Zhen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chunxue Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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14
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Li S, Li J, Yang S, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang L, Peng Y. Rapid achieving partial nitrification in domestic wastewater: Controlling aeration time to selectively enrich ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) after simultaneously eliminating AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124810. [PMID: 33611023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel strategy for rapidly achieving partial nitrification (PN) without additional chemical agents, and infrastructure costs, only by controlling aeration time to selectively enrich ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) after simultaneously eliminating AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Shorter aeration time and sludge retention time (10 days) were implemented to simultaneously eliminate AOB and NOB, the bioactivities drastically decreased to 13 and 0%, respectively. Subsequently, a gradually prolonged aeration time selectively enriched AOB and resulted in PN. The amoA abundances increased to 1.9 × 1010 copies gVSS-1, whereas Nitrospira and Nitrobacter abundances remained stable (3.2 × 109 and 3.1 × 109 copies gVSS-1). A nitrite accumulation rate above 96% was achieved and maintained for 205 days over the entire temperature range (28.5-17.9 °C). The effluent contained 1.9 mg N L-1 of ammonium, 25.3 mg N L-1 of nitrite, and less than 1.0 mg N L-1 of nitrate, facilitating mainstream wastewater anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shenhua Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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15
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Yu H, Ye X, Feng L, Yang J, Lan Z, Ren C, Zhu W, Yang G, Zhou J. Dynamics of denitrification performance and denitrifying community under high-dose acute oxytetracycline exposure and various biorecovery strategies in polycaprolactone-supported solid-phase denitrification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111763. [PMID: 33310237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) is a promising technology for nitrate-rich water purification. This study aimed to examine the variation in denitrification performance and denitrifying community under high-dose acute oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure and various biorecovery strategies. The denitrification performance was impaired significantly after one-day OTC shock at 50 mg L-1 in a continuous-flow SPD system supported by a polycaprolactone (PCL) carrier but could rapidly recover without the addition of OTC. When 50 mg L-1 OTC stress was applied for a longer time in the batch tests, a natural recovery period of more than 20 days was required to reach more than 95% nitrate reduction. Under the same conditions, the addition of both mature biofilm-attached PCL carrier and fresh biofilm-free PCL carrier significantly shortened the recovery time for efficient nitrate reduction, mainly due to the increase in organic availability from the PCL carriers. However, the composition of the microbial community notably changed due to the effects of OTC according to high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Genes encoding NAR and NIR were much more sensitive than those encoding NOR and NOS to OTC shock. Tetracycline resistance gene (TRG) enrichment was 15.86% higher in the biofilm that experienced short-term OTC shock than in the control biofilm in the continuous-flow SPD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Lan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhe Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
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