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Srivastava PK, Tiwari GN, Sinha ASK. Enhanced vermicomposting of rice straw and pressmud with biogas slurry employing Eisenia fetida: Production, characterization, growth, and toxicological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120032. [PMID: 38184874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The biogas plant plays a dual role: it directly provides energy and indirectly promotes organic farming through outlet slurry. However, agricultural biomass wastes such as rice straws (RS) and pressmud (PM), which can't be used as fertilizers on their own, were vermicomposted (60 days) with biogas slurry (BS), using earthworm, into four blends: T1(BS, 100%), T2(3:2, BS: RS), T3(3:2, BS: PM), and T4(3:1:1, BS: RS: PM). The characterization, elemental analysis, and toxicological risk assessment of derived vermimanure were carried out using various analytical tools, such as an organic elemental analyzer such as CHNS, FT-IR, FESEM-EDXA, XPS, and ICP-OES. The pH, electrical conductivity, and C/N values were within 7.1-7.8, 3.2-6.0 dSm-1, and 12-15, respectively, for all treatments. The proportions of N (38%), P (70%), K (58%), Mg (67%), Ca (42%), and ash (44%), increased significantly (P < 0.05) over the initial feedstocks. The ecological risks of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in all feedstocks were found to be under WHO-permitted levels. The growth performance of earthworms was also considerably higher (P < 0.05) over the control feedstock group. The analytical methods verified that feedstock T4 (3:1:1, BS: RS: PM) was more porous, containing NH4+, PO43-, K+, and other nutrients. Pellets of all vermimanure groups keep 65-75% of the original volume. As well, when these pellets have been employed for agronomy and dispersed in the field, they will cause less dust than traditional or powdered compost or manure. In comparison to the control group, the synergistic approach of RS, PM, and BS in vermimanure significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced seed germination (83%), vigour index (42.5%), and decreased mean germination time by 27%. Furthermore, pot trials with Abelmoschus esculentus seed indicated that seedlings cultivated with 40% vermimanure of T4 (3:1:1, BS: RS: PM) mixed soil showed high growth in shoot, root, and plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Amethi, Jais 229304, India.
| | - Gopal Nath Tiwari
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Amethi, Jais 229304, India; Sodha Energy Research Park, BERS Public School, Jawahar Nagar, Chikahar, Ballia 221701, India
| | - Akhoury Sudhir Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Amethi, Jais 229304, India
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Dang QT, Nguyen ATQ, Nguyen AD, Nguyen NT, Dam TTN, Tran TTT, Ngo THA, Nguyen TTH, Tran TV, Dinh VM, Nguyen MN. Desilification of phytolith exacerbates the release of arsenic from rice straw. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140797. [PMID: 38016526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) turnover in rice paddy agro-ecosystems has received much attention because As can enter the food chain through its accumulation in rice, thereby affecting human health. Returning straw to soil is a common practice to retain nutrients for soil and crops, but it also cycles As within the rice paddy field ecosystems. However, there is still a lack of detailed understanding of the fate of As in rice straw, and how or to what extent it is recycled back into the soil environment. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the microstructure of rice straw and the release of As during rice straw decomposition. The microstructure of rice straw was found to comprise both organic and silica (phytolith) components. These two constituents are inter-embedded to form a composite-like structure that contains up to 6.48 mg As Kg-1. The 30-day batch experiments revealed that the biochemical release of As simultaneously depends upon the decomposition of the organic component and the desilicification of the silica component. Accompanying the release of As was the release of other elements such as Fe, Al, P and S. These elements can further interact with As to form less mobile compounds. The introduction of either Trichoderma harzianum or Bacillus velezensis was expected to accelerate the decomposition of rice straw, and enhance the silica dissolution, hence contributing to an increase in the As release. Despite these expectations, our observations showed the opposite effects. Microorganisms presumably have facilitated the change in solution chemistry or the inclusion of As into the newly-formed precipitates. The biochemical decomposition process can reduce straw particle size, while the negatively-charge surface will involve microsized straw particles in the electrostatic interaction, thereby favoring the dispersibility state. Therefore, the co-transport of micro-sized straw particles with As under field conditions should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan T Dang
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anh T Q Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anh D Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ngan T Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Than T N Dam
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Thu T T Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu H A Ngo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trang T H Nguyen
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Fulbright University Vietnam, Tan Phu Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan V Tran
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van M Dinh
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh N Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Yin J, Xie M, Yu X, Feng H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen T. A review of the definition, influencing factors, and mechanisms of rapid composting of organic waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123125. [PMID: 38081379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a traditional method of treating organic waste. A growing number of studies have been focusing on accelerating the process to achieve "rapid composting." However, the specific definition and influencing factors of rapid composting remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to gather more insight into the features of rapid composting by reviewing the literature concerning organic waste composting published in the Web of Science database in the past 5 years. We selected 1615 sample studies with "composting" as the subject word and analyzed the effective composting time stated in each study. We defined rapid composting within 15 days using the median test and quartile method. Based on this definition, we summarized the influencing factors of "rapid composting," namely materials, reactors, temperature, and microorganisms. Finally, we summarized two mechanisms related to humus formation during organic waste rapid composting: high temperature-promoting maturation and microbial driving mechanisms. This literature review compiled useful references to help promote the development of rapid composting technology and related equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Zhejiang Best Energy and Environment Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group Limited, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Sharma M, Sharma NR, Kanwar RS. Assessment of agriwaste derived substrates to grow ornamental plants for constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84645-84662. [PMID: 37369896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Burning of surplus residues in agricultural fields is a common practice in many countries of the world. This practice adds emissions into the atmosphere and results in the loss of essential plant nutrients, hence, there is a need for developing technologies for the sustainable management of agri-residues. Constructed wetlands offer excellent nature-based, low-cost green technologies for the treatment of wastewater using surplus agricultural residues as wetland substrates to grow ornamental plants as a source of income. This study was conducted to investigate the use of agricultural residues and biochar as substrates to grow ornamental plants in constructed wetlands. Four ornamental plants (Canna Indica, Gerbera jamesonii, Liliumwallichianum, and Tagetes erecta) were grown in six different substrate combinations for 120 days. Data on plant growth parameters were collected for each plant and compared to select the best substrate combination. Canna Indica and Lilium wallichianum resulted in significantly higher growth and nutrient uptake (P<0.001) with the substrate of 15% rice straw, 80% soil, 5% biochar (T4), and 25% sugarcane bagasse, 70% soil, 5% biochar (T5) compared to other plants. The result concluded that agricultural waste-derived substrates are viable alternatives having fertilizing effects with the potential for nutrient recovery. The present study provides an alternative approach to utilize agricultural waste sustainably to grow ornamental plants in the constructed wetland which reduces the overall cost of the wetland unit making it more cost-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Rameshwar S Kanwar
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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Li R, Hao H, Yang C, Wang L, Wang H. Rabbit manure compost as a peat substitute for compound growing media: Proportioning optimization according to physiochemical characteristics and seedling effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008089. [PMID: 36388567 PMCID: PMC9647123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of rabbit manure is produced with the development of the rabbit industry, which will cause environmental pollution without proper treatment. Rabbit manure compost may be suitable for seedling cultivation, considering its low moisture, low heavy metal, high lignocellulose, and good fertilizer effect. In this study, a pre-proportioning test of growing media was conducted to optimize the ratio of perlite and vermiculite with peat/rabbit manure compost according to their physicochemical properties. Then, based on the results of the first proportioning optimization, the mixing ratio of rabbit manure compost and peat was further optimized using a bioassay. In this bioassay, salt-tolerant calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and salt-intolerant cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were selected as test plants. The seedling effects (e.g., seedling emergence percentage, plant growth parameters, plant biomass, and nutrient effects) were evaluated. It was shown in the results that the rabbit manure compound growing media could be used for the seedlings, and suitable seedling performance was obtained with the increase of the total porosity (5.0%-61.2%), organic matter content (8.3%-39.9%), and nutrient elements from the rabbit manure compost. From the perspective of seedling emergence, there was no significant difference between rabbit manure compound media and peat treatment, in which the highest emergence percentages were >90%. At the same time, the nutrient performance of plant aboveground was significantly increased in rabbit manure compound growing media compared to peat treatment. In particular, the contents of P and Mg were increased by 31%-141.4% and 80.4%-107.8% for calendula and by 82.6%-117.4% and 35.1%-67.6% for cucumber, respectively. It was indicated in the two-step optimization that the rabbit manure compost proportion of 30%-50% (that is, 60%-100% instead of peat) was more suitable. Additionally, the greenhouse gas emission could be reduced by using rabbit manure compost replacing peat, and the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential would be 3.65 × 105-4.06 × 108 kg CO2-equivalent/year in China, which has important ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangling Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Hao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Composted Rabbit Manure as Organic Matrix for Manufacturing Horticultural Growing Media: Composting Process and Seedling Effects. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated composted rabbit manure as an organic matrix to replace peat for manufacturing horticultural growing media, where three kinds of rabbit manures were composted with temperatures > 50 °C lasting > 7 days, with a germination index > 70%. The heavy metal contents in rabbit manure were far lower than the thresholds in Chinese standards for safe use as horticultural growing media. Then, different ratios of compost and peat were mixed with perlite and vermiculite to manufacture growing media, which were evaluated in a 28-day seedling experiment with cabbage. The manufactured growing media characteristics could satisfy the seedlings’ requirements; air spaces in particular were improved from 15.7% to up to 28.7% by mixing composted manure. Seedling emergence percentages > 90% and good seedling qualities (including enhanced root length, seedling height, and chlorophyll content) indicated that composted rabbit manure could effectively replace peat to manufacture horticultural growing media. The best seedling performance was obtained with the following ratio of composted manure, peat, perlite, and vermiculite: 3:3:2:2. However, the mixing ratio could be further optimized, and other methods to reduce the salinity may be required for the different requirements of specific crops in further research.
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Agarwal P, Saha S, Hariprasad P. Agro-industrial-residues as potting media: physicochemical and biological characters and their influence on plant growth. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2021; 13:1-24. [PMID: 34660165 PMCID: PMC8500816 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-01998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nursery cultivation is recognized globally as an intensive production system to support quality seedlings as well as to manage resources efficiently. Apart from other factors, potting media (PM) play a crucial role in determining the success of nursery cultivation. Worldwide, peat is the most commonly used substrate in PM because of its favorable physicochemical properties. However, due to ascending environmental and ecological concerns regarding the use of peat, a variety of new substrates have been used/tested by researchers/practitioners/growers as PM. Bark, coir pith, wood fiber, compost derived from various agro-residues, and vermicompost either alone or in combination are some of the commonly explored substrates and found to have the potential to replace peat to a greater extent. In lieu of availability, abundance, low cost, and no/low processing requirement, the use of agro-industrial residue (AIR) in the PM is the current trend. However, challenges associated with their adoption cannot be ignored. The present review is focused on providing collective information, scientific knowledge and detailed analysis of various AIR used in PM. The critical evidence-based review would help in developing a consistent approach for the identification, selection and characterization of a new renewable substrate. In addition, it would help in developing a rationale understanding of the practical and economic realities involved in the adoption of the same in PM. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-021-01998-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Agarwal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
| | - P. Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
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Beig B, Niazi MBK, Jahan Z, Kakar SJ, Shah GA, Shahid M, Zia M, Haq MU, Rashid MI. Biodegradable Polymer Coated Granular Urea Slows Down N Release Kinetics and Improves Spinach Productivity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112623. [PMID: 33171829 PMCID: PMC7695163 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency due to environmental N losses from fertilizers results in high-cost on-farm production. Urea coating with biodegradable polymers can prevent these losses by controlling the N release of fertilizers. We calculated N release kinetics of coated granular with various biodegradable polymeric materials and its impact on spinach yield and N uptake. Different formulations were used, (i) G-1: 10% starch + 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) + 5% molasses; (ii) G-2: 10% starch + 5% PVA + 5% paraffin wax (PW); (iii) G-3: 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic + 5% PW; (iv) G-4: 5% molasses + 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic, to coat urea using a fluidized bed coater. The morphological and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that a uniform coating layer with no new phase formation occurred. In the G-2 treatment, maximum crushing strength (72.9 N) was achieved with a slowed-down N release rate and increased efficiency of 31%. This resulted in increased spinach dry foliage yield (47%), N uptake (60%) and apparent N recovery (ANR: 130%) from G-2 compared to uncoated urea (G-0). Therefore, coating granular urea with biodegradable polymers is a good choice to slower down the N release rate and enhances the crop yield and N utilization efficiency from urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Beig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-51-9085-5103
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Salik Javed Kakar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road Rawalpindi, Punjab 10370, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Munir Zia
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Midrar Ul Haq
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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