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Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Ossola R, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Zepp R. The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z. [PMID: 37129840 PMCID: PMC10153058 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes in the aquatic environment by climate change and human activity are modifying the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts in exposure have consequences for the distributions of species, biogeochemical cycles, and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents the latest knowledge on the multi-faceted interactions between the effects of UV irradiation and climate change, and other anthropogenic activities, and how these conditions are changing aquatic ecosystems. Climate change results in variations in the depth of mixing, the thickness of ice cover, the duration of ice-free conditions and inputs of dissolved organic matter, all of which can either increase or decrease exposure to UV radiation. Anthropogenic activities release oil, UV filters in sunscreens, and microplastics into the aquatic environment that are then modified by UV radiation, frequently amplifying adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their environments. The impacts of these changes in combination with factors such as warming and ocean acidification are considered for aquatic micro-organisms, macroalgae, plants, and animals (floating, swimming, and attached). Minimising the disruptive consequences of these effects on critical services provided by the world's rivers, lakes and oceans (freshwater supply, recreation, transport, and food security) will not only require continued adherence to the Montreal Protocol but also a wider inclusion of solar UV radiation and its effects in studies and/or models of aquatic ecosystems under conditions of the future global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA.
| | | | - A T Banaszak
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D-P Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | | | - R Ossola
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
| | | | - R Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, USA
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2
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Enhancing Bioproducts in Seaweeds via Sustainable Aquaculture: Antioxidant and Sun-Protection Compounds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120767. [PMID: 36547914 PMCID: PMC9787370 DOI: 10.3390/md20120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are considered an untapped source of healthy natural metabolites and their market demand is rapidly increasing. Intertidal macroalgae present chemical defense mechanisms that enable them to thrive under changing environmental conditions. These intracellular chemicals include compounds that can be used for human benefit. The aim of this study was to test cultivation protocols that direct seaweed metabolic responses to enhance the production of target antioxidant and photoprotective biomaterials. We present an original integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) design, based on a two-phase cultivation plan, in which three seaweed species were initially fed by fish effluents, and subsequently exposed to various abiotic stresses, namely, high irradiance, nutrient starvation, and high salinity. The combined effect of the IMTA's high nutrient concentrations and/or followed by the abiotic stressors enhanced the seaweeds' content of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by 2.3-fold, phenolic compounds by 1.4-fold, and their antioxidant capacity by 1.8-fold. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rose by 2.7-fold, and the chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis was stimulated dramatically by an order of magnitude. Our integrated cultivation system design offers a sustainable approach, with the potential to be adopted by emerging industries for food and health applications.
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Physiological response of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Pelagodinium béii to ultraviolet radiation: synthesis and accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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López-Sánchez A, Silva-Gálvez AL, Aguilar-Juárez Ó, Senés-Guerrero C, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Carrillo-Nieves D, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Microalgae-based livestock wastewater treatment (MbWT) as a circular bioeconomy approach: Enhancement of biomass productivity, pollutant removal and high-value compound production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114612. [PMID: 35149401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive livestock activities that are carried out worldwide to feed the growing human population have led to significant environmental problems, such as soil degradation, surface and groundwater pollution. Livestock wastewater (LW) contains high loads of organic matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). These compounds can promote cultural eutrophication of water bodies and pose environmental and human hazards. Therefore, humanity faces an enormous challenge to adequately treat LW and avoid the overexploitation of natural resources. This can be accomplished through circular bioeconomy approaches, which aim to achieve sustainable production using biological resources, such as LW, as feedstock. Circular bioeconomy uses innovative processes to produce biomaterials and bioenergy, while lowering the consumption of virgin resources. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment (MbWT) has recently received special attention due to its low energy demand, the robust capacity of microalgae to grow under different environmental conditions and the possibility to recover and transform wastewater nutrients into highly valuable bioactive compounds. Some of the high-value products that may be obtained through MbWT are biomass and pigments for human food and animal feed, nutraceuticals, biofuels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins and fertilizers. This article reviews recent advances in MbWT of LW (including swine, cattle and poultry wastewater). Additionally, the most significant factors affecting nutrient removal and biomass productivity in MbWT are addressed, including: (1) microbiological aspects, such as the microalgae strain used for MbWT and the interactions between microbial populations; (2) physical parameters, such as temperature, light intensity and photoperiods; and (3) chemical parameters, such as the C/N ratio, pH and the presence of inhibitory compounds. Finally, different strategies to enhance nutrient removal and biomass productivity, such as acclimation, UV mutagenesis and multiple microalgae culture stages (including monocultures and multicultures) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaid López-Sánchez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Silva-Gálvez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Óscar Aguilar-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Resende DISP, Jesus A, Sousa Lobo JM, Sousa E, Cruz MT, Cidade H, Almeida IF. Up-to-Date Overview of the Use of Natural Ingredients in Sunscreens. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030372. [PMID: 35337168 PMCID: PMC8949675 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoprotective skincare segment is in high demand to meet consumer concerns on UV-induced skin damage, with a recent trend towards sunscreen alternatives with a natural origin. In this study, the use of natural ingredients, either from terrestrial or marine origin, in a panel of 444 sunscreen commercial formulations (2021) was analyzed. Ingredients from terrestrial organisms represent the large majority found in the analyzed sunscreen formulations (48%), whereas marine ingredients are present only in 13% of the analyzed products. A deeper analysis regarding the most prevalent families of ingredients from terrestrial and marine organisms used as top ingredients is also presented, as well as their mechanisms of action. This study provides an up-to-date overview of the sunscreen market regarding the use of natural ingredients, which is of relevance for scientists involved in the development of new sunscreens to identify opportunities for innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. S. P. Resende
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.I.S.P.R.); (H.C.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Jesus
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.M.S.L.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Sousa Lobo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.M.S.L.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.I.S.P.R.); (H.C.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (I.F.A.); Tel.: +351-220-428-689 (E.S.); +351-220-428-621 (I.F.A.)
| | - Maria T. Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.I.S.P.R.); (H.C.)
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel F. Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.M.S.L.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (I.F.A.); Tel.: +351-220-428-689 (E.S.); +351-220-428-621 (I.F.A.)
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Zhang H, Jiang Y, Zhou C, Chen Y, Yu G, Zheng L, Guan H, Li R. Occurrence of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) from the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon Strains. Molecules 2022; 27:1734. [PMID: 35268833 PMCID: PMC8911825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are widespread in various microbes and protect them against harsh environments. Here, four different Aphanizomenon species were isolated from severely eutrophic waterbodies, Lake Dianchi and the Guanqiao fishpond. Morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis verified that the CHAB5919, 5921, and 5926 strains belonged to the Aphanizomenon flos-aquae clade while Guanqiao01 belonged to the Aphanizomenon gracile clade. Full wavelength scanning proved that there was obvious maximal absorption at 334 nm through purified methanol extraction, and these substances were further analyzed by HPLC and UPLC-MS-MS. The results showed that two kinds of MAAs were discovered in the cultured Aphanizomenon strains. One molecular weight was 333.28 and the other was 347.25, and the daughter fragment patterns were in accordance with the previously articles reported shinorine and porphyra-334 ion characters. The concentration of the MAAs was calibrated from semi-prepared MAAs standards from dry cells of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 algal powder, and the purity of shinorine and porphyra-334 were 90.2% and 85.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of shinorine and porphyra-334 were 0.307−0.385 µg/mg and 0.111−0.136 µg/mg in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae species, respectively. And there was only one kind of MAAs (shinorine) in Aphanizomenon gracile species.,with a content of 0.003−0.049 µg/mg dry weight among all Aphanizomenon gracile strains. The shinorine concentration in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was higher than that in Aphanizomenon gracile strains. The total MAAs production can be ranked as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae > Aphanizomenon gracile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Information Center, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Chi Zhou
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Promotion Center, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Youxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gongliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.C.); (G.Y.)
| | | | - Honglin Guan
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Information Center, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Renhui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Mycosporine-like amino acids: Algal metabolites shaping the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Milito A, Castellano I, Damiani E. From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070379. [PMID: 34209059 PMCID: PMC8303403 DOI: 10.3390/md19070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Milito
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (E.D.)
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Wijayanti LW, Swasono RT, Lee W, Jumina J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Chalcone Derivatives as Novel Sunscreen Agent. Molecules 2021; 26:2698. [PMID: 34064528 PMCID: PMC8124754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a serious problem for skin health thus the interest in the research to develop sunscreen agent has been increasing. Chalcone is a promising compound to be developed as its chromophore absorbs in the UV region. Therefore, in the present work, we synthesized eight chalcone derivatives through Claisen-Schmidt condensation at room temperature. The evaluation of the optical properties of each chalcone derivatives in the UV region was conducted through spectroscopic and computational studies. The synthesized chalcones were obtained in good yields and they were active in the UV region. The results revealed that more methoxy substituents to chalcone leads toward red shift. All chalcone derivatives have high molar absorptivity value (21,000-56,000) demonstrating that they have the potential to be used as the sunscreen agent. The cytotoxicity assay showed that chalcone derivatives were demonstrating low toxicity toward normal human fibroblast cell, which is remarkable. Therefore, we concluded that the synthesized chalcones in this work were potential to be developed as novel sunscreen agents in real application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Wiwid Wijayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.W.W.); (R.T.S.)
- Chemistry Education Department, Kampus III Paingan, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Respati Tri Swasono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.W.W.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Wonkoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Jumina Jumina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.W.W.); (R.T.S.)
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Nano-TiO2 Phototoxicity in Fresh and Seawater: Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. as Proxies. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the industry is quite commonly using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nTiO2) especially in sunscreens, due to its higher reflective index in comparison to micron size TiO2. Its high demand causes its widespread environmental occurrence, thus damaging the environment. The aquatic ecosystems are the most vulnerable to contamination by nTiO2. Like other engineered nanoparticles, nTiO2 has demonstrated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive halogen species (RHS) in the aquatic environment under UV radiation. This study investigated the toxicity of nTiO2 towards two aquatic indicator organisms, one from freshwater (Daphnia magna) and the other from seawater (Artemia sp.), under simulated solar radiation (SSR). Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. were co-exposed in 16 h SSR and 8 h darkness cycles to different concentrations of nTiO2. The estimated EC50 at 48 h for D. magna was 3.16 mg nTiO2/L, whereas for A. sp. no toxic effects were observed. When we exposed these two organisms simultaneously to 48 h of prolonged SSR using higher nTiO2 concentrations, EC50 values of 7.60 mg/L and 5.59 mg/L nTiO2 for D. magna and A. sp., respectively, were obtained. A complementary bioassay was carried out with A. sp., by exposing this organism to a mixture of nTiO2 and organic UV filters (benzophenone 3 (oxybenzone, BP3), octocrylene (OC), and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EtPABA)), and then exposed to SSR. The results suggested that nTiO2 could potentially have negative impacts on these organisms, also this work outlines the different characteristics and interactions that may contribute to the mechanisms of environmental (in salted and freshwater) phototoxicity of nTiO2 and UV radiation, besides their interaction with organic compounds.
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