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Xiao R, Chen S, Wang X, Chen K, Hu J, Wei K, Ning Y, Xiong T, Lu F. Microbial community starters affect the profiles of volatile compounds in traditional Chinese Xiaoqu rice wine: Assement via high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Russell KA, McFrederick QS. Floral nectar microbial communities exhibit seasonal shifts associated with extreme heat: Potential implications for climate change and plant-pollinator interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931291. [PMID: 36090097 PMCID: PMC9453676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral nectar contains vital nutrients for pollinators, including sugars, amino acids, proteins, and secondary compounds. As pollinators forage, they inoculate nectar with bacteria and fungi. These microbes can colonize nectaries and alter nectar properties, including volume and chemistry. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, can influence microbial community structure and nectar traits. Considering current climate change conditions, studying the effects of increased temperature on ecosystem processes like pollination is ever more important. In a manipulative field experiment, we used a passive-heating technique to increase the ambient temperature of a California native plant, Penstemon heterophyllus, to test the hypothesis that temperatures elevated an average of 0.5°C will affect nectar properties and nectar-inhabiting microbial communities. We found that passive-heat treatment did not affect nectar properties or microbial communities. Penstemon heterophyllus fruit set also was not affected by passive-heat treatments, and neither was capsule mass, however plants subjected to heat treatments produced significantly more seeds than control. Although we conducted pollinator surveys, no pollinators were recorded for the duration of our experiment. A naturally occurring extreme temperature event did, however, have large effects on nectar sugars and nectar-inhabiting microbial communities. The initially dominant Lactobacillus sp. was replaced by Sediminibacterium, while Mesorhizobium, and Acinetobacter persisted suggesting that extreme temperatures can interrupt nectar microbiome community assembly. Our study indicates that the quality and attractiveness of nectar under climate change conditions could have implications on plant-pollinator interactions.
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Morales-Poole JR, de Vega C, Tsuji K, Jacquemyn H, Junker RR, Herrera CM, Michiels C, Lievens B, Álvarez-Pérez S. Sugar Concentration, Nitrogen Availability, and Phylogenetic Factors Determine the Ability of Acinetobacter spp. and Rosenbergiella spp. to Grow in Floral Nectar. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02088-4. [PMID: 35930073 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The floral nectar of angiosperms harbors a variety of microorganisms that depend predominantly on animal visitors for their dispersal. Although some members of the genus Acinetobacter and all currently known species of Rosenbergiella are thought to be adapted to thrive in nectar, there is limited information about the response of these bacteria to variation in the chemical characteristics of floral nectar. We investigated the growth performance of a diverse collection of Acinetobacter (n = 43) and Rosenbergiella (n = 45) isolates obtained from floral nectar and the digestive tract of flower-visiting bees in a set of 12 artificial nectars differing in sugar content (15% w/v or 50% w/v), nitrogen content (3.48/1.67 ppm or 348/167 ppm of total nitrogen/amino nitrogen), and sugar composition (only sucrose, 1/3 sucrose + 1/3 glucose + 1/3 fructose, or 1/2 glucose + 1/2 fructose). Growth was only observed in four of the 12 artificial nectars. Those containing elevated sugar concentration (50% w/v) and low nitrogen content (3.48/1.67 ppm) were limiting for bacterial growth. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the ability of the bacteria to grow in different types of nectar is highly conserved between closely related isolates and genotypes, but this conservatism rapidly vanishes deeper in phylogeny. Overall, these results demonstrate that the ability of Acinetobacter spp. and Rosenbergiella spp. to grow in floral nectar largely depends on nectar chemistry and bacterial phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Morales-Poole
- Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara de Vega
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Kaoru Tsuji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Robert R Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Chris Michiels
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
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Christensen SM, Munkres I, Vannette RL. Nectar bacteria stimulate pollen germination and bursting to enhance microbial fitness. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4373-4380.e6. [PMID: 34324834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms consume pollen, yet mechanisms of its digestion remain a fundamental enigma in pollination biology,1-3 as pollen is protected by a recalcitrant outer shell.4-8 Pollen is commonly found in floral nectar,9,10 as are nectar microbes, which are nearly ubiquitous among flowers.11-13 Nectar specialist bacteria, like Acinetobacter, can reach high densities (up to 109 cells/mL), despite the fact that floral nectar is nitrogen poor.14-17 Here, we show evidence that the genus Acinetobacter, prevalent nectar- and bee-associated bacteria,12,18-20 can induce pollen germination and bursting, gain access to protoplasm nutrients, and thereby grow to higher densities. Although induced germination had been suggested as a potential method in macroscopic pollen consumers,2,21-23 and fungal inhibition of pollen germination has been shown,24-27 direct biological induction of germination has not been empirically documented outside of plants.28-32Acinetobacter pollinis SCC47719 induced over 5× greater pollen germination and 20× greater pollen bursting than that of uninoculated pollen by 45 min. When provided with germinable pollen, A. pollinis stimulates protein release and grows to nearly twice the density compared to growth with ungerminable pollen, indicating that stimulation of germination benefits bacterial fitness. In contrast, a common nectar-inhabiting yeast (Metschnikowia)33 neither induced nor benefited from pollen germination. We conclude that Acinetobacter both specifically causes and benefits from inducing pollen germination and bursting. Further study of microbe-pollen interactions may inform many aspects of pollination ecology, including floral microbial ecology,34,35 pollinator nutrient acquisition from pollen,2,3,21,36 and cues of pollen germination for plant reproduction.37-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Christensen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Munkres
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Lei F, Liu X, Huang H, Fu S, Zou K, Zhang S, Zhou L, Zeng J, Liu H, Jiang L, Miao B, Liang Y. The Macleaya cordata Symbiont: Revealing the Effects of Plant Niches and Alkaloids on the Bacterial Community. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681210. [PMID: 34177865 PMCID: PMC8219869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are highly associated with plant growth and health. Exploring the variation of bacterial communities in different plant niches is essential for understanding microbe-plant interactions. In this study, high-throughput gene sequencing was used to analyze the composition and abundance of bacteria from the rhizospheric soil and different parts of the Macleaya cordata. The results indicated that the bacterial community structure varied widely among compartments. Bacterial diversity was observed to be the highest in the rhizospheric soil and the lowest in fruits. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were found as the dominant phyla. The genera Sphingomonas (∼47.77%) and Methylobacterium (∼45.25%) dominated in fruits and leaves, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to measure the alkaloid content of different plant parts. Significant correlations were observed between endophytic bacteria and alkaloids. Especially, Sphingomonas showed a significant positive correlation with sanguinarine and chelerythrine. All four alkaloids were negatively correlated with the microbiota of stems. The predicted result of PICRUST2 revealed that the synthesis of plant alkaloids might lead to a higher abundance of endophytic microorganisms with genes related to alkaloid synthesis, further demonstrated the correlation between bacterial communities and alkaloids. This study provided the first insight into the bacterial community composition in different parts of Macleaya cordata and the correlation between the endophytic bacteria and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Lei
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Haonan Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Tsuji K, Donald M, Van Assche A, Vannette RL, Herrera CM, Jacquemyn H, Fukami T, Lievens B. Nitrogen Assimilation Varies Among Clades of Nectar- and Insect-Associated Acinetobacters. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:990-1003. [PMID: 33404822 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is commonly colonized by yeasts and bacteria, whose growth largely depends on their capacity to assimilate nutrient resources, withstand high osmotic pressures, and cope with unbalanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. Although the basis of the ecological success of these microbes in the harsh environment of nectar is still poorly understood, it is reasonable to assume that they are efficient nitrogen scavengers that can consume a wide range of nitrogen sources in nectar. Furthermore, it can be hypothesized that phylogenetically closely related strains have more similar phenotypic characteristics than distant relatives. We tested these hypotheses by investigating the growth performance on different nitrogen-rich substrates of a collection of 82 acinetobacters isolated from nectar and honeybees, representing members of five species (Acinetobacter nectaris, A. boissieri, A. apis, and the recently described taxa A. bareti and A. pollinis). We also analyzed possible links between growth performance and phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates, while taking into account their geographical origin. Results demonstrated that the studied isolates could utilize a wide variety of nitrogen sources, including common metabolic by-products of yeasts (e.g., ammonium and urea), and that phylogenetic relatedness was associated with the variation in nitrogen assimilation among the studied acinetobacters. Finally, nutrient source and the origin (sample type and country) of isolates also predicted the ability of the acinetobacters to assimilate nitrogen-rich compounds. Overall, these results demonstrate inter-clade variation in the potential of the acinetobacters as nitrogen scavengers and suggest that nutritional dependences might influence interactions between bacteria and yeasts in floral nectar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kaoru Tsuji
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Marion Donald
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ado Van Assche
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bart Lievens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Francis JS, Tatarko AR, Richman SK, Vaudo AD, Leonard AS. Microbes and pollinator behavior in the floral marketplace. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:16-22. [PMID: 33075580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator foraging decisions shape microbial dispersal, and microbes change floral phenotypes in ways perceivable by pollinators. Yet, the role microbes play in the cognitive ecology of pollination is relatively unexplored. Reviewing recent literature on floral microbial ecology and pollinator behavior, we advocate for further integration between these two fields. Insights into pollinator learning, memory, and decision-making can help explain their responses to microbially-altered floral phenotypes. Specifically, considering how pollinators forage for multiple nutrients, cope with uncertainty, structure foraging bouts, and move through their environment could inform predictions about microbial dispersal within plant communities. We highlight how behavior connects microbial changes in floral phenotype to downstream effects on both microbial dispersal and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Francis
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Anna R Tatarko
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Sarah K Richman
- Department of Biology, MS-314, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Anthony D Vaudo
- Department of Biology, MS-314, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Anne S Leonard
- Department of Biology, MS-314, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, United States.
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