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Zhou J, Zhang S, Lv J, Tang C, Zhang H, Fang Y, Tavakkoli E, Ge T, Luo Y, Cai Y, Yu B, White JC, Li Y. Maize straw increases while its biochar decreases native organic carbon mineralization in a subtropical forest soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173606. [PMID: 38823704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Organic soil amendments have been widely adopted to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agroforestry ecosystems. However, the contrasting impacts of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter on native SOC mineralization and the underlying mechanisms mediating those processes remain poorly understood. Here, an 80-day experiment was conducted to compare the effects of maize straw and its derived biochar on native SOC mineralization within a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest soil. The quantity and quality of SOC, the expression of microbial functional genes concerning soil C cycling, and the activity of associated enzymes were determined. Maize straw enhanced while its biochar decreased the emissions of native SOC-derived CO2. The addition of maize straw (cf. control) enhanced the O-alkyl C proportion, activities of β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and dehydrogenase (DH), and abundances of GH48 and cbhI genes, while lowered aromatic C proportion, RubisCO enzyme activity, and cbbL abundance; the application of biochar induced the opposite effects. In all treatments, the cumulative native SOC-derived CO2 efflux increased with enhanced O-alkyl C proportion, activities of BG, CBH, and DH, and abundances of GH48 and cbhI genes, and with decreases in aromatic C, RubisCO enzyme activity and cbbL gene abundance. The enhanced emissions of native SOC-derived CO2 by the maize straw were associated with a higher O-alkyl C proportion, activities of BG and CBH, and abundance of GH48 and cbhI genes, as well as a lower aromatic C proportion and cbbL gene abundance, while biochar induced the opposite effects. We concluded that maize straw induced positive priming, while its biochar induced negative priming within a subtropical forest soil, due to the contrasting microbial responses resulted from changes in SOC speciation and compositions. Our findings highlight that biochar application is an effective approach for enhancing soil C stocks in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junyan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yunying Fang
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Yongfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Dohare S, Rawat HK, Bhargava Y, Kango N. Characterization of Diesel Degrading Indigenous Bacterial Strains, Acinetobacter pittii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Isolated from Oil Contaminated Soils. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:749-757. [PMID: 39011005 PMCID: PMC11246406 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, 13 diesel degrading bacteria were isolated from the oil contaminated soils and the promising strains identified as Acinetobacter pittii ED1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BN were evaluated for their diesel degrading capabilities. These strains degraded the diesel optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and 1% diesel concentration. Both the strains produced biofilm at 1% diesel concentration indicating their ability to tolerate diesel induced abiotic stress. Gravimetric analysis of the spent medium after 7 days of incubation showed that A. pittii ED1 and P. aeruginosa BN degraded 68.61% and 76% diesel, respectively, while biodegradation reached more than 90% after 21 days. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the degraded diesel showed 1636.67 cm-1 (C=C stretch, N-H bond) peak corresponding to alkenes and primary amines, while GC-TOF-MS analysis showed decline in hydrocarbon intensities after 7 days of incubation. The present study revealed that newly isolated A. pittii ED1 and P. aeruginosa BN were able to degrade diesel hydrocarbons (C11-C18, and C19-C24) efficiently and have potential for bioremediation of the oil-contaminated sites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01317-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dohare
- Department of Microbiology, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003 India
| | - Hemant Kumar Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003 India
| | - Yogesh Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003 India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003 India
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Fang X, Zhang M, Zheng P, Wang H, Wang K, Lv J, Shi F. Biochar-bacteria-plant combined potential for remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1343366. [PMID: 38835489 PMCID: PMC11148334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1343366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oil pollution is a common type of soil organic pollution that is harmful to the ecosystem. Bioremediation, particularly microbe-assisted phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil, has become a research hotspot in recent years. In order to explore more appropriate bioremediation strategies for soil oil contamination and the mechanism of remediation, we compared the remediation effects of three plants when applied in combination with a microbial agent and biochar. The combined remediation approach of Tagetes erecta, microbial agent, and biochar exhibited the best plant growth and the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons degradation efficiency (76.60%). In addition, all of the remediation methods provided varying degrees of restoration of carbon and nitrogen contents of soils. High-throughput sequencing found that microbial community diversity and richness were enhanced in most restored soils. Some soil microorganisms associated with oil degradation and plant growth promotion such as Cavicella, C1_B045, Sphingomonas, MND1, Bacillus and Ramlibacter were identified in this study, among which Bacillus was the major component in the microbial agent. Bacillus was positively correlated with all soil remediation indicators tested and was substantially enriched in the rhizosphere of T. erecta. Functional gene prediction of the soil bacterial community based on the KEGG database revealed that pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were up-regulated during remediation of oil-contaminated soils. This study provides a potential method for efficient remediation of oil-contaminated soils and thoroughly examines the biochar-bacteria-plant combined remediation mechanisms of oil-contaminated soil, as well as the combined effects from the perspective of soil bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pufan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Preservation of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage and Preservation of Agricultural Products, Institute of Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Technology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National Research Center of Agricultural Products Preservation Engineering and Technology (Tianjin)), Tianjin, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuchen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Wang H, Lv Y, Bao J, Chen Y, Zhu L. Petroleum-contaminated soil bioremediation and microbial community succession induced by application of co-pyrolysis biochar amendment: An investigation of performances and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133600. [PMID: 38316070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to remediate petroleum-contaminated soil using co-pyrolysis biochar derived from rice husk and cellulose. Rice husk and cellulose were mixed in various weight ratios (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) and pyrolyzed under 500 °C. These biochar variants were labeled as R0C1, R1C0, R1C1, R1C3 and R3C1, respectively. Notably, the specific surface area and carbon content of the co- pyrolysis biochar increased, potentially promoting the growth and colonization of soil microorganisms. On the 60th day, the microbial control group achieved a 46.69% removal of pollutants, while the addition of R0C1, R1C0, R1C3, R1C1 and R3C1 resulted in removals of 70.56%, 67.01%, 67.62%, 68.74% and 67.30%, respectively. In contrast, the highest efficiency observed in the abiotic treatment group was only 24.12%. This suggested that the removal of petroleum pollutants was an outcome of the collaborative influence of co-pyrolysis biochar and soil microorganisms. Furthermore, the abundance of Proteobacteria, renowned for its petroleum degradation capability, obviously increased in the treatment group with the addition of co-pyrolysis biochar. This demonstrated that co-pyrolysis biochar could notably stimulate the growth of functionally associated microorganisms. This research confirmed the promising application of co-pyrolysis biochar in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Lv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Yao K, Cai A, Han J, Che R, Hao J, Wang F, Ye M, Jiang X. The characteristics and metabolic potentials of the soil bacterial community of two typical military demolition ranges in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162562. [PMID: 36871728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The response mechanism of soil microbiota in military polluted sites can effectively indicate the biotoxicity of ammunition. In this study, two military demolition ranges polluted soils of grenades and bullet were collected. According to high-throughput sequencing, after grenade explosion, the dominant bacteria in Site 1 (S1) are Proteobacteria (97.29 %) and Actinobacteria (1.05 %). The dominant bacterium in Site 2 (S2) is Proteobacteria (32.95 %), followed by Actinobacteria (31.17 %). After the military exercise, the soil bacterial diversity index declined significantly, and the bacterial communities interacted more closely. The indigenous bacteria in S1 were influenced more compared to those in S2. According to the environmental factor analysis, the bacteria composition can easily be influenced by heavy metals and organic pollutants, including Cu, Pb, Cr and Trinitrotoluene (TNT). About 269 metabolic pathways annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were detected in bacterial communities, including nutrition metabolism (C, 4.09 %; N, 1.14 %; S, 0.82 %), external pollutant metabolism (2.52 %) and heavy metal detoxication (2.12 %), respectively. The explosion of ammunition changes the basic metabolism of indigenous bacteria, and heavy metal stress inhibits the TNT degradation ability of bacterial communities. The pollution degree and community structure influence the metal detoxication strategy at the contaminated sites together. Heavy metal ions in S1 are mainly discharged through membrane transporters, while heavy metal ions in S2 are mainly degraded through lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The results obtained in this study can provide deep insight into the response mechanism of the soil bacterial community in military demolition ranges with composite pollutions of heavy metals and organic substances. CAPSULE: Heavy metal stress changed the composition, interaction and metabolism of indigenous communities in military demolition ranges, especially the TNT degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Soil Nutrients Management, Pollution Control and Remediation Technologies, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Anjuan Cai
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, 210019, China
| | - Jin Han
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, 210019, China
| | - Ruijie Che
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiarong Hao
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mao Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory of Soil Nutrients Management, Pollution Control and Remediation Technologies, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Soil Nutrients Management, Pollution Control and Remediation Technologies, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Succession Patterns of Microbial Composition and Activity following the Diesel Spill in an Urban River. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030698. [PMID: 36985271 PMCID: PMC10058704 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diesel spills in freshwater systems have adverse impacts on the water quality and the shore wetland. Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism that can clean the diesel from the environment. However, which, and how fast, diesel-degrading microorganisms could degrade spilled diesel has not been well-documented in river water. Using a combination of 14C-/3H--based radiotracer assays, analytical chemistry, MiSeq sequencing, and simulation-based microcosm incubation approaches, we demonstrated succession patterns of microbial diesel-degrading activities, and bacterial and fungal community compositions. The biodegradation activities of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were induced within 24 h after diesel addition, and reached their maximum after incubation for 7 days. Potential diesel-degrading bacteria Perlucidibaca, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Acidovorax, and Aquabacterium dominated the community initially (day 3 and day 7), but later community structure (day 21) was dominated by bacteria Ralstonia and Planctomyces. The key early fungi responders were Aspergillus, Mortierella, and Phaeoacremonium by day 7, whereas Bullera and Basidiobolus dominated the fungal community at day 21. These results directly characterize the rapid response of microbial community to diesel spills, and suggest that the progression of diesel microbial degradation is performed by the cooperative system of the versatile obligate diesel-degrading and some general heterotrophic microorganisms in river diesel spills.
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Lv Y, Bao J, Dang Y, Liu D, Li T, Li S, Yu Y, Zhu L. Biochar aerogel enhanced remediation performances for heavy oil-contaminated soil through biostimulation strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130209. [PMID: 36327836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum leakages can seriously damage the soil environment and cause a persistent harm to human health, due to the release of heavy oil pollutants with a high viscosity and high molecular weight. In this paper, biochar aerogel materials were successfully prepared under 600, 700 and 800 ℃ (accordingly labeled as 600-aerogel, 700-aerogel and 800-aerogel) with green, sustainable and abundant sisal leaves as raw materials for the remediation of heavy oil-contaminated soil. The remediation performances of biochar aerogel supplement for heavy oil-contaminated soil were investigated, while microbial abundance and community structure were characterized. The degradation efficiency of 600-aerogel, 700-aerogel and 800-aerogel treatments was accordingly 80.69%, 86.04% and 86.62% after 60 days. Apart from adsorption behavior, biostimulation strengthened the degradation efficiency, according to findings from first-order degradation kinetics. Biochar aerogel supplement basically increased genera microbial abundance for Sinomonas, Streptomyces, Sphingomonas and Massilia with petroleum degradation abilities through microorganisms' biostimulation. Sinomonas as the dominant genus with the highest abundance probably contributed much higher capacities to heavy oil degradation. This study can provide an inspiring reference for the development of green carbon-based materials to be applied in heavy oil-contaminated soils through biostimulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Lv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianrui Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Dong CD. Degradation of 4-nonylphenol in marine sediments using calcium peroxide activated by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)-derived biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113076. [PMID: 35271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of marine sediments by 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has become a global environmental problem, therefore there are necessaries searching appropriate and sustainable remediation methods for in-situ applications. Herein, water hyacinth [(WH) (Eichhornia crassipes)]-derived metal-free biochar (WHBC) prepared at 300-900 °C was used to promote the calcium peroxide (CP)-mediated remediation of 4-NP-contaminaed sediments. At [CP] = 4.37 × 10-4 M, [WHBC] = 1.5 g L-1, and pH = 6.0, the degradation of 4-NP was 77% in 12 h following the pseudo-first order rate law with rate constant (kobs) of 4.2 × 10-2 h-1. The efficient 4-NP degradation performance and reaction mechanisms of the WHBC/CP system was ascribed to the synergy between the reactive species (HO• and 1O2) at the WHBC surface on which there were abundant electron-rich carbonyl groups and defects/vacancies in the catalyst structure provides active sites, and the ability of the graphitized carbon framework to act as a medium for electron shuttling. According to microbial community analysis based on amplicon sequence variants, bacteria of the genus Solirubrobacter (Actinobacteria phylum) were dominant in WHBC/CP-treated sediments and were responsible for the biodegradation of 4-NP. The results showed great promise and novelty of the hydroxyl radical-driven carbon advanced oxidation processes (HR-CAOPs) that relies on the value-added utilization of water hyacinth for contaminated sediment remediation in achieving circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Influence of Miscanthus Rhizome Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Products Properties. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Waste from the Miscanthus production cycle may be a promising source of material for the pyrolysis and biochar production. The biochar can be used to enrich the soil on which the crop grows, thus increasing productivity. A sample of Miscanthus rhizomes was used as a raw material in a series of experiments in order to find the most suitable conditions for the preparation of biochar. Miscanthus biochar was prepared in a laboratory unit using four different temperatures (i.e., 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C). All pyrolysis products were subsequently evaluated in terms of their quality and product yields were determined. For a temperature of 600 °C and a residence time of 2 h, the appropriate properties of biochar were achieved and the process was still economical. The biochar contained a minimal number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a high percentage of carbon. Surface area was measured to be 217 m2/g. The aqueous extract of biochar was alkaline.
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