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Xu B, Gui D, Peng H, Huang Y, Sha Z. Green manuring alters reactive N losses and N pools in arable soils: A meta-regression study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173256. [PMID: 38763195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Green manuring is a conservation agricultural practice that improves soil quality and crop yield. However, increasing the active nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools during green manure (GM) amendment may accelerate soil N transformation and stimulate N loss. Previous studies have reported the effects of cover crop incorporation on N2O emission; however, the driving mechanisms and other N losses remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 109 published articles (517 paired observations) to clarify the effects of GM amendment on soil reactive N (Nr) losses (N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization, and N leaching and runoff), N pools, and N cycling functional gene abundance. The results showed that green manuring increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) and NO3--N concentrations and stimulated N2O emission but significantly lowered N leaching and yield-scaled NH3 volatilization. Practices of green manuring made a dominant contribution to the variation in N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization after GM application. Furthermore, applying legume-based GM, using N derived from GM (GMN) as an additional input, and short-term GM amendment each stimulated N2O emissions. In contrast, adopting non-legume GM, using GMN to partially substitute mineral N, and applying GM to the soil surface or paddy field mitigated NH3 loss during GM amendment. Additionally, the variation in NH3 volatilization was positively related to soil pH and N application rate (NAR) but had a negative relationship with mean annual precipitation (MAP). This study highlighted the marked effects of green manuring on soil N retention and loss. Agricultural operations that adopt GM amendment should select suitable GM species and optimize mineral N inputs to minimize N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongyang Gui
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yukun Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Canatoy RC, Jeong ST, Cho SR, Galgo SJC, Kim PJ. Importance of biochar as a key amendment to convert rice paddy into carbon negative. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162331. [PMID: 36805061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar being made up of recalcitrant carbon (C) compounds is considered a negative emission technology (NET) due to its indirect removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, there is no clear report about how biochar remains a NET when organic amendment application in rice paddy results in a huge emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) particularly, methane (CH4). To evaluate the net impact of biochar application on the net global warming potential (GWP) in rice paddy, no organic amendment (control), fresh manure, compost, and biochar treatments were selected during the whole investigation period. Compared to compost, biochar application decreased annual CH4 and N2O emissions by 55 and 31 %, respectively. In comparison to the control, biochar application increased CH4 emission by 163 % but decreased N2O emission by 19 %. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock would annually deplete by 2.2 Mg C ha-1 under control; however, biochar application could increase the SOC stock by 18.1 Mg C ha-1 which was 63 and 33 % higher than fresh and compost treatments, respectively. As a result, the control had a net GWP of 10 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 however, this impact was increased with fresh manure and compost application by around 319 and 159 %, respectively. Interestingly, biochar application converted rice paddy into a C sink having a net GWP of -0.104 to -0.191 Mg CO2-eq ha-1. Since there was a comparable difference in grain yield among organic amendments, greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) which is the net GWP per grain yield was significantly high in compost application of approximately 3.1 Mg CO2-eq Mg-1 grain being 127 % higher than control. However, the biochar application had a -0.02 Mg CO2-eq Mg-1 grain which was 1.4 Mg CO2-eq Mg-1 grain lower than the control. Conclusively, biochar application could be a considerable option in maintaining soil quality and productivity without contributing any GHG emissions and their associated impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronley C Canatoy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, 8710, Republic of the Philippines
| | - Seung Tak Jeong
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Rae Cho
- Soil and Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Snowie Jane C Galgo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Fernández-Rodríguez D, Fangueiro DP, Peña Abades D, Albarrán Á, Rato-Nunes JM, Martín-Franco C, Terrón-Sánchez J, Vicente LA, López-Piñeiro A. Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3454. [PMID: 36559566 PMCID: PMC9784570 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) production by flooding is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially methane. The high consumption of water, as well as the chemical and physical degradation caused by these traditional practices in rice soils, is promoting a decrease in rice production in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this study was to monitor GHG emissions and the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from rice produced with sprinkler irrigation techniques and also assess the impact of olive mill waste compost (C-OW) application and tillage on GHG emissions and the NECB. A field experiment for irrigated rice production was implemented by considering four different treatments: (1) tillage (T); (2) no tillage-direct seeding techniques (DS); (3) application of C-OW followed by tillage (TC); and (4) application of C-OW followed by direct seeding (DSC). The C-OW was only applied in the first year at a dose of 80 Mg ha-1. GHG emissions were monitored over three years in these four treatments in order to estimate the direct (first year) and residual (third year) effects of such practices. The application of C-OW caused an increase of 1.85 times the emission of CO2-C in the TC-DSC compared to the T-DS in the first year. It is noteworthy that the TC treatment was the only one that maintained an emission of CO2-C that was 42% higher than T in the third year. Regardless of the treatments and year of the study, negative values for the cumulative CH4 were found, suggesting that under sprinkler irrigation, CH4 oxidation was the dominant process. A decrease in N2O emissions was observed under direct seeding relative to the tillage treatments, although without significant differences. Tillage resulted in an increase in the global warming potential (GWP) of up to 31% with respect to direct seeding management in the third year, as a consequence of the greater carbon oxidation caused by intensive tillage. DS presented a positive NECB in the accumulation of C in the soil; therefore, it provided a greater ecological benefit to the environment. Thus, under Mediterranean conditions, rice production through a sprinkler irrigation system in combination with direct seeding techniques may be a sustainable alternative for rice crops, reducing their GWP and resulting in a lower carbon footprint. However, the use of C-OW as an organic amendment could increase the GHG emissions from rice fields irrigated by sprinklers, especially under tillage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Fernández-Rodríguez
- Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Paulo Fangueiro
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Peña Abades
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra de Cáceres, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Albarrán
- Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Rato-Nunes
- Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Carmén Martín-Franco
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jaime Terrón-Sánchez
- Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Andrés Vicente
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Piñeiro
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Muhammad I, Lv JZ, Wang J, Ahmad S, Farooq S, Ali S, Zhou XB. Regulation of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Biomass to Mitigate Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868862. [PMID: 35547151 PMCID: PMC9083002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable reduction of fertilization with technology acquisition for improving soil quality and realizing green food production is a major strategic demand for global agricultural production. Introducing legume (LCCs) and/or non-legume cover crops (NLCCs) during the fallow period before planting main crops such as wheat and corn increases surface coverage, retains soil moisture content, and absorbs excess mineral nutrients, thus reducing pollution. In addition, the cover crops (CCs) supplement the soil nutrients upon decomposition and have a green manure effect. Compared to the traditional bare land, the introduction of CCs systems has multiple ecological benefits, such as improving soil structure, promoting nutrient cycling, improving soil fertility and microbial activity, controlling soil erosion, and inhibiting weed growth, pests, and diseases. The residual decomposition process of cultivated crops after being pressed into the soil will directly change the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and thus affect the soil microbial activities. This key ecological process determines the realization of various ecological and environmental benefits of the cultivated system. Understanding the mechanism of these ecological environmental benefits provides a scientific basis for the restoration and promotion of cultivated crops in dry farming areas of the world. These findings provide an important contribution for understanding the mutual interrelationships and the research in this area, as well as increasing the use of CCs in the soil for better soil fertility, GHGs mitigation, and improving soil microbial community structure. This literature review studies the effects of crop biomass and quality on soil GHGs emissions, microbial biomass, and community structure of the crop cultivation system, aiming to clarify crop cultivation in theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ju Zhi Lv
- Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Saqib Farooq
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shamsher Ali
- Department of Soil and Environment Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Zhang X, Xie H, Liu X, Kong D, Zhang S, Wang C. A novel green substrate made by sludge digestate and its biochar: Plant growth and greenhouse emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149194. [PMID: 34311361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of sludge produces a large amount of sewage sludge anaerobic digestate (SSAD) that can be reused. A novel green substrate was prepared by mixing SSAD and its biochar (SSBC) filled with perlite and quartz sand for plant growth, as a replacement of soil. We carried out pot experiment, measured ryegrass biomass, seedling survival rate, and evaluated the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG), NH3 volatilization. The results showed that the seedling survival rate and individual biomass of ryegrass in green substrate were 100% and 100.02 mg, which were 14.4% and 231.4% higher than those in only SSAD, but were 1.3% and 19.6% higher than those in soil. SSBC significantly reduced N2O and CO2 emission, inhibited the NH3 volatilization, but increased CH4 emission. However, the cumulative emission of N2O and CH4 was approximation to that in soil. Global warming potential of CH4 and N2O (GWP(CH4+N2O)) green substrate was 11,842.01 kg CO2·hm-2, which was 1.35-fold higher than that of soil. Microbial community structure analysis showed that fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaeal had a higher abundance in green substrate than in soil, which caused the different gas emission. This study will provide an effective and economical way to dispose excessive SSAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Dewen Kong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shenyu Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhua Wang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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