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Zhang Y, Frimpong AJ, Tang J, Olayode IO, Kyei SK, Owusu-Ansah P, Agyeman PK, Fayzullayevich JV, Tan G. An explicit review and proposal of an integrated framework system to mitigate the baffling complexities induced by road dust-associated contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123957. [PMID: 38631446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Road dust-associated contaminants (RD-AC) are gradually becoming a much thornier problem, as their monotonous correlations render them carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. While many studies have examined the harmful effects of road dust on both humans and the environment, few studies have considered the co-exposure risk and gradient outcomes given the spatial extent of RD-AC. In this spirit, this paper presents in-depth elucidation into the baffling complexities induced by both major and emerging contaminants of road dust through a panorama-to-profile up-to-date review of diverse studies unified by the goal of advancing innovative methods to mitigate these contaminants. The paper thoroughly explores the correlations between RD-AC and provides insights to understand their potential in dispersing saprotrophic microorganisms. It also explores emerging challenges and proposes a novel integrated framework system aimed at thermally inactivating viruses and other pathogenic micro-organisms commingled with RD-AC. The main findings are: (i) the co-exposure risk of both major and emerging contaminants add another layer of complexity, highlighting the need for more holistic framework strategies, given the geospatial morphology of these contaminants; (ii) road dust contaminants show great potential for extended prevalence and severity of viral particles pollution; (iii) increasing trend of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in road dust, with studies conducted solely in China thus far; and (iv) substantial hurdle exists in acquiring data concerning acute procedural distress and long-term co-exposure risk to RD-ACs. Given the baffling complexities of RD-ACs, co-exposure risk and the need for innovative mitigation strategies, the study underscore the significance of establishing robust systems for deep road dust contaminants control and future research efforts while recognizing the interconnectivity within the contaminants associated with road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Alex Justice Frimpong
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China; Department of Automotive and Agricultural Mechanization Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jingning Tang
- National Special Purpose Vehicle Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Isaac Oyeyemi Olayode
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sampson Kofi Kyei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Automotive and Agricultural Mechanization Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Philip Kwabena Agyeman
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jamshid Valiev Fayzullayevich
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China; School of Automobile and Automotive Economy, Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Gangfeng Tan
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China.
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Avramescu ML, Casey K, Levesque C, Chen J, Wiseman C, Beauchemin S. Identification and quantification of trace metal(loid)s in water-extractable road dust nanoparticles using SP-ICP-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171720. [PMID: 38490431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Resuspension of road dust is a major source of airborne particulate matter (PM) in urban environments. Inhalation of ultrafine particles (UFP; < 0.1 μm) represents a health concern due to their ability to reach the alveoli and be translocated into the blood stream. It is therefore important to characterize chemical properties of UFPs associated with vehicle emissions. We investigated the capability of Single-Particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) to quantify key metal(loid)s in nanoparticles (NPs; < 0.1 μm) isolated from road dust collected in Toronto, Canada. Water extraction was performed to separate the <1-μm fraction from two different road dust samples (local road vs. arterial road) and a multi-element SP-ICP-MS analysis was then conducted on the samples' supernatants. Based on the particle number concentrations obtained for both supernatants, the metal(loid)-containing NPs could be grouped in the following categories: high (Cu and Zn, > 1.3 × 1011 particles/L), medium (V, Cr, Ba, Pb, Sb, Ce, La), low (As, Co, Ni, < 4.6 × 109 particles/L). The limit of detection for particle number concentration was below 5.5 × 106 particles/L for most elements, except for Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, and V (between 0.9 and 7.7 × 107 particles/L). The results demonstrate that road dust contains a wide range of readily mobilizable metal(loid)-bearing NPs and that NP numbers may vary as a function of road type. These findings have important implications for human health risk assessments in urban areas. Further research is needed, however, to comprehensively assess the NP content of road dust as influenced by various factors, including traffic volume and speed, fleet composition, and street sweeping frequency. The described method can quickly characterize multiple isotopes per sample in complex matrices, and offers the advantage of rapid sample scanning for the identification of NPs containing potentially toxic transition metal(loid)s at a low detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Luyza Avramescu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada..
| | - Katherine Casey
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Christine Levesque
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jian Chen
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Clare Wiseman
- School of the Environment, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Beauchemin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Release of Nanoparticles in the Environment and Catalytic Converters Ageing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123406. [PMID: 34947754 PMCID: PMC8709230 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) contains a cordierite ceramic monolith coated with a layer of Al2O3, CexZr1−xO2 and platinoids mixture. Under standard operation, the platinoid concentration decreases, exposing the remaining washcoat structure. After that particle release stage, the sintering process follows where the crystalline CexZr1−xO2 solution is broken and begins to separate into ZrO2 and CeO2 phases. ZrO2 is released to the environment as micro and nanoparticles, while a small amount of CeO2 generates a new AlxCe1−xO2 composite. The main effect of Ce capture is the growth in the size of the polycrystal structure from 86.13 ± 16.58 nm to 225.35 ± 69.51 nm. Moreover, a transformation of cordierite to mullite was identified by XRD analysis. Raman spectra showed that the oxygen vacancies (Vö) concentration decreased as CexZr1−xO2 phases separation occurred. The SEM-EDS revealed the incorporation of new spurious elements and microfractures favouring the detachment of the TWC support structure. The release of ultrafine particles is a consequence of catalytic devices overusing. The emission of refractory micro to nanocrystals to the atmosphere may represent an emerging public health issue underlining the importance of implementing strict worldwide regulations on regular TWCs replacement.
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